Análise epidemiológica dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental da população brasileira: uma perspectiva de resiliência e adaptação

A pandemia de COVID-19 desencadeou uma série de impactos na saúde mental da população, levando a preocupações globais. Estudos prévios apontaram um aumento nos casos de transtornos mentais durante a pandemia. Investigar a tendência temporal das internações por distúrbios mentais e comportamentais, analisar a distribuição por sexo e idade, e discutir os possíveis impactos psicossociais da pandemia. Estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo e descritivo, utilizando dados do SIH/SUS de 2017 a 2023. Foram considerados os anos de 2017 a 2019 como pré-COVID-19, e 2021 a 2023 como pós-COVID-19. Foram analisadas as internações por faixa etária e sexo. Houve uma diminuição geral nas internações pós-pandemia, exceto no grupo de 1 a 19 anos, que apresentou aumento significativo. Em números absolutos, as internações por distúrbios mentais e comportamentais entre 2021 e 2023 foram de 45.048.054,30, representando 36,86% do total, enquanto entre 2017 e 2019 foram de 61.109.191,70, representando 50% do total. A redução proporcionalmente maior das internações entre os homens após a pandemia sugere uma possível mudança nos padrões de saúde mental de gênero. A variação nas internações por faixa etária indica que crianças e adolescentes foram afetados de forma distinta durante a pandemia. Os resultados apontam para uma adaptação dos padrões de saúde mental em resposta aos desafios da pandemia, destacando a necessidade de políticas e intervenções específicas para proteger a saúde mental dos jovens. É essencial promover a conscientização sobre saúde mental e continuar a pesquisa para desenvolver políticas eficazes de saúde mental pós-pandemia

Impacto dos inibidores de SGLT2 na qualidade de vida em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: revisão sistemática

A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade global, afetando cerca de 2 milhões de pessoas no Brasil anualmente. Os inibidores de SGLT2 surgem como uma opção terapêutica promissora para essa condição, devido à sua eficácia e capacidade de reduzir eventos adversos. Esta revisão sistemática com meta-análise investigou a eficácia desses medicamentos na qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente da presença de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ou fração de ejeção. O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto dos inibidores de SGLT2, considerando sua relevância emergente no tratamento da condição. Seguindo o protocolo PRISMA 2020, foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 no PubMed, com texto completo gratuito, usando os descritores 'SGLT2 inhibitors', 'heart failure' e 'hospitalization' no DeCS, com o operador booleano 'AND'. Dos 21.677 participantes, 10.840 (≅ 50,01%) receberam inibidores de SGLT2, resultando 1.444 eventos adversos (≅ 13,32%). No grupo placebo, com 10.837 participantes (≅ 49,99%), ocorreram 1.939 casos de desfechos (≅ 17,89%). A análise de risco relativo mostrou uma redução significativa nos eventos adversos no grupo de intervenção (RR: 0,74, IC 95% 0,70-0,79, p<0,01). Conclui-se que os inibidores de SGLT2 podem beneficiar pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente da presença de diabetes ou fração de ejeção

COVID-19 Hospitalization, Mortality, and Violence: Women’s Circumstances in the Context of the Pandemic in Brazil

This study outlines the rates of hospitalization, mortality, and violence for women in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to race/skin color/ethnicity. The study was developed with secondary data originating from official systems of information. The analysis of hospitalizations derives from data found in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe). The data on women’s mortality due to COVID-19 and violence was obtained from Mortality Information System (SIM), with consideration for the International Classification of Disease codes (ICD-10). Averages, proportions, gross rates, adjusted rates, and rate ratios were calculated by the authors. Of the COVID-19-related hospitalizations, the majority of those registered occurred among women 50 or older, with an average age of 58.8 years. A higher number of hospitalizations was observed among white women, especially those with at least a primary and middle school education. COVID-19 deaths and violent deaths from undetermined causes (UD) were proportionately higher for women over 50 years old. Deaths by homicide were proportionately higher for girls and women 10 to 49 years old. The average age at the time of death was found to be approximately 69 years old by COVID-19, 34 by homicide, and 62 by UD. Deaths due to COVID-19 and UD were more prevalent among white women, whereas deaths by homicide were proportionately higher for Black women. Women with a basic education were more frequent victims of COVID-19, homicide, and UD. In terms of hospitalization and death by COVID-19 and UD, a higher adjusted rate was observed for Black women compared to white women. Indigenous women represented the highest adjusted rate in terms of homicide, followed by Black women. Despite white women experiencing proportionately higher hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 and UD, the adjusted rates reveal that Black women are most at risk of sickness and death from these causes

In vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Tagetes erecta

The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil obtained from Tagetes erecta L. Asteraceae, leaves (TE-EO) collected in Brazil against Schistosoma mansoni worms are reported in this paper. The oil caused a significant decrease in the motor activity at 50 µg/mL as minimal concentration after 24 h. This oil also caused death of all the parasites and the separation of coupled pairs into individual male and female at 100 µg/mL after 24 h. The viability of adult worm groups treated with the TE-EO at 100 µg/mL was similar to that of groups treated with praziquantel (positive control). In addition, the oil promoted the inhibition of eggs development at all the tested concentrations. These data indicate that the TE-EO could be considered as a promising source for the development of new schistosomicidal agents

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Tratamento do calázio e novos ensaios clínicos para a oftalmologia: uma revisão integrativa

As lesões inflamatórias mais comuns na pálpebra são conhecidas como calázios, com uma prevalência variando entre 0,2% e 6%, e que ocorre com maior frequência durante a idade adulta, geralmente dos 30 aos 50 anos de idade. O objetivo do presente estudo de revisão é avaliar a eficácia clínica de novos estudos para o tratamento do calázio, documentados por meio de ensaios clínicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos; artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca de novos ensaios clínicos no tratamento do calázio. Ficou constatada a eficácia que a utilização de tratamentos conservadores, incluindo colírios e pomadas contendo antibióticos ou esteroides possuem no tratamento de primeira linha do calázio, além do fato de que oftalmologistas podem usar opções de tratamento invasivo, a exemplo da terapia cirúrgica, como terapia inicial naqueles pacientes que possuem lesões de longa data, em razão da maior refratariedade de tais pacientes aos métodos utilizados no tratamento conservador. Além disso, verificou-se a eficácia que a microblefaroesfoliação possui como método adjuvante e não invasivo no tratamento do calázio, com eficácia de quase 90% dos casos de calázio em comparação com a higiene palpebral realizada isoladamente

Caracterização da eletrodeposição de filmes finos de CdTe sobre Pt em meio ácido

RESUMO A eletrodeposição tem sido empregada para a obtenção de materiais semicondutores; todavia, ainda não estão bem esclarecidos os mecanismos envolvidos neste processo. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta a investigação deste processo, evidenciando a caracterização do CdTe eletrodepositado sobre substrato platina em solução ácida. A deposição ocorre a partir de 0,0 V, em relação ao eletrodo Ag/AgCl,KClsat, com etapas de controle ativado e de difusão. Os filmes finos de CdTe foram eletrodepositados sobre o substrato de platina a temperatura ambiente (~24°C) a partir de uma solução ácida. A influência do potencial aplicado foi investigada utilizando técnicas de caracterização de superfície, como a difração de raios X e Microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A caracterização elétrica foi realizada por medidas de capacitância (Mott-Schottky). Os filmes finos de CdTe apresentaram pico de maior intensidade no plano (220), demostrando ter um crescimento preferencial para esse plano. Os filmes apresentam uma morfologia granular influenciado pelo potencial de deposição e uma condutividade característica de um semicondutor tipo n

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions