4,481 research outputs found
Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site
RNA editing by members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzyme family involves hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine within the context of a double-stranded pre-mRNA substrate. Editing of the human GluR-B transcript is catalyzed by, the enzyme ADAR2 at the Q/R and R/G sites. We have established a minimal RNA substrate for editing based on the RIG site and have characterized the interaction of ADAR2 with this RNA by gel shift, kinetic, and cross-linking analyses. Gel shift analysis revealed that two complexes are formed on the RNA as protein concentration is increased; the ADAR monomers can be crosslinked to one another in an RNA-dependent fashion. We performed a detailed kinetic study of the editing reaction; the data from this study are consistent with a reaction scheme in which formation of an ADAR2.RNA ternary complex is required for efficient RNA editing and in which formation of this complex is rate determining. These observations suggest that RNA adenosine deaminases function as homodimers on their RNA substrates and may partially explain regulation of RNA editing in these systems
Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2009
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The Mechanics of Fluid - Particle Systems
The study of the interaction of particles moving relative to fluids has had a long history and has led to many useful operations particularly in modern agriculture. Of special interest is the trajectory of particles and crop components but, until recently, it has not been possible to easily determine these. However with the recent publication of a trajectory plotting system and an associated monograph giving examples of its application, this need has now been met.Both should find ready application in education, research and design in the agricultural engineering industries. Copies of the trajectory plotting program and the associated monograph can be obtained at the addresses given in Section 4 below
High-efficiency GaAs concentrator space cells
High efficiency Al sub x Ga sub 1-x As/GaAs heteroface solar concentrator cells have been developed for space applications. The cells, which were grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), have been fabricated in both the p-n and n-p configurations. Magnesium and zinc are used as the p-type dopants, and Se is used as the n-type dopant. The space cells, which are designed for use in a Cassegrainian concentrator operating at 100 suns, AMO, have a circular illuminated area 4 mm in diameter on a 5 mm by 5 mm cell. These cells have exhibited flash-tested efficiencies as high as 23.6 percent at 28 C and 21.6 percent at 80 C
Development of a New Lewis Acid-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement: The Allenoate-Claisen Rearrangement
A new Lewis acid-catalyzed Claisen rearrangement has been developed that allows the stereoselective construction of β-amino-α,β,ε,ζ-unsaturated-γ,δ-disubstituted esters from simple allylic amines and allenoate esters. This reaction, which is contingent upon the use of Lewis acid, can be conducted with a range of metal salts (Yb(OTf)_3, AlCl_3, Sn(OTf)_2, Cu(OTf)_2, MgBr_2·Et_2O, FeCl_3, Zn(OTf)2) with catalyst loadings as low as 5 mol %. This catalytic process provides access to a diverse range of β-amino-α,β,ε,ζ-unsaturated-γ,δ-disubstituted esters in high yield and with excellent levels of diastereoselectivity for a series of allyl pyrrolidines (R_1 = H, Me, i-Pr, Ph, NR_2 = pyrrolidine, piperidine, Nme_2; ≥81% yield, ≥94:6 syn:anti) and allenoate esters (R_2 = H, Me, i-Pr, Ph, allyl, NPht, Cl; ≥75% yield, ≥91:9 syn:anti). The capacity of this new Claisen rearrangement to provide catalytic access to elusive structural motifs has also been demonstrated in the stereospecific formation of quaternary carbon bearing frameworks arising from geranyl- and neryl pyrrolidine (≥93% yield, >98:2 dr)
Rapid access to Asp/Glu sidechain hydrazides as thioester precursors for peptide cyclization and glycosylation
Head-to-sidechain macrocylic peptides, and neoglycopeptides,
were readily prepared by site-specific amidation of aspartic and
glutamic acid sidechain hydrazides. Hydrazides, serving as latent
thioesters, were introduced through regioselective opening of the
corresponding Na-Fmoc protected anhydride precursors
The Existence of Sterile Neutrino Halos in Galactic Centers as an Explanation of the Black Hole mass - Velocity Dispersion Relation
If sterile neutrinos exist and form halos in galactic centers, they can give
rise to observational consequences. In particular, the sterile neutrinos decay
radiatively and heat up the gas in the protogalaxy to achieve hydrostatic
equilibrium, and they provide the mass to form supermassive blackholes. A
natural correlation between the blackhole mass and velocity dispersion thus
arises with and .Comment: Accepted in Ap
Expanding the scope of ligand substitution from [M(S2C2Ph2] (M = Ni2+, Pd2+, Pt2+) to afford new heteroleptic dithiolene complexes
The scope of direct substitution of the dithiolene ligand from [M(S2C2Ph2)2] [M = Ni2+ (1), Pd2+ (2), Pt2+ (3)] to produce heteroleptic species [M(S2C2Ph2)2Ln] (n = 1, 2) has been broadened to include isonitriles and dithiooxamides in addition to phosphines and diimines. Collective observations regarding ligands that cleanly produce [M(S2C2Ph2)Ln], do not react at all, or lead to ill-defined decomposition identify soft σ donors as the ligand type capable of dithiolene substitution. Substitution of MeNC from [Ni(S2C2Ph2)(CNMe)2] by L provides access to a variety of heteroleptic dithiolene complexes not accessible from 1. Substitution of a dithiolene ligand from 1 involves net redox disproportionation of the ligands from radical monoanions, –S•SC2Ph2, to enedithiolate and dithione, the latter of which is an enhanced leaving group that is subject to further irreversible reactions
Exploring the use of strategic frameworks in dental practice
This paper explores the use of strategic frameworks in NHS and private dental practice. It reviews the policy context of dentistry and suggests the challenges in this context will require dental practices to prioritise understanding and engagement with a strategic approach. A strategic approach will be required in order to enhance and improve performance. Two specific strategic frameworks will be explored in terms of their relevance to NHS and private dental practic
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