Yessotoxin, a Marine Toxin, Exhibits AntiAllergic and Anti-Tumoural Activities Inhibiting Melanoma Tumour Growth in a Preclinical Model

Yessotoxins (YTXs) are a group of marine toxins produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera. They may have medical interest due to their potential role as anti-allergic but also anti-cancer compounds. However, their biological activities remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that the small molecular compound YTX causes a slight but significant reduction of the ability of mast cells to degranulate. Strikingly, further examination revealed that YTX had a marked and selective cytotoxicity for the RBL-2H3 mast cell line inducing apoptosis, while primary bone marrow derived mast cells were highly resistant. In addition, YTX exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the human B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell line MEC1 and the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. To analyse the potential role of YTX as an anti-cancer drug in vivo we used the well-established B16F10 melanoma preclinical mouse model. Our results demonstrate that a few local application of YTX around established tumours dramatically diminished tumour growth in the absence of any significant toxicity as determined by the absence of weight loss and haematological alterations. Our data support that YTX may have a minor role as an anti-allergic drug, but reveals an important potential for its use as an anti-cancer drugDr. Araceli Tobio Ageitos was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Fundación Juana de Vega, Spain. Dr. Iris Madera-Salcedo was supported by an International collaboration grant between ANR France (ANR-12-ISV3-0006-01) and Conacyt Mexico (Conacyt-ANR 188565). This research project has been supported by the Investissements d’Avenir programme ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d’excellence INFLAMEX, and DHU Fire. This work was also supported by the COST Action BM1007 (Mast cells and basophils–targets for innovative therapies) of the European CommunityS

Supervivencia del injerto y pacientes postrasplante renal de un hospital de Yucatán, México

Introducción: El trasplante de órganos es considerado como uno de los mayores avances de la medicina, no solo por recuperar la salud, sino por mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con enfermedades crónicas o terminales. Objetivo: Identificar la supervivencia del injerto y pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal, así como los factores asociados en un Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Material y Método: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo donde se analizó el 100% de los expedientes disponibles de pacientes con trasplante renal, cuyo procedimiento se realizó a partir de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: La supervivencia global de los pacientes, fue de 96,7% a 1 año (IC:95%: 0,92-0,99) y 90,7% a 5 años (IC:95%: 0,75-0,97). La administración de terapia inmunosupresora previa al trasplante es un factor independiente de protección frente al desenlace de mortalidad o fallo del injerto (p=0,02). La supervivencia del injerto fue de 79,2% a 1 año (IC:95%: 0,71-0,85), y 41,37% a 5 años (IC:95%: 0,27-0,54). La dislipidemia (p=0,01), la Diabetes Tipo 2 (p=0,09), la isquemia fría (p=0,01), la isquemia caliente (p=0,02), la edad (p=0,03), y el Índice de Masa Corporal (p=0,01) fueron determinantes de la supervivencia del injerto. Conclusiones: La supervivencia del paciente y del injerto son distintas. La administración de inmunosupresor previo al trasplante afecta la supervivencia del paciente; mientras que factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los tiempos de isquemia estuvieron ligados a la supervivencia del injerto

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Fortalecer habilidades sociales en niñas y adolescentes vinculados al Centro de Atención Integral a Víctimas de Abuso Sexual a través de estrategias formativas para la construcción de un proyecto de vida /

Un CD-Rom(790 KB) : fotografías, tablas; 12 cmEste proyecto de intervención se orienta a trabajar con las niñas y adolescentes, víctimas de un presunto delito sexual del centro de atención integral a víctimas de abuso sexual (CAIVAS), ya que se precisa de actividades que permitan abordar la necesidad de reparación de este fenómeno que es latente en nuestra sociedad y atenta contra los derechos de los niños, principalmente de su intimidad, los efectos que deja esta realidad son notables y se encadenan a la vida de las niñas y adolescentes a lo largo de su vida sino se les brinda una atención. La idea de este proyecto se enfatiza en la importancia de rescatar la visión futuristas de las víctimas, desarrollando sus habilidades para la construcción de un proyecto de vida, por lo que se pretende fomentar actividades dinámicas y participativas que serán sustentadas por varias teorías que fundamentan la propuesta.PregradoTrabajador SocialTrabajo de grado(Trabajo Social) --Corporación Universitaria del Caribe – CECAR, Facultad de Humanidades Y Educación. Programa de Trabajo Social. Diplomado de Atención psicosocial con enfoque de género, Sincelejo, 2016

Yessotoxin, a Marine Toxin, Exhibits Anti-Allergic and Anti-Tumoural Activities Inhibiting Melanoma Tumour Growth in a Preclinical Model.

Yessotoxins (YTXs) are a group of marine toxins produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera. They may have medical interest due to their potential role as anti-allergic but also anti-cancer compounds. However, their biological activities remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that the small molecular compound YTX causes a slight but significant reduction of the ability of mast cells to degranulate. Strikingly, further examination revealed that YTX had a marked and selective cytotoxicity for the RBL-2H3 mast cell line inducing apoptosis, while primary bone marrow derived mast cells were highly resistant. In addition, YTX exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the human B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell line MEC1 and the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. To analyse the potential role of YTX as an anti-cancer drug in vivo we used the well-established B16F10 melanoma preclinical mouse model. Our results demonstrate that a few local application of YTX around established tumours dramatically diminished tumour growth in the absence of any significant toxicity as determined by the absence of weight loss and haematological alterations. Our data support that YTX may have a minor role as an anti-allergic drug, but reveals an important potential for its use as an anti-cancer drug

Vesicular trafficking and signaling for cytokine and chemokine secretion in mast cells

Upon activation mast cells (MC) secrete numerous inflammatory compounds stored in their cytoplasmic secretory granules (SG) by a process called anaphylactic degranulation, which is responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses. Prestored mediators include histamine and mast cell proteases but also some cytokines and growth factors making them available within minutes for a maximal biological effect. Degranulation is followed by the de novo synthesis of lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes as well as a vast array of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, which are responsible for late phase inflammatory responses. While lipid mediators diffuse freely out of the cell through lipid bilayers, both anaphylactic degranulation and secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors depends on highly regulated vesicular trafficking steps that occur along the secretory pathway starting with the translocation of proteins to the ER. Vesicular trafficking in mast cells also intersects with endocytic routes, notably to form specialized cytoplasmic granules called secretory lysosomes. Some of the mediators like histamine reach granules via specific vesicular monoamine transporters directly from the cytoplasm. In this review, we try to summarize the available data on granule biogenesis and signaling events that coordinate the complex steps that lead to the release of the inflammatory mediators from the various vesicular carriers in mast cells

Effect of YTX on MEC1 and B16F10 cell line viability.

<p>The MEC1 and B16F10 cell lines were incubated with 10, 30, 50 and 100nM YTX for the indicated times and cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay at the indicated time points. Corresponding controls with YTX solvent were performed and cell viability was arbitrarily set to 100%. Of note, solvent did not significantly affect cell viability as compared to non-treated cells even at the highest concentration of vehicle. Data are the mean ± SEM of three experiments. Significant differences between untreated and YTX-treated cells: (*) p≤0.05, (**) p≤0.01 and (***) p≤0.001.</p