Orale Bioverfügbarkeit von Flavonoiden sowie deren Effekte auf den Stoffwechsel und den antioxidativen Status beim neugeborenen Kalb

Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with numerous health-promoting properties. The feeding industry widely use flavonoids as ʽgreenʼ feed supplements even scientific evidence of their value are often hypothetical. Due to their high susceptibility to diseases, the use of flavonoids in neonatal calves might be especially useful. However, to determine biological effects in vivo, flavonoids must be systemically available in calves, but this is not known yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine BV and their biological effects of the most abundant flavonoids quercetin and catechin in neonatal calves. In part one of the study, calves (n = 7 per group) were fed quercetin as aglycone or as glucorhamnoside rutin or no flavonoid (control group) on d 2 and 29 of life. Blood samples were taken in defined time intervals before and until 48 h after flavonoid administration via jugular vein catheters. Quercetin and its methylated (isorhamnetin, tamarixetin) and dehydroxylated (kaempferol) metabolites were analyzed in blood plasma using HPLC with subsequent fluorescence detection. It was shown that quercetin is systemically available both as aglycone and as rutin in neonatal calves, but BV of quercetin aglycone was higher than BV of rutin as previously shown in monogastric species. Furthermore, BV of quercetin and its metabolites was greater on d 2 than on d 29 of life and the proportion of quercetin metabolites differed greatly between the two d, which possibly can deduced to maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. In part two of the study effects of a three-wk administration of quercetin aglycone, rutin or a green tea extract containing mainly catechins, on performance, health, and the antioxidative capacity and oxidative stress in neonatal calves were evaluated. A fourth group was used as control group (n = 7 calves per group) and did not receive any flavonoid sopplementation. No group differences were found for zootechnical parameters, but a slight benefit in health status when catechins were fed. Effects of flavonoid feeding on metabolic status were not seen in this study, but total protein, albumin, urea, lactate, glucose, NEFA, insulin, and cortisol reflected typical time changes during postnatal calf development. Markers of the antioxidative capacity in blood plasma (TEAC, FRAP) showed incisive differences in time, seen in a sharp increase of TEAC and in a decrease of FRAP plasma concentrations postpartum. However, oxidative stress markers (TBARS, F2-isoprostanes) did not illustrate distinct group and time effects due to great interindividual variances. Taken together, this study clearly demonstrated that the bioavailability of quercetin is determined by its chemical form and depends to a major extent on physiological processes of digestion and gastrointestinal maturation in calves. In contrast, the influence of flavonoids on the antioxidative status did not show clear results, thus an improvement of the antioxidative status in neonatal calves by flavonoid administration cannot be confirmed by this study.Flavonoide sind sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe, denen zahlreiche gesundheits-fördernde Eigenschaften zugesprochen werden. In der Futtermittelindustrie haben Flavonoide deshalb als „grüne“ Zusatzstoffe bereits weitreichend Einzug erhalten, auch wenn wissenschaftlich fundierte Nachweise bezüglich ihrer Wirkung im Nutztier oftmals hypothetisch sind. Besonders für neugeborene Kälber scheint aufgrund ihrer erhöhten Krankheitsanfälligkeit der Einsatz von pflanzlichen Zusatzstoffen sinnvoll. Allerdings müssten Flavonoide für biologische Effekte systemisch im Kalb verfügbar sein, wofür es bis jetzt noch keine Belege gibt. Somit war es Ziel dieser Arbeit die Bioverfügbarkeit und die biologischen Effekte der weit verbreiteten Flavonoide Quercetin und Catechin beim neugeborenen Kalb zu untersuchen. Dazu erfolgte im ersten Teil dieser Studie die Fütterung von Quercetin als reines Aglykon oder mit entsprechendem Zuckerrest als Glukorhamnosid Rutin am 2. und 29. Lebenstag der Kälber (n = 7 pro Gruppe). Vor, sowie bis zu 48 Stunden nach der Flavonoidapplikation, wurden in definierten Zeitabständen Blutproben gewonnen und der Gehalt an Quercetin sowie der jeweiligen methylierten (Isorhamnetin, Tamarixetin) und dehydroxylierten (Kaempferol) Metaboliten mittels Hochleistungsflüssigkeits-chromatographie mit anschließender Fluoreszenzdetektion analysiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Quercetin sowohl als Aglykon als auch als Rutin systemisch im Kalb verfügbar war, wobei die systemische Verfügbarkeit von Quercetin nach Fütterung des Aglycons höher war als nach Fütterung von Rutin. Weiterhin wurde am 2. Lebenstag eine deutlich höhere Bioverfügbarkeit von Quercetin und seinen Metaboliten festgestellt als am 29. Lebenstag. Auch war der Anteil der einzelnen Quercetinmetabolite an der Gesamt¬flavanolkonzentra¬tion im Blutplasma stark verändert, was möglicherweise auf den unterschiedlichen Grad der Darmentwicklung am 2. und 29. Lebenstag zurückgeführt werden kann. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wurde die Leistungsentwicklung, der Gesundheitsstatus sowie die antioxidative Kapazität und der oxidative Stress bei Kälbern untersucht, denen über einen Zeitraum von drei Wochen entweder Quercetin in Form des Aglycons oder als Rutin oder ein Grünteeextrakt, der hauptsächlich Catechine enthielt, verabreicht wurde. Eine vierte Kälbergruppe bekam keine Flavonoide zugefüttert und diente als Kontrollgruppe (n = 7 pro Gruppe). Hierbei konnten in den erhobenen zootechnischen Parametern keine Gruppenunterschiede, jedoch ein leichter Vorteil durch die Fütterung von Catechin im Gesundheitsstatus, festgestellt werden. Effekte der Flavonoidfütterung auf den Stoffwechsel der Kälber, ausgedrückt durch Gesamtprotein, Albumin, Harnstoff, Laktat, Glukose, nicht-veresterte Fettsäuren, Insulin und Cortisol, konnten in dieser Studie nicht dargelegt werden, jedoch wiesen diese Parameter entwicklungsphysiologische Zeitveränderungen auf. Marker der antioxidativen Kapazität im Blutplasma (TEAC, FRAP) zeigten prägnante Zeitunterschiede, ausgedrückt durch einen deutlichen Anstieg der TEAC und einen ausgeprägten Abfall der FRAP nach der Geburt. Marker für den oxidativen Stress (TBARS, F2-Isoprostane) hingegen zeigten im Blutplasma aufgrund der starken individuellen Streuung keine eindeutigen Behandlungs- und Zeiteffekte. Zusammenfassend konnte mit dieser Studie gezeigt werden, dass die Bioverfügbarkeit von Quercetin durch dessen chemische Form determiniert ist und zum größtenteils von verdauungsphysiologischen Vorgängen und der Darmreifung des Kalbes abhängig ist. Dagegen zeigten die hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Flavonoide auf den antioxidativen Status der Kälber keine eindeutigen Ergebnisse, so dass eine Verbesserung des antioxidativen Status nach Flavonoidgabe bei neugeborenen Kälbern mit dieser Studie nicht bestätigt werden konnte

Report on the STECF Expert Working Group 17-12 Fisheries Dependent Information: ‘New-FDI’

The STECF expert working group (EWG) on Fisheries Dependant Information (FDI) took place in JRC, Ispra from 23 to 27 October 2017 to review the data transmitted by Member States under a new data call (‘New-FDI’). The new data call specification was designed with three broad aims in mind i) Compatibility between the New-FDI data and the data held in the Fleet Economic database. ii) Ability to encompass all EU registered vessels including those from the Mediterranean, Black Sea and external waters fleets. iii) Ability to assess effects of management measures. The main purpose of the EWG was to judge if the call specification was appropriate to accomplish the above aims and to consider any difficulties encountered by member states in fulfilling the data call. Two terms of reference also allowed trial analyses to be conducted of a type relevant to the third broad aim. The EWG addressed all Terms of Reference during the meeting and drew conclusions on the modifications required for the New-FDI data call going forwards. Prior to the EWG it had been agreed by STECF Bureau that the report of the meeting would not be presented to STECF for approval as an STECF report but published separately (as a JRC technical report). This report therefore presents the data, methods observations and findings of an EWG of the STECF but the findings presented in this report do not necessarily constitute the opinion of the STECF or reflect the views of the European Commission and in no way anticipate the Commission’s future policy in this area.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

Small scale, big deal: Sampling catches from European small-scale fisheries.

Small-scale fleets (SSF) are important components of many ICES fisheries and are receiving growing attention within the CFP-reform and Marine Spatial Planning initiatives. In order to assess the importance of SSF within Europe, 2015 ICES WGCATCH compiled descriptions and data (effort, catch and value) of SSF fishing in EU waters, using 2012 as reference year and categorizing fleets by vessel length. The compiled information covered 17 countries describing a range of scenarios, spanning from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean. The <10m and 10–12m vessels were ranked highest in importance in nearly all countries in terms of number of vessels and employment. They were generally involved in multi-gear and multi-species fisheries developing seasonal or part-time activities into coastal areas with generally more sensitive habitats as nursery grounds or spawning aggregations. SSF were also found to be important for several fisheries in terms of effort, value and landings, and to represent a significant share of some TAC-quota or catches of regulated species, even though their landings may be under-reported. Group members also described the way SSF are sampled and estimated in their countries. The wide diversity in methodologies used to sample and estimate the impacts of SSF creates challenges to harmonize and standardize data quality indicators across European countries. We put forward some best practice guidelines for sampling SSF and show that these will have to be adapted at regional level in order to encompass existing variability at fleet and fisheries level

