Probing the Impact of Porosity on Swelling Kinetics of Hydrophilic Matrices

The aim of the present investigation was to understand the swelling behaviour of HPMC and PEO-based matrices and to evaluate the impact of porosity on the swelling kinetics. It was noticed that the HPMC has higher swelling rates but both undergo diffusion oriented swelling mechanism. It could also the concluded that the porosity has a marked influence in the development of gel layer on the surface of these matrices

Formulasi Matriks Transdermal Pentagamavunon-0 dengan Kombinasi Polimer Pvp K30 dan Hidroksipropil Metilselulosa

Transdermal delivery system is one of the delivery system for Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) to avoid the high intensity of first pass metabolism of PGV-0 in peroral route. The purpose of this research was to optimize the formula of PGV-0 transdermal matrix with a combination of PVP K30 and HPMC polymers.The simplex lattice optimization approach of the transdermal matrix formulas was performed by using Design Expert 7.1.5 software. The visual appearance, weight, thickness, moisture content, moisture uptake, folding endurance, drug content, and dissolution efficiency of the release profil of PGV-0 from the matrix for 6 hours were evaluated as responses to determine optimum formula of matrix. The result showed that a combination of PVP K30 and HPMC polymers had a significant influence on the visual appearance, moisture content, and dissolution efficiency of PGV-0. Combination of 1.98% of PVP K30 and 4.52% of HPMC as the optimum formula could produce homogeneous and flexible matrix with moisture content of 3.21%. The dissolution efficiency was 9.11%, indicating that 101.93 µg of PGV-0 was released from the optimum formula during 6 hours

Tribo-electrification and Powder Adhesion Studies in the Development of Polymeric Hydrophilic Drug Matrices

The generation of tribo-electric charge during pharmaceutical powder processing can cause a range of complications, including segregation of components leading to content uniformity and particle surface adhesion. This phenomenon becomes problematical when excipients are introduced to a powder mixture alongside the highly charging active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the tribo-electric charging and adhesion properties of a model drug, theophylline. Moreover, binary powder mixtures of theophylline with methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), having different polymer to drug ratios, were formed in order to study the impact of polymer concentration, particle size, substitution ratio and molecular size on the tribo-electric charging and surface adhesion properties of the drug. Furthermore, the relationship between tribo-electric charging and surface adhesion was also studied. The diversity in physicochemical properties of MC/HPMC has shown a significant impact on the tribo-electric charging and adhesion behaviour of theophylline. It was found that the magnitude of electrostatic charge and the level of surface adhesion of the API were significantly reduced with an increase in MC and HPMC concentration, substitution ratios and molecular size. In addition, the tribo-electric charge showed a linear relationship with particle surface adhesion, but the involvement of other forces cannot be neglected

Hydrophilic Matrices for Oral Control Drug Delivery

Oral controlled drug delivery has gathered tremendous attention over the years due to its many advantages over conventional dosage forms. Polymer-based matrices have become an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry. Hydrophilic matrices are capable of controlling the release of drug over an extended period of time. Hydrophilic polymers, especially the hydrophilic derivatives of cellulose ethers, are frequently used for these applications. Therefore, the objective of this review is to discuss the scientific and physicochemical aspects of these polymeric systems that can affect the drug release from such formulation

FORMULASI MATRIKS TRANSDERMAL PENTAGAMAVUNON-0 DENGAN KOMBINASI POLIMER PVP K30 DAN HIDROKSIPROPIL METILSELULOSA

Abstract: Transdermal delivery system is one of the delivery system for Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) toavoid the high intensity of first pass metabolism of PGV-0 in peroral route. The purpose of this researchwas to optimize the formula of PGV-0 transdermal matrix with a combination of PVP K30 and HPMCpolymers.The simplex lattice optimization approach of the transdermal matrix formulas was performed byusing Design Expert 7.1.5 software. The visual appearance, weight, thickness, moisture content, moistureuptake, folding endurance, drug content, and dissolution efficiency of the release profil of PGV-0 from thematrix for 6 hours were evaluated as responses to determine optimum formula of matrix. The resultshowed that a combination of PVP K30 and HPMC polymers had a significant influence on the visualappearance, moisture content, and dissolution efficiency of PGV-0. Combination of 1.98% of PVP K30and 4.52% of HPMC as the optimum formula could produce homogeneous and flexible matrix withmoisture content of 3.21%. The dissolution efficiency was 9.11%, indicating that 101.93 g of PGV-0 wasreleased from the optimum formula during 6 hours.Keywords : Pentagamavunon-0, Transdermal matrix, PVP K30, HPM

