Analuisis Dinamika Pemanfaatan Lahan Pertanian di Kota dan Kabupaten Serang (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Kramatwatu, Kasemen, dan Pontang

Penggunaan lahan merupakan salah satu variabel kunci dalam kajian yang terkait dengan perencanaan wilayah dan pengeloaan sumberdaya lahan. Sayangnya, meskipun telah diakui arti pentingnya, informasi penggunaan lahan tetap sulit diperoleh, khususnya apabila kualitas, relevansi dan kemutakhiran data yang menjadi kriteria utama. Persoalan muncul ketika ingin melakukan analisis data spasial untuk evaluasi dan perencanaan ruang ternyata kandungan informasi penggunaan lahan yang berbeda-beda dan tidak konsisten secara multi-temporal. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) melakukan identifikasi dinamika dan pola perkembangan kawasan terbangun pada lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Kramatwatu dan Kecamatan Pontang yang berada di Kabupaten Serang, serta Kecamatan Kasemen yang berada di Kota Serang, (2) melakukan identifikasi rasio penduduk di sektor pertanian dengan luas lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Kramatwatu, Kecamatan Pontang dan Kecamatan Kasemen. Hasil penelitian konversi lahan pertanian pada umumnya terjadi di lahan pertanian subur dan memiliki saluran irigasi teknis yang baik dirubah menjadi permukiman, industri dan infrastruktur. Kondisi ini apabila terus berlangsung maka kebijakan pemerintah untuk mempertahankan lahan produktif sebagai tempat untuk produksi pangan nasional menjadi masalah yang serius

Skrining Indikator Asam Basa dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bit (Beta Vulgaris L) dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Adam Hawa (Tradescantia Spathacea Sw) Menggunakan Software Image-J

Latar Belakang: Indikator asam basa merupakan suatu zat yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan pH suatu larutan. Buah bit mengandung betasianin dan daun adam hawa yang mengandung antosianin yang dapat berubah pada kondisi pHtertentu. Karakteristik tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kertas indikatoralternatif. Metodologi: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan mencari nilai cut off kertas indikator asam basa buah bit dan daun adam hawa. Uji akurasi dan presisi dilakukan dengan cara meneteskan larutan buffer ke kertas indikator asam basa buah bit dan daun adam hawa, dilakukan replikasi sebanyak 5 kali. Pada uji stabilitas sampel disimpan pada kondisi suhu 40C dan suhu kamar selama 7 jam kemudian difoto setiap jam, setiap uji difoto menggunakan kamera digital, data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan program Image-J. Hasil Penelitian: Cut off point pada kertas indikator ekstrak etanol buah bit diperoleh pada pH 5,5 dan 9,5. Cut off point pada kertas indikator ekstrak etanol daun adam hawa adalah 2,0 dan 9,5. Kertas indikator ekstrak etanol buah bit danekstrak etanol daun adam hawa tidak stabil dari awal penyimpanan dan warna terlihat semakin pudar selama penyimpanan. Kesimpulan: Daun adam hawa dan buah bit dapat dijadikan kertas indikator asam basa karena memiliki perubahan warna saat ditetesi buffer, tetapi sampel tersebut tidak stabil selama penyimpanan

Analisis Kinerja Perubahan Hello Interval pada AODV di Lingkungan VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) merupakan pengembangan dari Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). Routing protocol VANET dibagi menjadi dua model, yaitu Topology-based Routing dan Geographic Routing. Untuk Topology-based Routing masih dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu proaktif dan reaktif. Salah satu dari beberapa routing protocol yang reaktif yaitu AODV. Reactive routing protocol AODV memiliki node dengan mobilitas yang tinggi sehingga tidak jarang sebelum paket data tersampaikan, rute yang terjalin sudah berubah. Oleh karena itu, rawan terjadi kehilangan paket data di tengah pengiriman. Melihat permasalahan di atas, pada Tugas Akhir ini akan dilakukan analisis kinerja pada routing protocol AODV dengan mengubah Hello Interval. Modifikasi yang dilakukan berfokus pada perubahan Hello Interval yang disimulasikan menggunakan skenario grid dan skenario real. Batasan modifikasi Hello Interval berkisar pada interval 5 detik, 10 detik, dan 15 detik. Hasil uji coba telah menunjukkan bahwa protokol AODV modifikasi mampu menurunkan Routing Overhead sebesar 64.34 %. Namun pada performa metrik yang lain menunjukan hasil yang kompetitif dibandingkan dengan AODV asli. ============================================================ Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a development of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). VANET routing protocol is divided into two models, namely Topology-based Routing and Geographic Routing. For Topology-based Routing is still divided into two, namely proactive and reactive. One of several reactive routing protocols is AODV. Reactive routing protocol AODV has a node with high mobility so that not infrequently before data packets are delivered, the interwoven route has changed. Therefore, it is prone to lose the data packet in the middle of sending. Seeing the problem above, this Final Project will perform performance analysis on AODV routing protocol by changing Hello Interval. The modifications made focus on simulated Hello interval changes using grid scenarios and real scenarios. The Hello Interval modification limits range from 5 second, 10 second, and 15 second intervals. The test results have shown that the modified AODV protocol is able to decrease Routing Overhead by 64.34%. But on other performance metrics show competitive results compared with the original AODV

Efektivitas Penggunaan Saliva Dibandingkan Povidin-Iodin 10% terhadap PenyembuhanLuka pada Kutaneus Tikus Sprague Dawley

Saliva merupakan bagian dari lingkungan rongga mulut yang mempuyai peran penting menjaga intergritas dari jaringan rongga mulut, pada proses mastikasi dan fonasi. Saliva mengandung growth factors seperti Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) yang diyakini berfungsi sebagai faktor penyembuhan luka dalam rongga mulut sehingga luka lebih cepat sembuh dibandingkan dengan luka di kulit. Penggunaan povidon-iodin 10% untuk membersihkan, mengirigasi, dressing luka masih kontroversial dikarenakan povidon-iodin 10% tidak secara efektif membantu menyembuhkan luka dengan tampak keadaan luka yang tidak sembuh secara sempurna, mengurangi kekuatan rekonstruksi kulit, ataupun terjadinya infeksi. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas saliva sebagai faktor yang mempercepat penyembuhan luka pada kutaneus dibandingkan dengan povidon-iodin 10% dengan mengamati kecepatan penyembuhan luka dan hasil remodeling kulit. Pengamatan dilakukan pada prosespenyembuhan luka selama 21 hari sesuai dengan fase-fase penyembuhan yang akan dilalui yaitu fase inflamatori, fase proliferatif, dan fase remodelling jaringan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada aspek klinis dan histologis. Aspek klinis dilihat pada Perubahan area hiperemia dan edema pada daerah luka hasil eksisi. Evaluasi histologis pada luka dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 3, 5, 7, 14, dan 21 setelah perlukaan dengan parameter ketebalan epitel dan kepadatan serabut kolagen. Hasil penelitian menjukkan terdapat kecepatan penyembuhan luka dan hasilrekonstruksi yang berbeda meskipun secara analisis statistik perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Saliva yang mengandung EGF, yang berfungsi memacu poliferasi sel, diferensiasi sel, dan migrasi sel, akan mempercepat penyembuhan luka dengan rekonstruksi luka yang paling baik. Penyembuhan luka menggunakan NaCl lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan povidin-iodin 10% karena NaCl menciptakan keadaan lembab pada area lukadapat mempercepat terbentuknya stratum corneum dan angiogenesis untuk proses penyembuhan luka. Kesimpulan: saliva dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka, sehingga kedepannya saliva dengan kandungan EGF nya dapat menjadi sumber obat yang baru untuk penyembuhan luka

Laporan Kasus: Glossitis pada Penderita Anemia Defisiensi Besi

Anemia is a common hematological disorder. Anemia is a disorder in which erythrocytes or circulating hemoglobin cannot fulfill their function properly. A 21-year-old woman came to the General Sudirman University Dental and Oral Hospital with complaints of dizziness, weakness, pale face, burning tongue in the oral cavity, stinging sensation on the dorsum of the tongue, and getting sicker when eating spicy food. spicy or hot. Symptoms have been coming and going since last year. Complete blood count was performed and the patient was diagnosed with glossitis due to iron deficiency anemia. Discussion: Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue characterized by depapilation of the tongue accompanied by pain or burning in the tongue area. Glossitis is one of the oral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia. Patients with anemia can experience glossitis. The therapy given is instructions to the patient to consume foods rich in iron

Pengaruh Lama Perendaman dan Jenis Minuman Beralkohol Bir dan Tuak terhadap Kekerasan Email Gigi Manusia (In Vitro)

Erosi gigi merupakan hilangnya lapisan email gigi karena asam. Jenis asam, pH rendah, serta kandungan kalsium, fosfat, dan fluoride pada bir dan tuak diduga merupakan faktor kimiawi penyebab erosi gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 sampel gigi premolar pertama atas. Setiap gigi dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, bukal dan palatal. kemudian dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok (A1) perendaman dalam bir (ringan); (A2) kelompok perendaman dalam bir sedang; kelompok (A3) perendaman dalam bir berat, kelompok (B1): perendaman dalam tuak ringan, (B2): perendaman dalam tuak sedang, (B3): perendaman dalam tuak berat dan kelompok kontrol (C). Uji kekerasan email gigi dilakukan menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Pengujian kekerasan awal email gigi dilakukan sebelum perendaman gigi. Perendaman gigi premolar pertama atas pada bir dan tuak dilakukan selama 10 detik, 50 detik, dan 250 detik perhari dengan penyimpanan subjek penelitian pada saliva buatan. Uji kekerasan akhir email gigi dilakukan setelah perlakuan selama 30 hari. Nilai perubahan kekerasan email gigi merupakan selisih nilai kekerasan akhir dan nilai kekerasan awal email gigi. Sebagai tambahan data, pada bir dan tuak juga diukur kandungan pH, kalsium, dan fosfor. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANAVA dua jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil analisis ANAVA dua jalur menujukkan bahwa jenis minuman dan lama perendaman berpengaruh bermakna terhadap kekerasan email gigi (p<0,05). Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rerata yang signifikan (p<0,05) antar kelompok uji bir dan tuak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh jenis minuman beralkohol bir dan tuak dan lama perendaman terhadap kekerasan email gigi manusia (in vitro).The Effect Of Contact Time And Alcohol Beverages Beer And Tuak On Human Dental Enamel Hardness (In Vitro). Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissue, associated with acid. Acid type, low pH, and concentration of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride are being estimated as chemical factors of dental erosion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contact time and alcohol beverages beer and tuak on human dental enamel hardness (in vitro).This study was using 14 samples maxillary first premolar. Each tooth was divided into two parts, buccal and palatal. Then divided into 7 treatment groups, i.e. groups of light beer “drinkers” (A1), moderate beer “drinkers” group (A2), heavy beer “drinker” group (A3), light tuak “drinker” group (B1), moderate tuak “drinkers” group (B2), the group “drinkers” heavy tuak (B3) and control group (C). Enamel hardness values were monitored using Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Initial enamel hardness value was tested before the treatment. Maxilla first premolar teeth were exposed to beer and tuak for 10 seconds, 50 seconds, and 250 seconds per day for 30 days in the presence of artificial saliva. Final enamel hardness value was monitored after 30 days of treatment. Enamel hardness difference values were calculated by subtracting initial and final enamel hardness value. As supporting data, It was measured pH and concentration of calcium and phosphor in beer and tuak. Data was being analyzed by two-way ANOVA and LSD test. Results showed that contact time and alcohol beverage beer and tuak had a significant influence to enamel hardness value (p<0.05). LSD test showed that some groups had significant average difference (p<0.05). It was concluded that contact time and type of alcohol beverages beer and tuak had effect on human dental enamel hardness (in vitro)

A Review of the Applicability of Gamification and Game-based Learning to Improve Household-level Waste Management Practices among Schoolchildren

Knowledge strongly affects attitudes toward waste management; thus, embedding an environmental mentality at a young age is crucial. Game-based interventions, such as gamification and game-based learning, have huge potential to be effective learning tools. This paper examines the potential of gamification to improve waste management practices among schoolchildren through a narrative review of 25 papers on gamification for waste management and gamification for schoolchildren. The effectiveness of game-based learning and gamification in mitigating waste management issues with schoolchildren has not yet been well-described in the literature; however, the evolving market in related sectors is a strong indication of their potential. A robust understanding of social and behavioral theories is necessary for implementing gamification and game-based learning effectively. Additionally, the game elements, design, and mechanics that can achieve the most positive impacts should be explored further. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the body of knowledge in the environmental sector on gamification as an innovative process for improving household-level waste management behavior among schoolchildren

Safety of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in egg allergy: in vivo and in vitro management

Background: Egg allergy is the second most prevalent form of food allergy in childhood. In spite of the evidence accumulated, inoculating egg allergy children with attenuated vaccines grown on chick embryo cell cultures, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, is regarded (erroneously) as potentially dangerous or even anaphylactogenic, by many. An issue perceived as particularly conflicting also by Health Professionals. Case presentation: A 15-year-old boy, with a history of severe egg allergy in early infancy, who was still sensitized to egg allergens, including baked egg, had never received MMR vaccination, in fear of possible anaphylaxis, in spite of the fact that this vaccination is mandatory in the first year of life, in Italy. Because of that, he was not allowed to attend school, longer, and was referred to us in order to assess the potential risk of MMR vaccination. Upon thorough allergologic workup, sensitization to MMR vaccine components was excluded by an in vivo approach, consisting in skin prick tests, intradermal tests, and subcutaneous injection test, corroborated by vaccine-specific B-lymphocyte proliferation assay, ex vivo. T-cell proliferation in response to MMR vaccine was also excluded. Eventually, the boy was inoculated with MMR vaccine and was readmitted to school. Conclusions: The diagnostic strategy adopted appears feasible and easy-to-perform and may be adopted in controversial cases (as the one reported), characterized by previous severe allergic reactions to egg. The B-lymphocyte proliferation assay we developed may represent a useful and reliable tool not only in research but also in clinical practice

Home management of children with COVID-19 in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy

In most children, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild or moderate disease. Moreover, in a relevant number of cases, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains totally asymptomatic. All these findings seem to suggest that otherwise healthy children with suspected COVID-19 might be managed in the community in most cases, thus avoiding hospital admission and closely related medical, social and economic problems, including overwhelming hospitals. Unfortunately, home management of children with suspected COVID-19 rarely occurs, and many children with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection are frequently hospitalized irrespective of the severity of disease. To evaluate the role of community health houses (CHHs) in the management of children with COVID-19, 1,009 children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. Among them, 194 (19.2%) resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2. The majority (583, 58%) were tested at home by CHHs, while 426 (42%) were brought to the hospital for testing. The patients who were managed in the hospital had a significantly lower median age than those who were managed at home (2 vs. 12 years, p &lt; 0.001). Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 cases within the family was significantly more frequent among those who were managed at home (82 vs. 46%, p &lt; 0.05). The clinical findings were similar between the children who were managed at home and those who were managed in the hospital. Only one of the children managed at home (0.7%) required hospitalization; in comparison, 26 (48%) of those whose swab samples were taken at the hospital were hospitalized. Our research shows for the first time the importance of CHHs in the management of COVID-19 in children; because of the high frequency of mild to moderate cases, management by CHHs can reduce the care load in hospitals, providing enormous advantages on the familial, medical, social, and economic levels. These findings could be useful for suggesting a territorial rather than hospital-based strategy in pediatrics in the case of a new wave of the epidemic