An immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocytic infiltrations in canine skin cancers

Lymphocytic infiltrations located in the extracellular matrix often accompany canine skin cancer. They can be characterised as an inflammatory infiltration and/or a second tumour – lymphoma. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of a lymphocytic infiltration which accompanies spontaneous skin cancer. Twenty basal cell carcinoma, 20 non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, 20 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 8 sebaceous gland carcinoma samples which were accompanied by a lymphocytic infiltration and/or secondary lymphatic follicles were verified histopathologically. The expression of bcl-2, CD3, CD79α, Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 in the lymphocytic infiltration was evaluated. Four types of lymphocytic infiltrations were found: I – diffuse bcl-2⁺, II – diffuse bcl-2⁻, III – follicular bcl-2⁺/⁻ where the centre was bcl-2⁻, and the marginal zone of the follicles and the extrafollicular area were bcl-2⁺ and IV – aggregated bcl-2⁺, where the centre and periphery were bcl-2⁺. The I and IV type corresponds to lymphoma, II type is non-neoplastic immune response and III type suggest reactive follicular hyperplasia. The proliferation of lymphocytes which demonstrated the expression of neoplastic markers (I and IV), suggests preneoplastic phase (pseudolymphoma) or lymphoma – the second independent tumour. A high proliferative index of the follicular blc-2⁺/⁻ follicular infiltration indicates an increased immunological response of the host against skin cancer

Morphological analysis of testicles in cats with disorders of sex development

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are rare in cats. They can be caused by chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations or other undefined factors. The aim of the present study was to compare the histological structure and immunohistochemical reactivity of testes in cats with DSD and in healthy cats. The research material consisted of the gonads of four cats – phenotypic males with an incorrect structure of the reproductive system. The control group consisted of the testes of four healthy cats – routinely castrated phenotypical males. The material was fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin; the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The immunohistochemical investigation were performed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against desmin, vimentin, actin of smooth muscles, S100 protein and MCM3 protein. The results obtained allow concluding that the testes of cats with DSD differed in certain respects, mainly in the number of blood vessels, from the normal testes. Moreover, the results of immunohistochemical examination indicate that in the testes of cats with DSD the number of supporting cells is lower, the amount of interstitial cells is comparable and spermatogenesis is correct es compared to those determined in the control gonads. The number of blood vessels in cats with DSD is reduced by about 30%. It confirms the recommendations for castration of these animals in order to eliminate the potential inheritance of sex development disorders

Immunohistochemical diagnostic of hibernoma in dog

The diagnosis of hibernoma is uncommon in veterinary medicine. In this report, we present an attempt to confirm hibernoma diagnosed in dogs by applying immunohistochemical tests routinely used in human pathology i.e. antibodies specific to protein S100, protein CD31, or smooth muscle actin (SMA)

Comparative analysis of markers of cell proliferation in canine mast cell tumours according to current classifications

The study aimed at immunohistochemical analysis of various markers of cell proliferation and comparison of the results with canine mast cell tumours grading systems according to the Patnaik and Kiupel. Tissue sections were stained using classical technique with haematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical studies were performed with Ki-67, PCNA and MCM-3 antibodies. Additionally the mitotic index was assessed. Statistical analysis including rank correlation Spearman's and ANOVA Friedman analysis was performed. The significance was set at p<0.05. Expression of all examined antigens was detected. The results obtained allow concluding that there is a strong relationship between all the cell markers. However, due to the very strong response and positive reaction in the majority of tumours PCNA is not recommended as a prognostic indicator. Ki-67 and MCM-3 can be successfully used in the evaluation of canine mast cell tumours

Magnesium deficiency inhibits primary tumor growth but favors metastasis in mice

The results of several experimental and epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between Mg status and the risk of some cancers. However, relationship between magnesium and cancer is complex. The aim of our work was to examine the precise effect of Mg deficiency on transplantable mouse tumor growth and metastasis. The results obtained indicate a significant retardation of primary tumor growth (up to 70%) in mice receiving Mg-deficient diet. However, Mg repletion caused in these mice significant increase of primary tumor burden. Analysis of cell cycle distribution showed a reduced percentage of cells in the S phase and an increase of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle in LLC tumors caused by Mg deficiency. This is in agreement with the effect of low Mg level on cell growth observed in vitro. Interestingly, in mice inoculated with LLC cells and receiving low-magnesium diet, a higher metastatic potential was observed as compared to control mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a direct role of magnesium in tumor growth and also point at deleterious effect of low magnesium status on tumor metastasis

Preparing for the future Survey of Cleveland County Council staff opinion

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