Tribo-electric Charging and Adhesion of Cellulose Ethers and their Mixtures with Flurbiprofen

The pervasiveness of tribo-electric charge during pharmaceutical processing can lead to the exacerbation of a range of problems including segregation, content heterogeneity and particle surface adhesion. The excipients, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and methylcellulose, are often used in drug delivery systems and so it is important to understand the impact of associated factors on their charging and adhesion mechanisms, however, little work has been done. Such phenomena become more prominent when excipients are introduced to a powder mixture alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs) with inter- and intra-particulate interactions giving rise to electrification and surface adhesion of powder particles. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of material attributes (particle size, hydroxypropyl (Hpo) to methoxyl (Meo) ratio and molecular size) on the charging and adhesion characteristics of cellulose ethers. Furthermore, poorly compactible and highly electrostatically charged drug, flurbiprofen, was used to develop binary powder mixtures having different polymer to drug levels. Subsequently, a relationship between tribo-electric charging and surface adhesion was studied. Charge was induced on powder particles and measured using a custom built device based on a shaking concept consisting of a Faraday cup connected to electrometer. The diversity in physicochemical properties has shown a significant impact on the tribo-electric charging and adhesion behaviour of MC and HPMC. Moreover, the adhesion and electrostatic charge of the API was significantly reduced when MC and HPMC were incorporated. Moreover, tribo-electric charging shows a linear relationship (R2= 0.81-0.98) with particle surface adhesion, however, other factors were also involved. It is anticipated that such reduction in charge and particle surface adhesion would improve flow and compaction properties during processing

Appraisal of acute oral toxicity of glucuronoxylan hydrogel from Mimosa pudica seeds

Glucuronoxylan hydrogel (GXH) isolated from M. pudica seeds was assessed for acute toxicology in albino mice that were alienated into four groups. Three groups, i.e., II, III and IV received GXH at a dose of 1, 2 and 5 g/kg, respectively while group I was retained untreated and provided routine diet. After administering GXH, mice were examined for vomiting, diarrhea, allergy and tremors for 8 h. All animals were carefully observed for food and water consumption at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 day after administering GXH. At the end of studies, blood samples were drawn for investigation of hematological and biochemical parameters. All animals were sacrificed, relative body weight of vital organs was calculated and their histopathology was studied. It was concluded that there was insignificant difference in body weight, behavioral pattern, food and water intake among treated and control groups. Haematology and biochemistry of blood samples from all groups were found analogous. Histopathological evaluation of vital body organs exhibited no lesions in all groups. Ocular, cardiac and dermal safety of GXH was also established on albino rabbits

Appraisal of acute oral toxicity of glucuronoxylan hydrogel from Mimosa pudica seeds

Glucuronoxylan hydrogel (GXH) isolated from M. pudica seeds was assessed for acute toxicology in albino mice that were alienated into four groups. Three groups, i.e., II, III and IV received GXH at a dose of 1, 2 and 5 g/kg, respectively while group I was retained untreated and provided routine diet. After administering GXH, mice were examined for vomiting, diarrhea, allergy and tremors for 8 h. All animals were carefully observed for food and water consumption at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 day after administering GXH. At the end of studies, blood samples were drawn for investigation of hematological and biochemical parameters. All animals were sacrificed, relative body weight of vital organs was calculated and their histopathology was studied. It was concluded that there was insignificant difference in body weight, behavioral pattern, food and water intake among treated and control groups. Haematology and biochemistry of blood samples from all groups were found analogous. Histopathological evaluation of vital body organs exhibited no lesions in all groups. Ocular, cardiac and dermal safety of GXH was also established on albino rabbits

Cross-linked Chitosan-Sodium Sulfate Matrix Systems Using Gel Casting Method for Sustained Drug Release of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride

The purpose of this study was to design a chitosan matrix systems made with cross-linking agents that targets control release of anticancer drug. Chitosan (CS) with cross-linking agent sodium sulfate (SS) was used for entrapping the model drug Doxorubicin Hydrochloride (DOX) through novel gel casting method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), swelling index, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies were also done for physicochemical characterization of the formulations. Statistically significant different t50% and MDT values were noted between SS (5% w/v), SS (10% w/v) matrix systems and the control, as well as between SS (5% w/v) matrix systems and all the other formulations at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. DOX release was slower in matrix systems without Explotab® and also at higher dissolution media pH (7.4). Statistically significant dissimilarity was observed between the control and the SS (5% w/v) f2 = 11.32±2.54; SS (10% w/v) f2 = 12.16±0.82 at pH 7.4. The findings of the study suggested that the matrix formulation is a promising carrier for DOX delivery