Decision Aids for Airborne Intercept Operations in Advanced Aircrafts

A tactical decision aid (TDA) for the F-14 aircrew, i.e., the naval flight officer and pilot, in conducting a multitarget attack during the performance of a Combat Air Patrol (CAP) role is presented. The TDA employs hierarchical multiattribute utility models for characterizing mission objectives in operationally measurable terms, rule based AI-models for tactical posture selection, and fast time simulation for maneuver consequence prediction. The TDA makes aspect maneuver recommendations, selects and displays the optimum mission posture, evaluates attackable and potentially attackable subsets, and recommends the 'best' attackable subset along with the required course perturbation

Preparation and Characterization of Isosorbide Mononitrate Hydrogels Obtained by Free-Radical Polymerization for Site-Specific Delivery

Purpose: To prepare and characterize acrylic acid and ethyl cellulose hydrogels of isosorbide mononitrate for site-specific delivery.Methods: Free radical polymerization method was employed using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and N, N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinked copolymer of ethyl cellulose and acrylic acid. Benzyl peroxide and N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide in varying amounts were dissolved in acrylic acid. The two solutions were mixed together to a final weight of 100 g. Hydrogels were evaluated for sol-gel characteristics, diffusion coefficient, and porosity. Hydrogel formation was examined by FTIR while drug loading efficiency study was carried out using 1 % (w/v) drug solution.Results: Swelling and drug release decreased with increasing acrylic acid and MBA concentrations due to high degree of crosslinking. Increasing acrylic acid content of hydrogel produced a decrease in drug release from 29.89 to 25.79 %, 75.37 to 67.87 % and 84.91 to 75.85 % at pH 1.2, 6.5 and 7.5, respectively. Remarkably, high swelling was observed at higher pH. Gel fraction and porosity results showed that acrylic acid and crosslinker raised gel fraction but reduced porosity, while ethyl cellulose exhibited a reverse effect. FTIR confirmed graft copolymer formation.Conclusion: Isosorbide mononitrate hydrogels prepared with crosslinked copolymer of ethyl cellulose and acrylic acid can be suitably formulated for targeted delivery of the drug to the small intestine.Keywords: N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide, Ethyl cellulose, Acrylic acid, Isosorbide mononitrate, Free radical polymerization, Graft copolymer, Site-specific delivery, Hydrogel, pH-sensitiv

Development of a single combined microencapsulated formulation of allopurinol and nimesulide and investigation of their release behaviours

The aim of this study was to develop a single combined once-daily sustained release microencapsulated dosage form of Allopurinol and Nimesulide using Ethyl cellulose as release controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per various release kinetic models. In order to achieve required sustained release profile, microparticles were prepared using coacervation thermal change technique. The formulated microparticles were also characterized by physical and chemical parameters and results were found in acceptable limits. Different dissolution models were applied to drug release data in order to evaluate release mechanisms and kinetics. The drug release data fit well to the Higuchi expression. Drug release mechanism was found as a complex anomalous one

A comparison of fluoroquinolones versus other antibiotics for treating enteric fever: meta-analysis

Objectives To review evidence supporting use of fluoroquinolones as first line agents over other antibiotics for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever)

Enhancing Smart Cities with IoT and Cloud Computing: A Study on Integrating Wireless Ad Hoc Networks for Efficient Communication

