Folgen sozialrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen für selbstbestimmtes Wohnen für Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung

Das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung und somit ebenfalls auf selbstbestimmtes Wohnen gehört zum Leben eines jeden Menschen. Dies gilt selbstverständlich auch für Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung. Die Gewährleistung dieses Rechtes ist jedoch nicht immer gegeben. Aus diesem Grund wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit den Fragen nachgegangen, was rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für selbstbestimmtes Wohnen für Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung sind, auf welchen Überlegungen entsprechende Gesetzestexte basieren, wie diese in ihrer Handhabung in den verschiedenen österreichischen Bundesländern aussehen und ob dadurch tatsächlich eine selbstbestimmte Lebensführung für Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung im Lebensbereich Wohnen ermöglicht wird. Am Beispiel des Landes Oberösterreich sollte versucht werden festzustellen, wie wirksam nationale Gesetze auf Landesebene sind. Dies sollte mittels leitfadengestützter Interviews mit Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung geklärt werden. Analysiert wurden die Interviews anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Anhand dieser Gespräche konnte herausgefunden werden, dass die interviewten Personen selbst kein Wissen über rechtliche Maßnahmen und Möglichkeiten haben. D.h. die intellektuell beeinträchtigten Menschen wussten selbst nicht über die ihnen zustehenden Möglichkeiten bescheid. Sie mussten sich dabei auf ihre Betreuer, Sachwalter und Angehörigen verlassen. Ob somit in diesem Zusammenhang überhaupt von Wirksamkeit der Gesetze gesprochen werden kann, ist fraglich. Vielmehr zeigen diese Interviews den hohen Bedarf an Beratung und Aufklärung auf

Upscaling in the sharing economy: insights from the UK

Aimed at academics, private businesses, investors and public sector bodies, this report develops a typology of upscaling models in the sharing economy across three key sectors: accommodation, transportation, and professional and personal services

EDUTEC 2007

La formación docente es una tarea imprescindible dentro de las instituciones educativas. La UNESCO lo expresa claramente en la Conferencia Mundial sobre educación superior para el sigloXXI: «Deberían tomarse medidas adecuadas en materia de investigación, así como de actualización y mejora de las competencias pedagógicas de los docentes» Las TICs, Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación, son una presencia ineluctable en estos tiempos de inicios del siglo XXI. Su impacto influye sobre todas las ramas del conocimiento, disciplinas, profesiones y actividades de la sociedad actual. También en el enriquecimiento de la educación. Ellas aportan numerosos beneficios a los docentes universitarios que repercuten, también, en beneficio para los alumnos, siempre que se utilicen dentro de un marco de planificación didáctica. Incluirlas en la tarea educativa se ha convertido en una necesidad propia de nuestros días.Considerando estas realidades, la Universidad Católica de Salta desarrolla acciones para capacitar a sus profesores en este sentido. El propósito de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre tanimportante necesidad y compartir una experiencia que se realiza dentro del seno de esta institución

The chemical basis of mate recognition in two parasitoid wasp species of the genus Nasonia

To recognize one's mate is essential for all sexually reproducing animals. In insects, mate recognition is often based on chemical cues such as hydrocarbons which are distributed over the insect's cuticle. In the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), interspecific mating possibly occurs in microsympatry between Nasonia vitripennis Walker and Nasonia giraulti Darling despite post-zygotic isolation mechanisms preventing hybridization. Males of N. vitripennis are known to equally court con- and heterospecific females, which they recognize by means of cuticular hydrocarbons. A recent study surprisingly showed that this might not be the case in N. giraulti, leaving open how males of this species achieve the recognition of mating partners. In this study, we investigated chemical mate recognition in N. giraulti in more detail and compared observed behaviors with behaviors of N. vitripennis by conducting experiments with both species concurrently and under the same experimental conditions. We disentangled the role of female-derived non-polar cuticular lipids – i.e., cuticular hydrocarbons – and more polar cuticular lipids in the ability of males to recognize con- and heterospecific females. In addition, we tested whether females of the two species discriminate similarly between con- and heterospecific males. We demonstrate that, in contrast to N. vitripennis, males of N. giraulti prefer live conspecific females over heterospecific ones. Furthermore, in contrast to N. vitripennis, mate recognition in N. giraulti males is not based on cuticular hydrocarbons, but rather involves other chemical messengers, presumably more polar cuticular lipids. In both species, discrimination against heterospecific males decreases with female age

Effect of two cleaning processes for bone allografts on gentamicin impregnation and in vitro antibiotic release.

Bone allografts are a useful and sometimes indispensable tool for the surgeon to repair bone defects. Microbial contamination is a major reason for discarding allografts from bone banks. To improve the number of safe allografts, we suggest chemical cleaning of the grafts followed by antibiotic impregnation. Comparison of two chemical cleaning processes for bone allografts aiming for antibiotic impregnation and consequently delivery rates in vitro. Bone chips of 5–10 mm were prepared from human femoral heads. Two cleaning methods (cleaning A and cleaning B) based on solutions containing hydrogen peroxide, paracetic acid, ethanol and biological detergent were carried out and compared. After the cleaning processes, the bone chips were impregnated with gentamicin. Bacillus subtilis bioassay was used to determine the gentamicin release after intervals of 1–7 days. Differences were compared with non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests. The zones of inhibition obtained from the bone grafts cleaned with both cleaning processes were similar between the groups. The concentration of the released antibiotic was decreasing gradually over time, following a similar pattern for both groups. The cleaning procedure A as well as the cleaning procedure B for bone allografts allowed the impregnation with gentamicin powder in the same concentrations in both groups. The delivery of gentamicin was similar for both groups. Both cleaning procedures were easy to be carried out, making them suitable for routine use at the bone banks

Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system

Aerosol pollution in urban areas is highly variable due to numerous single emission sources such as automobiles, industrial and commercial activities as well as domestic heating, but also due to complex building structures redirecting air mass flows, producing leeward and windward turbulences and resuspension effects. In this publication, it is shown that one or even few aerosol monitoring sites are not able to reflect these complex patterns. In summer 2019, aerosol pollution was recorded in high spatial resolution during six night and daytime tours with a mobile sensor platform on a trailer pulled by a bicycle. Particle mass loadings showed a high variability with PM$_{10}$ values ranging from 1.3 to 221 μg m$^{-3}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ values from 0.7 to 69.0 μg m$^{-3}$. Geostatistics were used to calculate respective models of the spatial distributions of PM$_{2.5}$ and PM10. The resulting maps depict the variability of aerosol concentrations within the urban space. These spatial distribution models delineate the distributions without cutting out the built-up structures. Elsewise, the overall spatial patterns do not become visible because of being sharply interrupted by those cutouts in the resulting maps. Thus, the spatial maps allow to identify most affected urban areas and are not restricted to the street space. Furthermore, this method provides an insight to potentially affected areas, and thus can be used to develop counter measures. It is evident that the spatial aerosol patterns cannot be directly derived from the main wind direction, but result far more from an interplay between main wind direction, built-up patterns and distribution of pollution sources. Not all pollution sources are directly obvious and more research has to be carried out to explain the micro-scale variations of spatial aerosol distribution patterns. In addition, since aerosol load in the atmosphere is a severe issue for health and wellbeing of city residents more attention has to be paid to these local inhomogeneities

Technological implementation of a photonic Bier-Glass cavity

In this paper, we introduce a novel quantum photonic device, which we term photonic Bier-Glass cavity. We discuss its fabrication and functionality, which is based on the coupling of integrated In(Ga)As quantum dots to a broadband photonic cavity resonance. By design, the device architecture uniquely combines the Purcell enhancement of a photonic micropillar structure with broadband photonic mode shaping of a vertical, tapered waveguide, making it an interesting candidate to enable the efficient extraction of entangled photon pairs. We detail the epitaxial growth of the heterostructure and the necessary lithography steps to approach a GaAs-based photonic device with a height exceeding 15 $\mu$m, supported on a pedestal that can be as thin as 20 nm. We present an optical characterization, which confirms the presence of broadband optical resonances, in conjunction with amplified spontaneous emission of single photons.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure