Types and circumstances of injury occurence at competitors practicing football

Introduction It is believed that football injuries account for up to 3% of all injuries that requires hospitalization. Often the cause of accidents is brutal and incompatible with the game. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sports injuries in football competitors in group of players from Złotoryjski Klub Sportowy. Material and methods The research material was a group of 25 male trainees actively football. The respondents were men aged 16 to 38 years old. Players train average 3 times a week for 90 minutes. In research was used the questionnaire of diagnostic sounding. The answers of the respondents were divided into categories and analyzed statistically. Test results In ZKS Górnik Złotoryja team the most common injuries occured on incorrectly prepared grass pitch, said the vast majority – 75%. In studied group the most common injury was sprain ankle which suffered 16 respondents which gives 41%, other suffered of back pain 13%, 11% suffed of hip-joint, 10% suffered of other injuries such as head injuries. Among other injuries, respondents mentioned: twisted knee-joint, twisted wrist, breaking shoulder, back pain, meniscus damage. Conclusions 1. Players in the vast majority suffered injuries of musculoskeletal system. 2. Due to nature of fooball the most vulnerable to injuries were lower limbs. 3. The most common injuries in surveyed group were sprains and bruises in lower limbs. 4. Among the circumstances in which players suffered injuries pointed on overtrain and direct clash with the opponent. Among technical reasons the most pointed was improperly prepared football pitch

Czytelnictwo wśród użytkowników Facebooka

Recent research on reading situation in Poland indicates decreasing interest in books among adults. This tendency is also supposedly followed by changes in reading models as well as different ways of reader-text interactions. Since internauts are generally believed to be a non-reading community, an online questionnaire for Facebook users was prepared, a group which is quite easy to reach, to get a better insight into the situation. The research was carried out between April 23rd and May 3rd 2011 on a group of 150 respondents. It focused on book reading and purchasing intensity, book choices, most commonly used book sources, reading traditional magazines, online magazines, e-books and using digital libraries. It was available in either Polish or English language version. A total of 138 respondents from Poland, USA, UK, Tunisia, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Germany, Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland took part, one origin unknown. Most of them (74,67%) were people between 17 and 35 years old, the eldest one being 77, the youngest 13. Out of 138 interviewees, 110 were women, over 76% lived in urban areas and declared their education level as higher (57,3%) or secondary (28,7%). The results proved surprisingly optimistic. Only 9 interviewees admitted that they had not read any books in the last 12 months, others read 0–2 or 3–5 books a month. Fantasy, suspense fiction and classical novels were the most popular among them. When asked about favourite titles, respondents listed mainly classics of world literature and popular bestsellers. Reviews as well as recommendations of family members or friends had the greatest influence on their reading choices. Almost 75% of survey participants bought books, usually once a month or once every few months, however, they preferred to borrow them from libraries or friends. Almost half of Polish respondents read e-books and online magazines, although they avoided using digital libraries. They also read traditional print magazines, especially political and social ones, women and popular science magazines. As the results show, reading still remains one of the most popular forms of spending free time for both interviewed Facebook users and other members of their communities. Books are also a popular subject of their conversations and discussions in both real and virtual space.Artykuł nie zawiera polskiego abstrakt

Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background: Disturbances in atrial microcirculation is recognized as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF).Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between circulating soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and the risk of AF and a one-year prognosis among consecutive inpatients.Methods: Eighty consecutive inpatients hospitalized due to non-valvular AF and 80 consecutive inpatients admitted for exacerbation of chronic coronary syndrome (control group) were enrolled in the study. A cardiologic workup was performed and blood sVCAM-1 concentration was determined using the ELISA method.Results: Patients with AF had similar blood sVCAM-1 concentration compared to the control group. AF patients treated with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were significantly less likely to have a sVCAM-1 concentration elevated above the median value than patients treated with warfarin (34.2% vs 65.8%; p = 0.01). Patients with an increased percentage of fat mass (FM) had lower sVCAM-1 concentration. The risk of all-cause mortality and MACE during follow-up rose in individuals with elevated sVCAM-1 (≥ 1242 and ≥ 587 ng/ml, respectively) with (OR; 95%CI): 5.39; 1.57-18.45; p = 0.007, and 6.00; 1.18-30.37; p = 0.03, respectively. Risk of death rose with increase in the ratio of sVCAM-1 and FM (1.02; 1.00-1.04; p = 0.019).Conclusions: Elevated sVCAM-1 was associated with all-cause mortality and MACE during one-year follow- up, but do not links the risk of AF. Use of NOACs may favorable affect endothelial function, A lower level of sVCAM-1 in obese patients may mediate the phenomenon of the “obesity paradox” in patients with AF

Mean value theorems

Praca przedstawia twierdzenia o wartościach średnich w rachunku różniczkowym, a także zespolone i całkowe twierdzenia o wartości średniej. Zawiera również przykłady, które pokazują jak łatwo udowodnić dane nierówności za pomocą jednego z tych twierdzeń, czyli twierdzenia Lagrange'a.The paper presents the theorem averages in calculus, as well as complex and integral mean value theorems. It also has examples that show how easily prove the inequality data using one of these claims, or claims Lagrange

Inequalities in the tasks of the mathematical olympiads and competitions

Nierówności - spojrzenie dydaktyczne (równania i nierówności w nauczaniu, częste błędy popełniane przez uczniów przy rozwiązywaniu nierówności, opis celów określonych w taksonomii Blooma, przegląd maturalnych zadań z nierównościami), metody rozwiązywania zadań z nierównościami, wybrane zadania z konkursów i olimpiad matematycznych.Inequalities - teaching insights (equations and inequalities in teaching, frequent mistakes made by students in solving inequalities, description of the objectives defined in the Bloom's taxonomy, review of matura tasks with inequalities), methods of solving problems with inequalities, selected tasks in mathematical olympiads and competitions

Investigation of Distribution Transformers Vibrations in Terms of Core and Winding Condition Assessment

This work refers to the criterion values used to assess the state of the active part of the transformer based on the analysis of the effective value of the total vibration acceleration and the frequency spectrum. It was proved in the work that the criteria values should be differentiated for transformers of different rated power. Transformers with lower rated power are characterized by lower RMS values of vibration acceleration than units with higher rated power, which cannot remain without impact on the criteria values. Trend analysis of the total aRMS values may reveal increasing defects before the currently applicable criteria values are exceeded. In addition, the influence of the position of the sensor on the frequency spectrum of the obtained signals was analyzed. It was proved that the sensors should be mounted in the middle of the transformer tank, between its lower part and the cover. The dependence of RMS value of vibration acceleration on no-load losses was also determined for transformers of different types but the same rated power. This relationship will not have a large share in the total vibrations of the transformer, due to slight changes in the value of aRMS occurring for all analyzed units

Corneal Behavior during Tonometer Measurement during the Water Drinking Test in Eyes with XEN GelStent in Comparison to Non-Implanted Eyes

Biomechanics of the cornea have significant influences on the non-contact measurement of the intraocular pressure. The corneal behaviour during tonometry is a fundamental factor in estimating its value. The aim of the study was to analyse the behaviour of the cornea during tonometric measurement with the forced change in intraocular pressure during the water drinking test. Ocular Response Analyser (Reichert) was used to the measurement. Besides four basic parameters connected with intraocular pressure (IOPg, IOPcc) and biomechanics (corneal hysteresis CH and corneal resistance factor (CRF), other parameters representing the behaviour of the cornea during a puff of air were analysed. There were 47 eyes included in the study, including 27 eyes with a XEN GelStent implanted and 20 without it. The eyes of people with monocular implementation were the reference group. The values of analysed parameters were compared before and after 10, 25, 40, and 55 min after drinking the water. The intraocular pressure increased by 2.4 mmHg (p < 0.05) for eyes with a XEN stent and 2.2 mmHg for eyes without a stent (p < 0.05) in the tenth minute after drinking of water. This change caused a decreasing of corneal hysteresis (p < 0.05) without significant changes in the corneal resistance factor (p > 0.05). Corneal hysteresis changed similarly in the reference group and the group with a XEN GelStent. The analysis of additional parameters showed a difference in the behaviour of the cornea in eyes with a XEN GelStent in comparison to the corneas of eyes without a stent. This was particularly visible in the analysis of the cornea’s behaviour during the second applanation, when the cornea returns to its baseline state after deformation caused by air puff tonometry

Advanced oxidation protein products — biological marker of oxidative stress = Zaawansowane produkty utleniania białek – biologiczne markery stresu oksydacyjnego

Cwynar Anna, Olszewska-Słonina Dorota, Czerniak Bartosz, Źyła Magdalena. Advanced oxidation protein products — biological marker of oxidative stress = Zaawansowane produkty utleniania białek – biologiczne markery stresu oksydacyjnego. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(9):597-603. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155059 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3885         The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 24.09.2016.       Advanced oxidation protein products — biological marker of oxidative stress Zaawansowane produkty utleniania białek – biologiczne markery stresu oksydacyjnego Anna Cwynar1, Dorota Olszewska-Słonina1, Bartosz Czerniak1, Magdalena Źyła2   1 Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy 2 Katedra Psychiatrii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy     ABSTRACT Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are mostly derivatives of oxidatively modified albumin. The results of many experimental studies confirm intensification of oxidative modifications of proteins and an increase in concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in different pathological conditions, particularly those with well documented involvement of oxidative stress in their etiopathogenesis, but also those where its role is not yet well understood. Currently intensive research is carried out on the possibility of using AOPPs as useful indicators for diagnosing, prognosis and monitoring of diseases.   Keywords: advanced oxidation protein products, autoimmune disease, oxidative stress   STRESZCZENIE Zaawansowane produkty utleniania białek (AOPPs), to najczęściej pochodne zmodyfikowanej oksydacyjnie albuminy. Wyniki licznych badań doświadczalnych potwierdzają nasilenie oksydacyjnych modyfikacji białek i wzrost stężenia zaawansowanych produktów utleniania białek (AOPPs) w różnych stanach patologicznych, szczególnie tych o dobrze udokumentowanym udziale stresu oksydacyjnego w ich etiopatogenezie, ale także takich, w których jego rola nie jest jeszcze dobrze poznana.. Obecnie trwają intensywne badania nad możliwością wykorzystania AOPPs, jako użytecznych wskaźników do diagnozowania, prognozowania oraz monitorowania chorób.   Słowa kluczowe: zaawansowane produkty utleniania białek, choroby autoimmunologiczne, stres oksydacyjn