Quasiparticle Corrections to the Electronic Properties of Anion Vacancies at GaAs(110) and InP(110)

We propose a new method for calculating optical defect levels and thermodynamic charge-transition levels of point defects in semiconductors, which includes quasiparticle corrections to the Kohn-Sham eigenvalues of density-functional theory. Its applicability is demonstrated for anion vacancies at the (110) surfaces of III-V semiconductors. We find the (+/0) charge-transition level to be 0.49 eV above the surface valence-band maximum for GaAs(110) and 0.82 eV for InP(110). The results show a clear improvement over the local-density approximation and agree closely with an experimental analysis.Comment: 4 pages including 1 figure, RevTe

Attempts to share information between public sector organisations over time: A case-based exploration of value conflicts

Despite the importance of inter-organisational information sharing (IOIS) in the public sector, such endeavours often fail. Existing research has shown that the values held by collaborating organisations are one important factor affecting these kinds of initiatives. However, research has sought only to a limited extent to address how value conflicts come into play over time. Therefore, this paper aims to explore how conflicting values shape an inter-organisational information-sharing practice in the public sector over time. Using the local/global network framework, we analyse four years’ worth of information sharing in an inter-organisational advisory group in the context of Swedish nuclear waste management. We conclude that different value conflicts are emphasised to different extents at different points in time. That is, values do not uniformly affect IOIS activities, and such conflicts over time reduce the set of potential IOIS activities. We also conclude that when IOIS activities are driven by an individual organisation’s values, individual value rational activities may co-exist with a dysfunctional long-term IOIS practice.publishedVersio

Two PDZ binding motifs within NS5 have roles in Tick-borne encephalitis virus replication

AbstractThe flavivirus genus includes important human neurotropic pathogens like Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West-Nile virus (WNV). Flavivirus replication occurs at replication complexes, where the NS5 protein provides both RNA cap methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. TBEVNS5 contains two PDZ binding motifs (PBMs) important for specific targeting of human PDZ proteins including Scribble, an association important for viral down regulation of cellular defense systems and neurite outgrowth.To determine whether the PBMs of TBEVNS5 affects virus replication we constructed a DNA based sub-genomic TBEV replicon expressing firefly luciferase. The PBMs within NS5 were mutated individually and in concert and the replicons were assayed in cell culture. Our results show that the replication rate was impaired in all mutants, which indicates that PDZ dependent host interactions influence TBEV replication. We also find that the C-terminal PBMs present in TBEVNS5 and WNVNS5 are targeting various human PDZ domain proteins. TBEVNS5 has affinity to Zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), GIAP C-terminus interacting protein (GIPC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK), glutamate receptor interacting protein 2, (GRIP2) and Interleukin 16 (IL-16). A different pattern was observed for WNVNS5 as it associate with a broader repertoire of putative host PDZ proteins

Outcome and quality of life after surgically treated ankle fractures in patients 65 years or older

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite high incidence of ankle fractures in the elderly, studies evaluating outcome and impact of quality of life in this age group specifically are sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome and quality of life 6 and 12 months after injury in patients 65 years or older who had been operated on due to an ankle fracture.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty patients 65 years or older were invited to participate in the study. 6 and 12 months after the injury a questionnaire including inquiry to participate, the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Linear Analogue Scale (LAS), Self-rated Ankle Function and some supplementary questions was sent home to the patients. The supplementary questions concerned subjective experience of ankle instability, sporting and physical activity level before injury and recaptured activity level at follow-ups, need of walking aid before injury, state of living before injury and at follow-ups and co-morbidities. After the 12-month follow-up the patients were also called for a radiological examination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty patients (83%) answered the questionnaire at 6-month and 46 (77%) at the 12-month follow-up. Although, 45 (90%) fractures were low-energy trauma 44 (88%) were bi- or trimalleolar and post-operative reduction results were complete in 23 (46%) ankles. The median OMAS improved from 60 (Interquartile range (IQR) 36) at 6-month to 70 (IQR 35) at 12-month (p = 0.002), but at 12-month still sixty percent or more of the patients reported pain, swelling, problems when stair-climbing and reduced activities of daily life. Twenty (40%) rated their ankle function as 'good' or 'very good' at 6-month and 30 (60%) at 12-month. Forty-one (82%) were physically active before injury but still one year after only 18/41 had returned to their pre-injury physical activity level. According to SF-36 four dimensions differed from the age- and gender matched normative data of the Swedish population, 'physical function', 'role physical' and 'role emotional' were below norms at 6-month for women (p = 0.010, p = 0.024 and 0.031) and 'general health' was above norms at 12-month for men (p = 0.044).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>One year after surgically treated ankle fractures a majority of patients continue to have symptoms and reported functional limitations. However, SF-36 scores indicate that only females had functional status below the age- and gender matched normative data of the Swedish population.</p

Effects of a training program after surgically treated ankle fracture: a prospective randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite conflicting results after surgically treated ankle fractures few studies have evaluated the effects of different types of training programs performed after plaster removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week standardised but individually suited training program (training group) versus usual care (control group) after plaster removal in adults with surgically treated ankle fractures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In total, 110 men and women, 18-64 years of age, with surgically treated ankle fracture were included and randomised to either a 12-week training program or to a control group. Six and twelve months after the injury the subjects were examined by the same physiotherapist who was blinded to the treatment group. The main outcome measure was the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) which rates symptoms and subjectively scored function. Secondary outcome measures were: quality of life (SF-36), timed walking tests, ankle mobility tests, muscle strength tests and radiological status.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>52 patients were randomised to the training group and 58 to the control group. Five patients dropped out before the six-month follow-up resulting in 50 patients in the training group and 55 in the control group. Nine patients dropped out between the six- and twelve-month follow-up resulting in 48 patients in both groups. When analysing the results in a mixed model analysis on repeated measures including interaction between age-group and treatment effect the training group demonstrated significantly improved results compared to the control group in subjects younger than 40 years of age regarding OMAS (p = 0.028), muscle strength in the plantar flexors (p = 0.029) and dorsiflexors (p = 0.030).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that when adjusting for interaction between age-group and treatment effect the training model employed in this study was superior to usual care in patients under the age of 40. However, as only three out of nine outcome measures showed a difference, the beneficial effect from an additional standardised individually suited training program can be expected to be limited. There is need for further studies to elucidate how a training program should be designed to increase and optimise function in patients middle-aged or older.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ACTRN12609000327280</p

Golf as physical activity in school : A study among teachers in physical education, grade 6-9 in the county of Kronoberg

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om golf förekommer som aktivitet i idrottsundervisningen och i så fall i vilken omfattning. Syftet var även att undersöka vilken attityd och vilket intresse idrottslärare i åk 6-9 har till golf som skolidrott. Frågeställningarna var: Hur stor andel av idrottslärarna i åk 6-9 använder sig av golf i sin idrottsundervisning? Vilka faktorer påverkar idrottslärarens val att undervisa golf i skolan? Hur ser idrottslärare i åk 6-9 på golfen som skolidrott i relation till Lpo94 kursplan för idrott och hälsa? Metod Studien genomfördes i form av en enkätundersökning bland idrottslärare i åk 6-9. För studien valdes idrottslärare i Kronobergs län ut. Till samtliga kommunala grundskolor skickades en enkät som bestod av 15 frågor samt sex påståenden som lärarna fick ta ställning till. Med enkäten skickades ett missivbrev ut där syftet med studien redogjordes och där författarna och dess uppdragsgivare för studien presenterades. Resultat Resultatet av enkätundersökningen visade att 76 % av idrottslärarna aldrig har undervisat sina elever i golf under de ordinarie idrottstimmarna. I relation till Lpo 94:s kursplan för idrott och hälsa instämmer 78 % helt eller till viss del i att golf inom skolidrotten kan bidra till att uppnå de strävandemål som anges. På påståendet om golf passar bra att undervisa i skolan svarade 62 % att de instämmer helt eller till viss del. Idrottslärarnas egna erfarenheter av att spela golf i relation till hur mycket golfundervisning de bedrev visade att de som själva aldrig spelat golf heller aldrig hade undervisat om golf i skolan. Slutsats Resultatet av denna studie tyder på att idrottslärarna har en positiv attityd till golf som skolidrott. Däremot pekar resultaten på att själva undervisningen av golf i skolan är ganska sällsynt. Faktorer som verkar vara avgörande är bristande material samt bristande golfkunskap.Aim The aim of this essay was to investigate whether golf occurs as an activity in Physical Education in school, and to what extent. The aim was also to investigate the Physical Education (PE) teacher’s attitude to and interest in golf as an activity in school. Method The essay is based on information gathered from questionnaires sent out to PE-teachers at public schools, grade 6-9 in the county of Kronoberg. The questionnaire contained 15 questions and some assertions for the PE-teachers to decide about. A missive letter was sent along with the questionnaire where the authors of the study were presented and the aim of the study made clear. Results The result of the questionnaire shows that 76 % of the PE-teachers never have taught golf to their pupils during the ordinary PE lessons. Up to 76 % of the teachers completely agree, or agree to some extent that golf in school may contribute to the pupil’s ability to achieve the aims stated in the curriculum from 1994. The number of PE-teachers who completely agreed, or agreed to some extent that the assertion of golf being suitable to teach in school were 62 %. The PE-teachers own experiences of golf showed to what extent they teached golf in school. Teachers who had no experiences of golf did not advocate it either. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the questioned PE-teachers had a positive attitude towards golf as an activity in school. However, the results point to the fact that teaching of golf is almost non existing. Decisive factors are insufficient materials and lack of knowledge about golf among the PE-teachers