Working Group on Governance of the Regional Database & Estimation System (WGRDBES-GOV; Outputs from 2020 meeting)

The Working Group on Governance of the Regional Database & Estimation System (WGRDBESGOV) provides the governance function for both the existing Regional Database (RDB) and the new Regional Database & Estimation System (RDBES) that is currently in development. It is composed of representatives from ICES member countries and EU Regional Coordination Groups (RCGs). In this report, the WGRDBESGOV reviews the RDBES developments performed during 2020 and plans for the work required in 2021 and beyond. It also considers how RDB data has been used and proposes changes required to the current Data Policy. The RDBES is currently planned to replace both the existing ICES InterCatch and RDB database systems and has an important part to play in increasing transparency and improving the quality of stock assessment within ICES. To this end, two workshops have been planned for 2021 which will help data submitters with the transition to the new system. A new working group is also proposed to enable the ICES community to move forward with estimation using the RDBES data model. Following on from the data call issued in 2020, another test data call is also planned for 2021 which will give further motivation for people to become involved and provide a robust test of the process. The RDB and RDBES must ensure that data can be used by the RCGs and authorised groups in ICES whilst ensuring that only permitted users have access to the confidential data – the rules relating to this have previously been defined in the RDB Data Policy. In line with discussions at the ICES Data and Information Group (DIG), it is proposed to split the current Data Policy into two new documents: a Data License, and a Data Governance document. It is important to remember that the ultimate success of the RDBES will rely on the effort and contributions from a large number of people in the wider ICES/EU data collection community and not just the relatively small groups who attend the WGRDBESGOV or Core Group meetings. The WGRDBESGOV continues to encourage these contributions

STECF Fisheries Dependent Information – FDI (STECF-19-11)

Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. The STECF reviewed the report of the EWG on Fisheries-dependent Information during its winter 2019 plenary meeting

The Third Workshop on Population of the RDBES Data Model (WKRDB-POP3)

The aims of this workshop were to explain the data model developed for the commercial fisheries Regional Database and Estimation System (RDBES), assist in populating it with real data for the second test data call for the RDBES, and encourage participants to take part in ongoing testing of the RDBES data submission system. This report documents the progress that participants have done to prepare their institutes for future use of the RDBES system. Some issues with data conversion have been identified and are documented in this report. None of the identified issues are thought to be serious impediments to moving forward with the RDBES development according to the roadmap decided by the Steering Committee of the Regional Fisheries Database in 2020. The RDBES Core Group (the group of people developing the RDBES data model) and ICES Data Centre will look at the results of this workshop and either respond to individual questions or adapt the data model and documentation as required. The workshop concluded and reported before the deadline of the test data call. For a complete test of the data model, all participants were encouraged to complete the data call. A report on the degree of completion of the data call may be expected from WGRDBESGOV which convenes after the data call deadline

STECF Fisheries Dependent Information – FDI (STECF-19-11)

Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. The STECF reviewed the report of the EWG on Fisheries-dependent Information during its winter 2019 plenary meeting

Report of the Working Group on Commercial Catches (WGCATCH)

The Working Group on Commercial Catches (WGCATCH), chaired by Mike Arm- strong (UK) and Hans Gerritsen (Ireland), met in ICES HQ, Copenhagen, Denmark, 10–14 November 2014. The meeting was attended by 34 experts from 21 laboratories or organizations, covering 16 countries. Currently, an important task for WGCATCH is to improve and review sampling sur- vey designs for commercial fisheries, particularly those for estimating quantities and size or age compositions of landings and discards and providing data quality indica- tors. However, the scope of WGCATCH is broader than this, covering many other aspects of collection and analysis of data on fishing activities and catches. This will be end-user driven, and coordinated with the work of other ICES data EGs such as the Working Group on Biological Parameters (WGBIOP), the Planning Group on Data Needs for Assessments and Advice (PGDATA) and the Working Group on Recrea- tional Fisheries Surveys (WGRFS) to ensure synergy and efficiency. The report of the meeting commences with background information on the formation of WGCATCH and its overall role. The remainder of the report provides the out- comes for each of the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and responses to external requests, the proposed future work plan and the ToRs for the 2015 meeting. The group formed two large subgroups to deal with the two major terms of reference which are the development of guidelines for carrying out sampling of catches on shore and the provision of advice on adapting sampling programmes to deal with the landing obligation. In order to evaluate methods and develop guidelines for best practice in carrying out sampling of commercial sampling of commercial fish catches onshore, a question- naire was circulated before the meeting. This questionnaire was structured around guidelines developed by the ICES Workshop on Practical Implementation of Statisti- cally Sound Catch Sampling Programmes (WKPICS) for best practice at each stage of the sampling process, and asked for a description of current practices at each of these stages. Based on these questionnaires, common and specific problems were cata- logued and potential solutions were identified. At the same time, the discussion of the questionnaires provided a form of peer-review of the sampling designs and iden- tified where improvements could be made. WGCATCH provided guidelines for de- signing a sampling survey and summarized earlier guidelines provided by the 2010 Workshop on methods for merging métiers for fishery based sampling (WKMERGE) The other main subject addressed by WGCATCH concerns the provision of advice on adapting sampling protocols to deal with the impact of the introduction of the land- ing obligation, which will alter discarding practices and result in additional catego- ries of catch being landed. A second questionnaire was circulated before the meeting to allow the group to identify the fleets that will be affected and possible issues that are anticipated, as well as to propose solutions to adapt existing monitoring and sampling schemes and to quantify bias resulting from the introduction of this regula- tion. WGCATCH outlined a range of likely scenarios and the expected effects of these on fishery sampling programmes, and developed guidelines for adapting sam- pling schemes. The group also explored a range of analyses that could be conducted in order to quantify bias resulting from the introduction of the landing obligation. Finally a number of pilot studies/case studies were summarized, highlighting the practical issues involve

