Evolución de los parámetros de calidad (químicos y físicos) de la almendra ("variedad Guara) durante su crecimiento y maduración, influencia de la fertilización orgánica en cultivos de secano y regadío / Magdalena Valverde Pérez ; dirección Ramón Madrid Vicente, Felix Romojaro Almela.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 2711

Investigación en la escuela

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésmonográfico con el título: "Investigando las emociones"Se presenta un estudio realizado en el contexto de la formación inicial de maestros, en el que se analizan los logros del programa en didáctica de las ciencias experimentales, incluyendo la utilidad que tiene para promover cambios docentes durante las prácticas escolares. A través de dos cuestionarios se recogen las opiniones de 131 alumnos de tercer curso del Grado de Educación Primaria al finalizar su formación en ciencias y sus prácticas escolares. Los resultados muestran una valoración muy positiva del programa en didáctica de ciencias, con un claro posicionamiento de los alumnos sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias en primaria coherente con sus presupuestos teóricos, aunque persisten algunas ideas propias del modelo transmisivo en sus planteamientos metodológicos, así como, escasa incidencia en las actuaciones docentes que llevan a cabo durante las prácticas escolares. En ese contexto, el modelo de enseñanza tradicional percibido por los futuros maestros en las aulas y su bajo nivel de autoeficacia para realizar prácticas docentes innovadoras, parecen dificultar la conexión entre los conocimientos académicos y la práctica profesional.ES

Future teachers: what they think about their science education and what they do in their school practices

En el contexto de la formación inicial de maestros, se estudian los logros del programa en didáctica de las ciencias experimentales, incluyendo la utilidad que tiene para promover cambios docentes durante las prácticas escolares. Concretamente, hemos preguntado a los alumnos por los contenidos y actividades de formación del programa, sus ideas sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias en primaria y sobre lo que hacen cuando enseñan ciencias durante sus prácticas escolares. Para ello, utilizando dos cuestionarios, hemos recogido las opiniones de 131 alumnos de tercer curso del Grado de Educación Primaria al finalizar su formación en ciencias y sus prácticas escolares. Los resultados muestran una valoración muy positiva del programa en didáctica de ciencias, con un claro posicionamiento de los alumnos sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias en primaria coherente con sus presupuestos teóricos, aunque persisten algunas ideas propias del modelo transmisivo en sus planteamientos metodológicos, así como, escasa incidencia en las actuaciones docentes que llevan a cabo durante las prácticas escolares. En ese contexto, el modelo de enseñanza tradicional percibido por los futuros maestros en las aulas y su bajo nivel de autoeficacia para realizar prácticas docentes innovadoras, parecen dificultar la conexión entre los conocimientos académicos y la práctica profesionalWithin the context of the initial training of future teachers, the achievements of the program in Experimental Science teaching are assessed, including its usefulness to promote teaching changes during school practices. Specifically, students were asked about the contents and training activities of the program, their ideas about teaching science in Primary school and about what they do when they teach science during their school practices. For this purpose, the opinions of 131 future teachers who were in the 3rd. year of the Degree of Primary Education were collected by means of two questionnaires administrated at the end of their science training and school practices. Results show a very positive assessment of the Science teaching program. Future teachers maintain a clear position on Science education in Primary school consistent with the theoretical assumptions of Science program. On the other hand, the incidence of the teaching program in their teaching actions performed during school practices is scarce. In this context, the traditional teaching model perceived by future teachers in the classrooms, and their low level of self-efficacy to develop innovative teaching practices, seem to make it difficult to connect academic knowledge to professional practic

How Do Prospective Teachers Address Pupils’ Ideas during School Practices?

This paper assesses the coherence between the conceptions of prospective teachers about pupils’ ideas and how these are used in their educational proposals for primary school classrooms. For this purpose, three dimensions were analysed: The nature, utilisation, and change of ideas. In addition, two instruments were used: A questionnaire, to find out what prospective teachers think about pupils’ ideas, and the educational proposals they designed during their school practices. For the latter, qualitative content analysis was used to establish four levels according to the didactic approach on which they base the consideration of pupils’ ideas: Transmissive or the construction of ideas. The results show that, in all three dimensions, the conception of pupils’ ideas consistent with the construction of ideas orientation dominates. Nevertheless, their educational proposals do not show this orientation since the majority designed traditional educational proposals (Levels 1 and 2). Thus, there is no correlation between their conceptions about pupils’ ideas and how these are considered in their proposals. Besides, this analysis shows that an inadequate interpretation of the nature of pupils’ ideas could strongly condition how these ideas are considered in the teaching and learning process. The educational implications of these results in initial teacher training are discussed

How Do Prospective Teachers Address Pupils’ Ideas during School Practices?

This paper assesses the coherence between the conceptions of prospective teachers about pupils’ ideas and how these are used in their educational proposals for primary school classrooms. For this purpose, three dimensions were analysed: The nature, utilisation, and change of ideas. In addition, two instruments were used: A questionnaire, to find out what prospective teachers think about pupils’ ideas, and the educational proposals they designed during their school practices. For the latter, qualitative content analysis was used to establish four levels according to the didactic approach on which they base the consideration of pupils’ ideas: Transmissive or the construction of ideas. The results show that, in all three dimensions, the conception of pupils’ ideas consistent with the construction of ideas orientation dominates. Nevertheless, their educational proposals do not show this orientation since the majority designed traditional educational proposals (Levels 1 and 2). Thus, there is no correlation between their conceptions about pupils’ ideas and how these are considered in their proposals. Besides, this analysis shows that an inadequate interpretation of the nature of pupils’ ideas could strongly condition how these ideas are considered in the teaching and learning process. The educational implications of these results in initial teacher training are discussed

“Why Has the Water Turned Green?” A Problem of Eutrophication in Primary School

This paper analyses how 224 students from the fifth and sixth grade recognise the key aspects, i.e., the causes, consequences, and solutions of the eutrophication problem affecting the relevant ecosystem in their region. Two instruments were used: a report sheet in which students work through the causes and consequences associated with the problem; and a personal letter addressed to the competent authority, which proposes solutions. The results show that students from the sixth grade recognised more complete interconnections between the agricultural development of the area and the changes that occurred in the ecosystem. In the identification of the key phases of the eutrophication process, students from both courses presented similar difficulties. Regarding the solutions, some reluctance was observed to limit agricultural activity. This reveals that students’ social perceptions about the importance of agriculture for their region may be a possible influence on their solutions. Finally, five models were established regarding the understanding that students reach of the problem as a whole. More than half of students were included in the same model, comprising those who were able to adequately identify the causes and whole process of eutrophication, as well as those who defended the advantages of the proposed solution. Educational implications are discussed in this paper

Long-Term Effects of the Use of Organic Amendments and Crop Rotation on Soil Properties in Southeast Spain

The evolution of soil chemical properties over 20 years was monitored to assess the effects of the change in soil management from a rainfed to an irrigated model and the use of organic amendments and crop rotation. Intensive agriculture has been the activity that has caused most degradation and contamination of this soil. Long-term monitoring of the soil profile made it possible to assess its response to the application of sustainable agricultural techniques intended to offset these effects. Three profiles of the same soil were studied—P1 (1998), P2 (2003), P3 (2017)—to show the evolution in time and space. An incipient degradation process was detected in the first five years, verified by increases in salinity (2.3 dS m−1), exchangeable Na (0.5 g kg−1), and TN (1.3 g kg−1) in P2 in comparison with P1 (1.0, 0.2, and 1.1, respectively). There was also leaching towards the deep horizons for TN (0.4, 0.9, and 0.7 g kg−1 for P1, P2, and P3, respectively), and for assimilable elements such as P (1.1, 6.4, and 3.8), Fe (2.0, 2.1, and 5.6), Mn (0.3, 6.5, and 1.9), Zn (0.3, 0.5, and 0.9), and Cu (0.5, 0.6, and 1.3) (all mg kg−1, for P1, P2, and P3, respectively). Between 2004 and 2017, organic amendments (sheep manure) were reduced by 50%, crop rotation was intensified, and green fertilization and forage maize cultivation were included. As a result, P3 showed an improvement in comparison with P2, with decreases in EC (1.4 dS m−1), exchangeable Na (0.2 g kg−1), and TN (0.8 g kg−1). The change in soil management enhanced some soil functions (carbon sink and chemical fertility) and attenuated soil degradation

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present