The New EU Crowdfunding Regulation - Explanations & Perspectives

This article is for scholars and lawyers with the purpose of providing the reader with a legal introduction to the new EU legislation on crowdfunding (Regulation EU (2020/1503) on European crowdfunding service providers for business (hereinafter the “ECSPR”)). The article focuses on key legal topics and aspects of the ECSPR, and seeks to provide perspectives, where applicable, of how the provisions of the ECSPR can be assessed from existing legislation of the EU Member States, mainly in a Danish law perspective. The authors are finance lawyers and will on the article include examples from practical legal application based in their experience

Vehicle Delay-Driven Passenger Delay Modelling: An Agent-Based Copenhagen Case Study

Travel time of passengers is often uncertain due to lack of punctuality of public transport services. Whereas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data makes it easy to measure the punctuality of public transport vehicles themselves, calculating door-to-door passenger punctuality is challenging, as both the intended and realised routes of passengers have to be considered. This study introduces a MATSim mesoscopic simulation framework for evaluating passenger punctuality caused by vehicle delays in the railway system in the metropolitan area of Copenhagen. Based upon empirical train delay data for 65 weekdays in the autumn of 2014, the model shows that passenger punctuality is considerably smaller than train punctuality, with 17.8% of the passengers using the railway system being delayed more than a minute compared to their intended plan

Use of Peptide Arrays for Identification and Characterization of LIR Motifs

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Methods in Molecular Biology. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8873-0_8The mammalian ATG8 proteins (LC3A-C/GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GABARAPL2) are small ubiquitin-like proteins critically involved in macroautophagy. Their processed C-termini are posttranslationally conjugated to a phosphatidylethanolamine moiety, enabling their insertion into the lipid bilayers of both the inner and outer membranes of the forming autophagosomes. The ATG8s bind a diverse selection of proteins including cargo receptors for selective autophagy, members of the core autophagy machinery, and other proteins involved in formation, transport, and maturation (fusion to lysosomes) of autophagosomes. Protein binding to the ATG8s is in most cases mediated by short, conserved sequence motifs known as LC3-interacting regions (LIRs). Here, we present a protocol for identifying putative LIR motifs in a whole protein sequence using peptide arrays generated by SPOT synthesis on nitrocellulose membranes. The use of two-dimensional peptide arrays allows for further identification of specific residues critical for LIR binding

Proposing a central AEC ontology that allows for domain specific extensions

In the last years, several ontologies focused on structuring domain-specific information within the scope of Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) have emerged. Several of these individual ontologies redefine core concepts of a building already specified in the publicly available ontology ersion of the ISO standardised Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema, thereby violating the W3C best practice rule of minimum redundancy. The voluminous IFC schema with origins in a closed world assumption is likewise violating this rule by redefining concepts abou time, location, units, etc. already available from other sources, and it is furthermore violating the rule of keeping ontologies simple for easy maintenance. Based on all the available ontologies, we propose a simple Building Topology Ontology (BOT) only covering the core concepts of a building, and three methods for extending this with domain-specific ontologies. This approach makes it (1) possible to work with a limited set of core building classes, and (2) extend thoses as needed towards specific domain ontologies that are in hands of business professionals or domain-specific standardisation bodies, such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), buildingSMART, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and so forth

Vasopressin-dependent flank marking in golden hamsters is suppressed by drugs used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND: Alterations in arginine vasopressin regulation and secretion have been proposed as one possible biochemical abnormality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In golden hamsters, arginine vasopressin microinjections into the anterior hypothalamus trigger robust grooming and flank marking, a stereotyped scent marking behaviors. The intensity and repetition of the behaviors induced by arginine vasopressin is somewhat reminiscent of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in humans. The present experiments were carried out to test whether pharmacological agents used to alleviate obsessive compulsive disorder could inhibit arginine vasopressin-induced flank marking and grooming. RESULTS: Male golden hamsters were treated daily for two weeks with either vehicle, fluoxetine, clomipramine, or desipramine (an ineffective drug), before being tested for arginine vasopressin-induced flank marking and grooming. Flank marking was significantly inhibited in animals treated with fluoxetine or clomipramine but unaffected by treatment with desipramine. Grooming behavior was not affected by any treatment. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that arginine vasopressin-induced flank marking may serve as an animal model for screening drugs used in the control of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder