The Banning of Extremist Political Parties as a Measures of Neo-militant Democracy: The Experience of Post-communist States

The paper aims to determine which political parties in post-communist countries were considered hostile to the system and evaluate the systems' capacity to eliminate their enemies with political party banning. The analysis overs Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary. The study covers the period from their democratization to 2020

Exponentiation in QED and quasi-stable charged particles

In this note we present a new exponentiation scheme of soft photon radiation from charged quasi-stable resonances. It generalizes the well established scheme of Yennie, Frautschi and Suura. While keeping the same functional form of an exponent, the new scheme is both exact in its soft limit and accounts properly for the kinematical shift in resonant propagators. We present the scheme on an example of two processes: a toy model of single W production in $e\nu$ scattering and the W pair production and decay in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation. The latter process is of relevance for the planned FCCee collider where high precision of Monte Carlo simulations is a primary goal. The proposed scheme is a step in this directio

Ograniczanie prawa do zgromadzeń w nowych demokracjach opancerzonych na przykładzie Marszu Niepodległości 2019 we Wrocławiu1

Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na dwa pytania: W jaki sposób w nowych demokracjach opancerzonych dochodzi do ograniczenia prawa do zgromadzeń? Co wynika z takiego sposobu ograniczenia prawa do zgromadzeń dla istoty nowych demokracji opancerzonych? Przedmiotem zainteresowania Autora był Marsz Niepodległości, zorganizowany w 2019 r. we Wrocławiu. Postawiona została następująca hipoteza: limitacji prawa do zgromadzeń, gwarantowana w systemach legislacyjnych współczesnych demokracji, ma służyć realizacji nadrzędnego celu militant democracy. W procesie tym wyjątkową rolę spełniają funkcjonariusze Policji, odpowiadający za skuteczną realizację decyzji właściwych władz. W poszczególnych częściach Autor omawia m.in.: istotę prawa do zgromadzeń i jego miejsce w prawie międzynarodowym i polskim porządku prawnym, limitacje tego prawa, a także proces rozwiązania wrocławskiego Marszu Niepodległości w 2019 r.The aim of article is this paper is to answer two questions: How in new militant democracy authority banning the right to assemble? What results from this kind of limitation right to assemble for the essence of new militant democracy? An object of interest for an Author is Independence Day March in Wrocław, 2019. The research process proposes a hypothesis that banning the right to assemble, including in systems of legislation in modern democracies will reach the principle goal of militant democracy. In this process, we can indicate the special role of police officers, who are responsible for achieving local authority’s decisions. In each part of the paper, the author discusses the essence of the right to assemble and its function in international law and polish legislation order, limitation of this right and process of quit Independence Day March in Wrocław, 2019

Use of 3D organoids as a model to study idiopathic form of Parkinsons disease

Organoids are becoming particularly popular in modeling diseases that are difficult to reproduce in animals, due to anatomical differences in the structure of a given organ. Thus, they are a bridge between the in vitro and in vivo models. Human midbrain is one of the structures that is currently being intensively reproduced in organoids for modeling Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thanks to three-dimensional (3D) architecture and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation into organoids, it has been possible to recapitulate a complicated network of dopaminergic neurons. In this work, we present the first organoid model for an idiopathic form of PD. iPSCs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers and patients with the idiopathic form of PD by transduction with Sendai viral vector. iPSCs were differentiated into a large multicellular organoid-like structure. The mature organoids displayed expression of neuronal early and late markers. Interestingly, we observed statistical differences in the expression levels of LIM homeobox transcription factor alpha (early) and tyrosine hydroxylase (late) markers between organoids from PD patient and healthy volunteer. The obtained results show immense potential for the application of 3D human organoids in studying the neurodegenerative disease and modeling cellular interactions within the human brain

The muon anomalous magnetic moment in QED: three-loop electron and tau contributions

We present an analytic calculation of electron and tau O(alpha^3) loop effects on the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Computation of such three-loop diagrams with three mass scales is possible using asymptotic and eikonal expansions. An evaluation of a new type of eikonal integrals is presented in some detail.Comment: 9 pages, late