شهدت المدن الذكية تطورا جوهريا زاد من امكانياتها بشكل كبير .في الواقع ، لقد أتاحت التطورات الحديثة في انترنت الاشياء (IOT) فرصا جديدة من خلال حل عدد  من المشاكل الحرجة والتي ادت الى ابتكار المدن الذكية بالاضافة الى انشاء و حوسبة الخدمات و التطبيقات المتطورة للعديد من  المجاميع المطورة في المدينة . من اجل تعزيز تنمية المدن الذكية بأتجاه التواصل و المشاركة ،تركز هذه الدراسة على التطور في مجال المعلوماتية في ضوء انترنت الاشياء (IOT) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) .جمعت بيانات انترنت الاشياء والتي تخص المدن الذكية بشكل متجانس . اصبح انترنت الاشياء الذي يسمح بتواصل الاشخاص مع بعضهم ممكنا باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي .بناءا على ذلك ،استخدمنا (ARF) في حسابات الذكاء الاصطناعي .للتبسيط ،ننصح باستخدام تخصيص اصول الالة الافتراضية للحوسبة السحابية التكيفية (ACC-VMRA ) .لتاكيد جدواها ،سنفحص و نضاعف كيفية تطبيق تطورات انترنت الاشياء (IOT ) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) في المدن الذكية.تظهر نتائج التجربة ان حساب التحسين الموصى به اكثر انتاجية من الطرق الاخرى المستخدمة حاليا.Smart cities have recently undergone a fundamental evolution that has greatly increased their potentials. In reality, recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have created new opportunities by solving a number of critical issues that are allowing innovations for smart cities as well as the creation and computerization of cutting-edge services and applications for the many city partners. In order to further the development of smart cities toward compelling sharing and connection, this study will explore the information innovation in smart cities in light of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing (CC). IoT data is first collected in the context of smart cities. The data that is gathered is uniform. The Internet of Things, which enables gadgets to connect with one another mostly without human involvement, is made possible by AI. In line with this, The Ad Hoc Routing Function (ARF) AI computation is used for multi-rule simplification, the use of Adaptive Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Asset Allotment Technique (ACC-VMRA) is advised. To confirm its viability, the applied developments of IoT and CC in smart cities is examined and duplicated. The experiment results show that the recommended enhancement calculation is more productive than other currently used methods

Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Controlled Delivery of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Doxorubicin for Breast Cancer Therapy

Background: Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) for the controlled delivery of hydrophilic doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX.HCl) and lipophilic DOX base have been fabricated by the single step modified nanoprecipitation method. Materials and methods: Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glicolide) (PLGA), lecithin, and 1,2-distearoyl-Sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG 2000) were selected as structural components. Results: The mean particle size was 173–208 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 17.8±1.9 to 43.8±4.4% and 40.3±0.6 to 59. 8±1.4% for DOX.HCl and DOX base, respectively. The drug release profile was in the range 33–57% in 24 hours and followed the Higuchi model (R2,=0.9867–0.9450) and Fickian diffusion (n<0.5). However, the release of DOX base was slower than DOX.HCl. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies and confocal imaging showed safety, good biocompatibility, and a higher degree of particle internalization. The higher internalization of DOX base was attributed to higher permeability of lipophilic component and better hydrophobic interaction of particles with cell membranes. Compared to the free DOX, the DOX.HCl and DOX base loaded LPHNPs showed higher antiproliferation effects in MDA-MB231 and PC3 cells. Conclusion: Therefore, LPHNPs have provided a potential drug delivery strategy for safe, controlled delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic form of DOX in cancer cellsPeer reviewe

Development of in vitro-in vivo correlation for nimesulide loaded ethylcellulose microparticles

A predictive in vitro-invivo correlation (IVIVC) can empower in vitro dissolution as a surrogate for in vivo bioavailability / bioequivalence. IVIVCs can decrease regulatory burden by decreasing the number of biostudies required in support of a drug product. The present study concerns the establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlation for three different sustained release nimesulide loaded ethylcellulose microparticulate formulations (M1, M2 and M3) and conventional tablet (100 mg Nimaran®-Novartis, Pakistan). In vitro dissolution study was conducted in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 stirred at 50 rpm and 37 ± 0.5ºC. A validated HPLC method was adopted to conduct bioavailability studies in young healthy human volunteers. Ultimately IVIVC of prepared microparticles and conventional tablet was established using Wagner-Nelson method. M1 and M2 formulations and Nimaran® exhibited good linear IVIVC (R2 = 0.9220, 0.9124, 0.8728, respectively) as compared to M3 (R2 = 0.9449). The results substantiate the success of this mathematical simulation study encourage researchers to conduct biowaiver studies for other BCS class II drugs.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire