DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO DO SETOR SAÚDE NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIANA (PE)

This article presents a diagnosis of the health care network in Goiana in the state of Pernambuco. The main reason for choosing this area is the rapid process of socio-spatial transformations resulting from various industrial enterprises that are setting up in its territory. The research approach was qualitative and quantitative, using techniques of social participation in the debates of issues and construction of results. We found that the health sector in the city has a quite deficient structure. This is a worrying fact since there is a trend of population growth in the short term. Also improvement proposals and creation of local public policies have been suggested. We conclude that the diagnostic process based on participation is a valuable tool for planning and local management of the health sector, because it provides the empowerment of local people about their problems and the strategies to face them.Este artigo objetiva apresentar um diagnóstico sobre a rede de atenção à saúde no município de Goiana no Estado de Pernambuco. A principal razão da escolha desta área é o rápido processo de transformações socioespaciais decorrentes de vários empreendimentos industriais que estão se instalando no seu território. A abordagem de investigação foi quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando-se de técnicas de participação social nos debates da problemática e construção dos resultados. Verificamos que o setor saúde no município possui uma estrutura bastante deficitária. Este é um fato preocupante, pois existe uma tendência de aumento populacional no curto prazo. Também foram sugeridas propostas de aperfeiçoamento e criação de políticas públicas locais. Concluímos que o processo de diagnóstico pautado na participação é um valioso instrumento para o planejamento e a gestão local do setor saúde, porque propicia o emponderamento da população local sobre os seus problemas e as estratégias para o enfrentamento dos mesmos

Cultura material escolar nas escolas radiofônicas de Bragança: entre permanências e inovações pedagógicas (1960-1970)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a cultura material escolar nas escolas radiofônicas de Bragança e a constituição das permanências e inovações pedagógicas, no período de 1960 - 1970. Metodologicamente, utilizamos a abordagem da Nova História Cultural como análise sobre o uso dos materiais escolares e as representações de educação dos sujeitos sobre esses materiais no cotidiano das salas de aula. Foram identificados três tipos de escolas: uma que funcionava na casa da monitora; outra em um barracão de palha; e a última em uma escola municipal. A cultura material escolar, nesta instituição escolar, está constituída pelos seguintes materiais: materiais de escrita (giz e lápis com borracha); materiais de suporte de escrita (quadro negro, cartaz, cadernos e folhas de papel sem pauta); mobílias (mesas de madeiras toscas e bancos retangulares de madeiras); materiais de leitura (pequenos textos e relatórios); materiais de iluminação (lamparinas de pressão, lampiões e aladins); indumentárias dos alunos (roupas de chita artesanal e algodão); materiais de proteção (palhas de Inajás e Babaçu); material de comunicação e ensino (intitulado como rádio cativo). Esses materiais permitiram identificar as permanências e inovações pedagógicas. Concluiu-se que os materiais escolares produziram representações críticas, emancipatórias e evangelizadoras cuja finalidade era alfabetizar os jovens e adultos das escolas radiofônicas de Bragança, Estado do Pará

Educação Empreendedora: uma análise da metodologia do ensino de empreendedorismo no ensino médio do IFCE, Câmpus Cedro

Entrepreneurial education (EE) is very comprehensive and can improve students' ways of learning. Therefore, it is important to provide students with practices and experiences that are part of the development of entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, this study corresponds to an excerpt from the dissertation on this topic, with a bibliographical basis inspired by the principles of the pedagogies of John Dewey, Paulo Freire and Joseph Schumpeter. Thus, this research sought to investigate the methodology used in teaching entrepreneurship in integrated high school. The technical procedure used was a case study, with a qualitative approach and participatory research, containing primary and secondary data sources, bibliographic review and analysis of the researched data. The results point to traditional teaching methods based mainly on content exposure, limitations of pedagogical approaches, themes, practical experiences, reduced workload and entrepreneurial experiences that can be improved to stimulate students.A Educação Empreendedora (EE) é muito abrangente e pode aprimorar as formas de aprendizagens dos discentes. Por isso, é importante possibilitar ao aluno práticas e vivências que fazem parte do desenvolvimento do comportamento empreendedor. Desse modo, este estudo corresponde a um recorte da dissertação que aborda esse tema, com embasamento bibliográfico inspirado nos princípios das pedagogias de John Dewey, Paulo Freire e Joseph Schumpeter. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou investigar a metodologia utilizada no ensino do empreendedorismo no ensino médio integrado. O procedimento técnico utilizado foi um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa participante, contendo fontes de dados primárias e secundárias, revisão bibliográfica e análise dos dados pesquisados. Os resultados apontam métodos de ensino tradicionais baseados principalmente na exposição de conteúdo, nas limitações de abordagens pedagógicas, nas temáticas, nas experiências práticas, na carga horária reduzida e nas vivências empreendedoras que podem ser aprimoradas para estimular os alunos.

