Étude et optimisation de l'imprimabilité de films PVC produits par calandrage et enduction

Printing quality idea is hard to control. In industry, eye is often used to judge the quality of a printed polymer film. In order to get a new level in terms of printing quality and get “point by point” or “all-over” quality, it is necessary to find a way to quantify printing quality. Some elements are important concerning the quantification of the printing quality: an optical microscopic image, a value of the average intensity and a value on the homogeneity of the color. We can define, for a calendered and a coated substrate, the main parameters acting on the printing quality. Printing speed and pressure of the rubber roll are the two main process parameters to act, viscosity and surface tension of the ink are the two main ink properties to act, while the calendered substrate is more sensitive to the variation of the parameters than the coated one.La qualité d'impression est une notion difficile à maîtriser. L'œil est souvent utilisé en industrie comme outil permettant de juger la qualité d'un film polymère imprimé. Afin d'atteindre un niveau supérieur de qualité, il est nécessaire de trouver un moyen pour quantifier la qualité d'impression, et ainsi permettre d'atteindre soit une qualité dite « point par point », soit une qualité dite « all-over ». Plusieurs éléments sont nécessaires à cette quantification : une image en microscopie optique de l'échantillon, ainsi qu'une valeur d'intensité moyenne et d'homogénéité de couleur, que l'on obtient grâce à un rugosimètre confocal. Ainsi nous avons pu définir, pour un support mis en forme par calandrage et un support mis en forme par enduction, les paramètres majeurs agissant sur la qualité d'impression. En termes de procédé, il apparaît que la vitesse d'impression et la pression du cylindre presseur influencent grandement l'imprimabilité. Au niveau des matériaux utilisés, la viscosité et la tension de surface de l'encre ont un effet important alors qu'en termes de support, un film calandré sera plus sensible aux variations des différents paramètres qu'un film enduit

Study and optimization of the printability of PVC films produced by calendering and coating

La qualité d'impression est une notion difficile à maîtriser. L'œil est souvent utilisé en industrie comme outil permettant de juger la qualité d'un film polymère imprimé. Afin d'atteindre un niveau supérieur de qualité, il est nécessaire de trouver un moyen pour quantifier la qualité d'impression, et ainsi permettre d'atteindre soit une qualité dite « point par point », soit une qualité dite « all-over ». Plusieurs éléments sont nécessaires à cette quantification : une image en microscopie optique de l'échantillon, ainsi qu'une valeur d'intensité moyenne et d'homogénéité de couleur, que l'on obtient grâce à un rugosimètre confocal. Ainsi nous avons pu définir, pour un support mis en forme par calandrage et un support mis en forme par enduction, les paramètres majeurs agissant sur la qualité d'impression. En termes de procédé, il apparaît que la vitesse d'impression et la pression du cylindre presseur influencent grandement l'imprimabilité. Au niveau des matériaux utilisés, la viscosité et la tension de surface de l'encre ont un effet important alors qu'en termes de support, un film calandré sera plus sensible aux variations des différents paramètres qu'un film enduit.Printing quality idea is hard to control. In industry, eye is often used to judge the quality of a printed polymer film. In order to get a new level in terms of printing quality and get “point by point” or “all-over” quality, it is necessary to find a way to quantify printing quality. Some elements are important concerning the quantification of the printing quality: an optical microscopic image, a value of the average intensity and a value on the homogeneity of the color. We can define, for a calendered and a coated substrate, the main parameters acting on the printing quality. Printing speed and pressure of the rubber roll are the two main process parameters to act, viscosity and surface tension of the ink are the two main ink properties to act, while the calendered substrate is more sensitive to the variation of the parameters than the coated one

Impact des traitements spécifiques de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire dans l'hypertension portopulmonaire

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Experiments and modelling of calender processing for shear thinning thermoplastics between counter rotating rolls with differential velocities

International audienceThis paper is concerned with a floor application Calendering processing using both a PVC and a Polyolefin formulation within a two roll Calender. The Rheology of both formulations was measured using the Rheoplast, a specific capillary Rheometer. Experiments with various velocity differentials were performed and the roll separating force and the sheet exit temperature were measured for each case. An isothermal model based on the lubrication approximations hypothesis together with a power-law behavior for the molten polymer has been developed. Due to the difference between the rotation velocities of the two cylinders, the problem is no longer symmetric and the integration of the generalized Reynolds equation requires taking into account various velocity profiles. The resulting pressure profile enables computation of the roll separating force. The agreement between the model and experiments performed with the PVC formulation at various velocity differentials is fair; however for the Polyolefin formulation there is a significant difference which means that the model for this new formulation needs to be improve

Observational study of QuantiFERON®-TB gold in-tube assay in tuberculosis contacts in a low incidence area.

BACKGROUND: QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-Tube (QFT) assay is a recently developed test to assess latent tuberculosis infection in contagious tuberculosis (TB) contact subjects. To assess the QFT assay in recently exposed contacts of active tuberculosis patients in a French area with low TB incidence but high Bacille Calmette-Guerin coverage, and evaluate progression rates to TB disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between January 2007 and December 2009, 687 contacts of culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases underwent the QFT assay, with tuberculin skin test (TST) in 473, and a 34 months mean follow-up. Of 687 contacts, 148 were QFT positive, while 526 were negative and 13 indeterminate. QFT was positive in 35% of individuals with TST ≥ 10 mm, 47.5% with TST ≥ 15 mm or phlyctenular, but in 21% of cases in which two-step TST (M0 and M3) remained negative. Conversely, QFT was negative in 69% of cases with two-step TST showing conversion from negative to positive. All indeterminate QFT were associated with TST induration <10 mm in diameter. For 29 QFT-positive subjects, no chemoprophylaxis was given due to medical contraindications. Of the remaining 119 QFT-positive contacts, 97 accepted chemoprophylaxis (81.5%), and 79 (81.4%) completed the treatment. Two contacts progressed to TB disease: one subject was QFT positive and had declined chemoprophylaxis, while the other one was QFT negative. QFT positive predictive value for progression to TB was 1.96% (1/51) with a 99.8% (525/526) negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results confirm the safety of the QFT-based strategy for assessing the TB chemoprophylaxis indication, as only one contact developed TB disease out of 526 QFT-negative subjects

Lesson of the month: management for aspiration of a silver nitrate pencil tip during tracheostomy care

CERVOXY CLINInternational audienceWe present the cases of two laryngectomised patients who were treated for granulomas of the tracheostomy orifice with a silver nitrate pencil. During tracheostomy care, the tip broke off, was aspirated and fell into the bronchial tree. Necrotising ulcerative injuries of the right bronchial tree with clear delineation were found without lesions in the subsegmental division. To prevent the risk of secondary stenosis of the small airways induced by the spread of silver nitrate, we did not irrigate with saline solution as previously reported. Antibiotherapy and endoscopic monitoring were performed. Complete healing in 4–6 weeks was found without stenosis of the bronchial tree or bleeding

Nouveau manuel complet de la peinture sur verre, sur porcelaine et sur émail... (Nouvelle édition...) / par Reboulleau, Magnier et A. Romain,...

Collection : Encyclopédie-RoretContient une table des matièresAvec mode text

Number of cases of incident tuberculosis disease in untreated contacts.

<p>QFT: QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-tube,;Sp: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.</p

Flow chart of the study population.

<p>QFT: QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-tube; TST: tuberculin skin test; M: month.</p