Mathematical electron model and the SI unit 2017 Special Adjustment

Following the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures are fixed the numerical values of the 4 physical constants ($h, c, e, k_B$). This is premised on the independence of these constants. This article discusses a model of a mathematical electron from which can be defined the Planck units as geometrical objects (mass M=1, time T=2$\pi$ ...). In this model these objects are interrelated via this electron geometry such that once we have assigned values to 2 Planck units then we have fixed the values for all Planck units. As all constants can then be defined using geometrical forms (in terms of 2 fixed mathematical constants, 2 unit-specific scalars and a defined relationship between the units $kg, m, s, A$), the least precise CODATA 2014 constants ($G, h, e, m_e, k_B$...) can then be solved via the most precise ($c, \mu_0, \alpha, R_\infty$), with numerical precision limited by the precision of the fine structure constant $\alpha$. In terms of this model we now for example have 2 separate values for elementary charge, calculated from ($c, \alpha, R_\infty$) and the 2017 revision

Programming Planck units from a virtual electron; a Simulation Hypothesis (summary)

The Simulation Hypothesis proposes that all of reality, including the earth and the universe, is in fact an artificial simulation, analogous to a computer simulation, and as such our reality is an illusion. In this essay I describe a method for programming mass, length, time and charge (MLTA) as geometrical objects derived from the formula for a virtual electron; $f_e = 4\pi^2r^3$ ($r = 2^6 3 \pi^2 \alpha \Omega^5$) where the fine structure constant $\alpha$ = 137.03599... and $\Omega$ = 2.00713494... are mathematical constants and the MLTA geometries are; M = (1), T = ($2\pi$), L = ($2\pi^2\Omega^2$), A = ($4\pi \Omega)^3/\alpha$. As objects they are independent of any set of units and also of any numbering system, terrestrial or alien. As the geometries are interrelated according to $f_e$, we can replace designations such as ($kg, m, s, A$) with a rule set; mass = $u^{15}$, length = $u^{-13}$, time = $u^{-30}$, ampere = $u^{3}$. The formula $f_e$ is unit-less ($u^0$) and combines these geometries in the following ratio M$^9$T$^{11}$/L$^{15}$ and (AL)$^3$/T, as such these ratio are unit-less. To translate MLTA to their respective SI Planck units requires an additional 2 unit-dependent scalars. We may thereby derive the CODATA 2014 physical constants via the 2 (fixed) mathematical constants ($\alpha, \Omega$), 2 dimensioned scalars and the rule set $u$. As all constants can be defined geometrically, the least precise constants ($G, h, e, m_e, k_B$...) can also be solved via the most precise ($c, \mu_0, R_\infty, \alpha$), numerical precision then limited by the precision of the fine structure constant $\alpha$

Making Friends & Enemies: Public Relations at Memorial University College, 1925-1950

During its first quarter-century, Memorial University College, established in the 1920s, seems to have been particularly adept at skilful manipulation of public relations. The principal method was advertising made believable in the guise of news, published at regular intervals in the daily newspapers. Only very few criticisms of the college, concerning allegedly inadequate science or an allegedly disloyal professor during wartime, were broadcast, and those that were publicized were easily deflected. Judging from the published histories of other Canadian institutions, Memorial took more pains than were common elsewhere to carefully regulate and safely navigate the potentially difficult gown/town intersection

The assay of Rochelle salt

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1940The author has reported in a previous paper, the results of an investigation of the United States Pharmacopoeia XI method for the assay of Rochelle salt. In this investigation, it was found that all samples of Rochelle salt bought on the market, were below standard requirement by the official method, were below standard requirement when assayed by the official method. The United States Pharmacopocia XI requires that Rochelle salt contain no less that 99 percent of KNaC4H6O6.4H2O. The results obtained indicated that the samples assayed were close to 90 percent. To account for this discrepancy the following possibilites were considered as probable explanations; (1) the official method gives erroneous results, (2) the samples were not of standard quality, and (3) the requirements were too high. Since the samples assayed were from large chemical companies, and all of them gave the same result, it was assumed that these samples were very likely representative of the Rochelle salt available, and would be of standard quality. References were fiven to the literature where it is reported that it is difficult to obtain pure crystals of potassium and sodium tartrate. When the salt is crystallized by the usual method, it was found the product obtained was a mixture of potassium and sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate and sodium tartrate

Open Research, Research Culture and Research Integrity

 How Research Integrity, Research Culture, and Open Research overlap and interac

Episodic memory and age-related deficits in inhibitory effectiveness

Background/Study Context: Age-related deficits in inhibitory control are well established in some areas of cognition, but evidence remains inconclusive in episodic memory. Two studies examined the extent to which a loss in inhibitory effectiveness—as measured by the extent of retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF)—is only detectable in (1) the very old, and (2) that a failure to control for noninhibitory mechanisms can lead to the misinterpretation of intact inhibition in episodic memory in the very old.  Methods: In Study 1, the authors employed a modified independent cue test—to provide as clean a measure of inhibitory functioning as possible—and examined whether there were significant differences in inhibitory effectiveness between younger-old (60–64years), old (65–69years), and older-old (70–74years) adults. In Study 2, the authors directly manipulated the contribution of output interference (a noninhibitory mechanism) to RIF in a group of young adults (18–34years), old (61–69years), and older-old (70–85years) adults.  Results: In Study 1, both younger-old (60–64years) and old (65–69years) adults demonstrated RIF on the modified independent cue test but older-old (70–74years) adults did not. In Study 2, all age groups demonstrated RIF in conditions where output interference was promoted. However, when output interference was controlled, only the young (18–34years) and old (61–69years) age groups demonstrated RIF; the older-old (70–85years) age group did not.  Conclusions: The findings suggest that inhibitory functioning remains intact in older adults under the age of 70years. However, a misleading impression can be formed of inhibitory effectiveness in adults over the age of 70 when memory tests do not exclude the use of noninhibitory processes, such as output interference. These two issues may partly explain the previous inconclusive findings regarding inhibitory deficits in normal aging