Comparison of postmenopausal endogenous sex hormones among Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and non-Japanese Brazilians

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Differences in sex hormone levels among populations might contribute to the variation in breast cancer incidence across countries. Previous studies have shown higher breast cancer incidence and mortality among Japanese Brazilians than among Japanese. To clarify the difference in hormone levels among populations, we compared postmenopausal endogenous sex hormone levels among Japanese living in Japan, Japanese Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo, and non-Japanese Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a control group of case-control studies in Nagano, Japan, and São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were postmenopausal women older than 55 years of age who provided blood samples. We measured estradiol, estrone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone and free testosterone by radioimmunoassay; bioavailable estradiol by the ammonium sulfate precipitation method; and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoradiometric assay. A total of 363 women were included for the present analyses, comprising 185 Japanese, 44 Japanese Brazilians and 134 non-Japanese Brazilians.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Japanese Brazilians had significantly higher levels of estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, estrone, testosterone and free testosterone levels, and lower SHBG levels, than Japanese. Japanese Brazilians also had significantly higher levels of bioavailable estradiol, estrone and DHEAS and lower levels of SHBG and androstenedione than non-Japanese Brazilians. Levels of estradiol, testosterone and free testosterone, however, did not differ between Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians. These differences were observed even after adjustment for known breast cancer risk factors. We also found an increase in estrogen and androgen levels with increasing body mass index, but no association for most of the other known risk factors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found higher levels of estrogens and androgens in Japanese Brazilians than in Japanese and levels similar to or higher than in non-Japanese Brazilians. Our findings may help explain the increase in the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer among Japanese Brazilians.</p

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA DE FRANGOS TIPO CAIPIRA ALIMENTADOS COM DIETAS CONTENDO FARINHA DE RAÍZES DE MANDIOCA

O experimento objetivou avaliar o rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais e vísceras comestíveis de frangos tipo caipira alimentados com rações contendo farinha de raízes de mandioca (FRM) como fonte energética alternativa ao milho. Para tanto, dividiram-se, aleatoriamente, trezentos e vinte pintos, metade de cada sexo, em quatro tratamentos representados por rações isonutritivas com diferentes níveis de substituição de milho por FRM (0%, 18%, 36% e 53%). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x2 (quatro níveis de inclusão de FRM e dois sexos), com quatro repetições por tratamento e vinte aves por unidade experimental. Aos 84 dias, as aves foram pesadas e abatidas após jejum de seis horas e, em seguida, sangradas, depenadas e evisceradas para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça, cortes e órgãos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a substituição de milho por FRM reduziu significativamente o peso ao abate, mas não afetou o rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais ou vísceras comestíveis e promoveu redução no acúmulo de gordura abdominal, podendo ser uma alternativa satisfatória quando a redução no custo da ração compensar a diminuição no peso final das aves. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Alimentos alternativos, avicultura, mandioca, rendimento de carcaça.

Hope and trust in times of Zika: the views of caregivers and healthcare workers at the forefront of the epidemic in Brazil.

This article investigates how hope and trust played out for two groups at the forefront of the Zika epidemic: caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome and healthcare workers. We conducted 76 in-depth interviews with members of both groups to examine hope and trust in clinical settings, as well as trust in public institutions, in the health system and in the government of Brazil. During and after the Zika epidemic, hope and trust were important to manage uncertainty and risk, given the lack of scientific evidence about the neurological consequences of Zika virus infection. The capacity of healthcare workers and caregivers to trust and to co-create hope seems to have allowed relationships to develop that cushioned social impacts, reinforced adherence to therapeutics and enabled information flow. Hope facilitated parents to trust healthcare workers and interventions. Hope and trust appeared to be central in the establishment of support networks for caregivers. At the same time, mistrust in the government and state institutions may have allowed rumours and alternative explanations about Zika to spread. It may also have strengthened activism in mother's associations, which seemed to have both positive and negative implications for healthcare service delivery. The findings also point to distrust in international health actors and global health agenda, which can impact community engagement in future outbreak responses in Brazil and other countries in Latin America

Evaluation of polymorphisms in toll-like receptor genes as biomarkers of the response to treatment of Erythema nodosum leprosum

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an inflammatory complication caused by a dysregulated immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Some Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as capable of recognizing antigens from M. leprae, triggering a wide antimicrobial and inflammatory response. Genetic polymorphisms in these receptors could influence in the appearance of ENL as well as in its treatment. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the association of genetic variants of TLRs genes with the response to treatment of ENL with thalidomide and prednisone. A total of 162 ENL patients were recruited from different regions of Brazil and clinical information was collected from their medical records. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and saliva samples and genetic variants in TLR1 (rs4833095), TLR2 (rs3804099), TLR4 (rs1927914), and TLR6 (rs5743810) genes were genotyped by TaqMan real-time PCR system. In order to evaluate the variants’ association with the dose of the medications used during the treatment, we applied the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis. In the present sample, 123 (75.9%) patients were men and 86 (53.1%) were in treatment for leprosy during the ENL episode. We found an association between polymorphisms in TLR1/rs4833095, TLR2/rs3804099, TLR4/rs1927914, and TLR6/rs5783810 with the dose variation of thalidomide in a time-dependent manner, i.e.,the association with the genetic variant and the dose of the drug was different depending on the moment of the treatment evaluated. In addition, we identified that the association of polymorphisms in TLR1/rs4833095, TLR2/rs3804099, and TLR6/rs5783810 with the dose variation of prednisone also were time-dependent. Despite these associations, in all the interactions found, the influence of genetic variants on dose variation was not clinically relevant for therapeutic changes. The results obtained in this study show that TLRs polymorphism might play a role in the response to ENL treatment, however, in this context, they could not be considered as useful biomarkers in the clinical setting due small differences in medication doses. A larger sample size with patients with a more genetic profile is fundamental in order to estimate the association of genetic variants with the treatment of ENL and their clinical significance