The genomic and transcriptional landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) confined to the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular drivers of PCNSL have not been fully elucidated. Here, we profile and compare the whole-genome and transcriptome landscape of 51 CNS lymphomas (CNSL) to 39 follicular lymphoma and 36 DLBCL cases outside the CNS. We find recurrent mutations in JAK-STAT, NFkB, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways, including hallmark mutations in MYD88 L265P (67%) and CD79B (63%), and CDKN2A deletions (83%). PCNSLs exhibit significantly more focal deletions of HLA-D (6p21) locus as a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Mutational signatures correlating with DNA replication and mitosis are significantly enriched in PCNSL. TERT gene expression is significantly higher in PCNSL compared to activated B-cell (ABC)-DLBCL. Transcriptome analysis clearly distinguishes PCNSL and systemic DLBCL into distinct molecular subtypes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ CNSL cases lack recurrent mutational hotspots apart from IG and HLA-DRB loci. We show that PCNSL can be clearly distinguished from DLBCL, having distinct expression profiles, IG expression and translocation patterns, as well as specific combinations of genetic alterations

Saccadic Impairments in Patients with the Norrbottnian Form of Gaucher’s Disease Type 3

BackgroundChronic neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease type 3 (GD3) is relatively frequent in northern Sweden. Besides multiple other neurological symptoms, horizontal gaze palsy or oculomotor apraxia is common in GD3.ObjectiveTo characterize the saccades in patients with Norrbottnian GD3 with respect to their neurological and cognitive status using a computer-based eye-tracking technique.MethodsHorizontal and vertical reflexive saccades as well as antisaccades of nine GD3 patients [4M/5F; 41.1 ± 11.0 years; modified severity scoring tool (mSST): 9.3 ± 5.4; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 24.0 ± 4.2] and age-matched controls were analyzed using EyeBrain T2, a head-mounted binocular eye tracker. Systematic clinical assessment included the mSST, a valid tool for monitoring the neurological progression in GD3 and MoCA.ResultsIn Norrbottnian GD3 patients, gain, peak, and average velocity (107.5°/s ± 41.8 vs. 283.9°/s ± 17.0; p = 0.0009) of horizontal saccades were reduced compared to healthy controls (HCs). Regarding vertical saccades, only the average velocity of downward saccades was decreased (128.6°/s ± 63.4 vs. 244.1°/s ± 50.8; p = 0.004). Vertical and horizontal saccadic latencies were increased (294.3 ms ± 37.0 vs. 236.5 ms ± 22.4; p = 0.005) and the latency of horizontal reflexive saccades was correlated with the mSST score (R2 = 0.80; p = 0.003). The latency of antisaccades showed association to MoCA score (R2 = 0.70; p = 0.009). GD3 patients made more errors in the antisaccade task (41.5 ± 27.6% vs. 5.2 ± 5.8%; p = 0.005), and the error rate tended to correlate with the cognitive function measured in MoCA score (p = 0.06).ConclusionThe mean age of 41 years of our GD3 cohort reflects the increased life expectancy of patients in the Norrbottnian area compared to other GD3 cohorts. Marked impairment of horizontal saccades was evident in all patients, whereas vertical saccades showed distinct impairment of downward velocity. Latency of reflexive saccades was associated with the severity of neurological symptoms. Increased latency and error rate in the antisaccade task were linked to cognitive impairment. The assessment of saccades provides markers for neurological and neuropsychological involvement in Norrbottnian GD3