Spirotetramat resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its association with the presence of the A2666V mutation

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.BACKGROUND: Chemicals are widely used to protect field crops against aphid pests and aphid-borne viral diseases. One such species is Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a global pest that attacks a broad array of agricultural crops and transmits many economically damaging plant viruses. This species has evolved resistance to a large number of insecticide compounds as a result of widespread and repeated chemical use in many parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the evolution of resistance to a new plant protection product, spirotetramat, following reported chemical control failures. RESULTS: Our study provides clear phenotypic and genotypic evidence of spirotetramat resistance in populations of M. persicae from Australia. We show there is cross-resistance to other insecticides within the same chemical group, namely spiromesifen and spirodiclofen. We also demonstrate that resistance is associated with the previously reported mutation, A2226V in the target site of spirotetramat, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Our genetic analysis found all resistant M. persicae populations belong to the same multi-locus clonal type and carry the A2226V mutation, which appears to be inherited as a dominant trait in this species. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new insight into the resistance conferred by A2226V and have implications for the control of M. persicae in Australia and worldwide. A diagnostic assay developed in this study should serve as a valuable tool for future resistance monitoring and to support the implementation of pest management strategies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.Grains Research and Development CorporationBayer CropScienceBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC

Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae

Abstract: The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host–plant associations, uncovering the widespread co‐option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Plural imagination: diversity in mind and making

This is the author accepted manuscriptThe experience of visual mental imagery—seeing in the mind’s eye—varies widely between individuals, but perhaps because we tend to assume our own way of thinking to be everyone’s, how this crucial variation impacts art practice, and indeed art history, has barely been addressed. We seek to correct this omission by pursuing the implications of how artists with aphantasia (the absence of mental imagery) and hyperphantasia (imagery of extreme vividness) describe their working processes. The findings remind us of the need to challenge normative, universalizing models of art making and art maker.Arts and Humanities Research Counci

The neural correlates of visual imagery: a co-ordinate-based meta-analysis

Visual imagery is a form of sensory imagination, involving subjective experiences typically described as similar to perception, but which occur in the absence of corresponding external stimuli. We used the Activation Likelihood Estimation algorithm (ALE) to identify regions consistently activated by visual imagery across 40 neuroimaging studies, the first such meta-analysis. We also employed a recently developed multi-modal parcellation of the human brain to attribute stereotactic co-ordinates to one of 180 anatomical regions, the first time this approach has been combined with the ALE algorithm. We identified a total 634 foci, based on measurements from 464 participants. Our overall comparison identified activation in the superior parietal lobule, particularly in the left hemisphere, consistent with the proposed ‘top-down’ role for this brain region in imagery. Inferior premotor areas and the inferior frontal sulcus were reliably activated, a finding consistent with the prominent semantic demands made by many visual imagery tasks. We observed bilateral activation in several areas associated with the integration of eye movements and visual information, including the supplementary and cingulate eye fields (SCEFs) and the frontal eye fields (FEFs), suggesting that enactive processes are important in visual imagery. V1 was typically activated during visual imagery, even when participants have their eyes closed, consistent with influential depictive theories of visual imagery. Temporal lobe activation was restricted to area PH and regions of the fusiform gyrus, adjacent to the fusiform face complex (FFC). These results provide a secure foundation for future work to characterise in greater detail the functional contributions of specific areas to visual imagery

The distribution of the number of nodes in the relative interior of the typical I-segment in homogeneous planar anisotropic STIT Tessellations

summary:A result about the distribution of the number of nodes in the relative interior of the typical I-segment in homogeneous and isotropic random tessellations stable under iteration (STIT tessellations) is extended to the anisotropic case using recent findings from Schreiber/Thäle, Typical geometry, second-order properties and central limit theory for iteration stable tessellations, arXiv:1001.0990 [math.PR] (2010). Moreover a new expression for the values of this probability distribution is presented in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric function ${_2F_1}$