Hold or fold? - en studie av framtidsutsikter för långsiktig lönsamhet inom Internetpokerbranschen

Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera kritiska framgångsfaktorer inom Internetpokerbranschen för att öka förmågan att analysera framtidsutsikterna i branschen. För att uppnå syftet utarbetas en branschanalysmodell som tar hänsyn till den dynamik som existerar i pokerbranschen. I uppsatsen används en kvalitativ metod och ett abduktivt angreppssätt. Det genomförs intervjuer med två Internetpokerföretag och två journalister med god insikt i branschen. Vidare görs en genomgång av marknadsläget i Internetpokerbranschen. Empirin analyseras sedan utifrån den uppdaterade branschanalysmodellen. Teoretiska perspektiv: Inledningsvis diskuteras företagets externa perspektiv, huvudsakligen med Porters femkraftsmodell som utgångspunkt. Vidare diskuteras företagets interna kompetenser och resurser med hjälp av ett resursbaserat synsätt. Dessa teorier kopplas samman med hjälp av bland annat Amit och Schoemaker (1993). Detta ramverk kompletteras med de specifika krafter som är unika för den nya affärsmiljön, digitalisering, innovation globalisering och nätverk, för att resultera i en uppdaterad branschanalysmodell, molnmodellen. Empiri: Den insamlade empirin består av två djupintervjuer med Internetpokerföretag. Dels med Ongame som ligger bakom pokersajter som PokerRoom.com och EuroPoker.com, samt en djupintervju med ReplayPoker, ett nyetablerat pokerföretag från Stockholm. Vidare genomfördes en telefonintervju med Henrik Huldschiner journalist på Dagens Industri, samt en E-postintervju med Erik Bergin på SvD. Slusatser: Den slutgiltiga branschanalysmodellen utökas med ytterliggare en specifik påverkande faktor, regelverk. Vidare presenteras en modell med samtliga kritiska framgångsfaktorer som identifierats, samt deras samband. Enligt denna undersökning är en lojal kritisk massa den viktigaste framgångsfaktorn för långsiktig lönsamhet. Sammanfattningsvis finns det goda möjligheter till fortsatt hög lönsamhet inom Internetpokerbranschen. De företag som är stora idag kommer förmodligen att fortsätta att växa framförallt på nya marknader men också genom sammanslagningar och uppköp av mindre företag

Stress state and strain rate dependence of the strain-induced martensitic transformation in a metastable austenitic stainless steel

The strain-induced martensitic transformation in a metastable austenitic stainless steel is investigated by high-energy x-ray diffraction and material modeling. Two different deformation modes are used (cold rolling and uniaxial tensile loading) and the effect on the strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior is investigated. Moreover, three different strain rates during the uniaxial tensile loading are evaluated. The results show a sigmoidal transformation behavior of the strain-induced martensite in respect to true strain, for tensile loading. The effect of different strain rates is also clearly seen and it alters both the amount of transformed martensite and the transformation behavior. The martensite transformation is drastically decreased already at moderate strain rates such as 10-2 s-1, due to adiabatic heating of the sample. The material model used gives an accurate prediction of the strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior during tensile loading. This is valuable for further implementation of the current material model in industrial forming mulations of real components.Godkänd; 2007; 20071212 (pethed)</p