Jednostki krajobrazowe miasta Poznania

Cel główny opracowania koncentruje się na zagadnieniach dotyczących delimitacji oraz inwentaryzacji jednostek krajobrazowych występujących na terenie Poznania. Identyfikacja jednostek krajobrazowych została przeprowadzona na podstawie analizy cech charakterystycznych oraz wyróżników krajobrazu. Uznano, że cechy charakterystyczne krajobrazu odnoszą się do kryteriów klasyfikacyjnych związanych z ukształtowaniem powierzchni terenu oraz z pokryciem terenu, czyli z tzw. tłem krajobrazowym. Z kolei wyróżniki krajobrazu dotyczą konkretnych obiektów, ich zespołów lub mikropłatów pokrycia terenu o szczególnie wyrazistych atrybutach, które odróżniają te obiekty lub zespoły od ich otoczenia (tła krajobrazowego). Przyjęte założenia umożliwiły wyznaczenie 19 różnych typów jednostek krajobrazowych. Dla każdej z jednostek zostały zidentyfikowane walory krajobrazu odnoszące się do cech przyrodniczych, kulturowych oraz fizjonomicznych. Ponadto opracowano zestaw wskaźników (metryk krajobrazowych) dotyczących struktury form pokrycia terenu, których zróżnicowanie i wzajemna konfiguracja ma decydujący wpływ na walory fizjonomiczne krajobrazu

Ocena jakości krajobrazu na obszarze miasta Poznania

Głównym celem opracowania jest ocena jakości krajobrazu Poznania w opinii jego mieszkańców. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza, który składał się z osiemnastu pytań. Pytania ankiety zostały sformułowane i pogrupowane w taki sposób, aby umożliwić realizację kilku szczegółowych problemów badawczych. Dotyczyły one przede wszystkim oceny znaczenia jakości krajobrazu (jego zasobów i walorów), harmonii oraz ładu przestrzennego dla warunków życia, zamieszkania i wypoczynku. Zwrócono również uwagę na sposób postrzegania przez respondentów zachodzących w krajobrazie zmian. Za równie ważne uznano znajomość prawnych i administracyjnych instrumentów ochrony krajobrazu w Polsce oraz ocenę ich skuteczności. W dalszej części opracowania skoncentrowano się na identyfikacji czynników wpływających na wysoką lub niską jakość krajobrazu oraz na analizie cech krajobrazu idealnego. W podsumowaniu odniesiono się do propozycji działań służących poprawie walorów krajobrazu

Wpływ człowieka na tereny biologicznie czynne w mieście na przykładzie klinów zieleni w Poznaniu

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors of destruction of the urban green system as exemplified by the green areas in the city of Poznan. The conclusions are drawn with respect to an analysis of the land use changes and field work. The objective of this research was to identify poor practices in urban development and suggest a solution to alleviate the negative changes.727128820Badania Fizjograficzn

Physico-geographical mesoregions of Poland : verification and adjustment of boundaries on the basis of contemporary spatial data

The programme of identification, cataloguing and evaluation of Polish landscapes, part of the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, has caused an increase in interest in physico-geographical regionalisation over recent years. The commonly accepted regionalisation of Poland developed by J. Kondracki (Kondracki & Richling 1994) is sufficient for work at an overview scale (e.g. 1:500,000), whereas its spatial accuracy is too low to make use of it for the purpose of Polish landscape cataloguing. The aim of this article is to present a more up-to-date and detailed division of Poland into mesoregions, adjusted to the 1:50,000 scale. In comparison with older work, the number of mesoregions has increased from 316 to 344. In many cases, some far-reaching changes in meso- and macroregions were made. Nevertheless, in most cases the previous system of units was maintained, with more detailed adjustment of boundaries based on the latest geological and geomorphological data and the use of GIS tools for the DEM analysis. The division presented here is a creatively developing new work aligning the proposals of the majority of Polish researchers. At the same time, it is a regionalisation maintaining the idea of the work developed by J. Kondracki as well as his theoretical assumptions and the criteria used to distinguish units, which makes it a logical continuation of his regional division

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Ocena jakości krajobrazu na obszarze miasta Poznania

Głównym celem opracowania jest ocena jakości krajobrazu Poznania w opinii jego mieszkańców. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza, który składał się z osiemnastu pytań. Pytania ankiety zostały sformułowane i pogrupowane w taki sposób, aby umożliwić realizację kilku szczegółowych problemów badawczych. Dotyczyły one przede wszystkim oceny znaczenia jakości krajobrazu (jego zasobów i walorów), harmonii oraz ładu przestrzennego dla warunków życia, zamieszkania i wypoczynku. Zwrócono również uwagę na sposób postrzegania przez respondentów zachodzących w krajobrazie zmian. Za równie ważne uznano znajomość prawnych i administracyjnych instrumentów ochrony krajobrazu w Polsce oraz ocenę ich skuteczności. W dalszej części opracowania skoncentrowano się na identyfikacji czynników wpływających na wysoką lub niską jakość krajobrazu oraz na analizie cech krajobrazu idealnego. W podsumowaniu odniesiono się do propozycji działań służących poprawie walorów krajobrazu

Dynamika zmian powierzchni leśnych na terenie gminy Suchy Las w okresie 1940-2000

The article presents the results of a research on the dynamics of change in the woodland area of Suchy Las commune in the 1940–2000 period. The commune was chosen because of its interesting spatial division resulting from the existence of the Biedrusko military ground within its limits. A comparison was made of the level of afforestation of the commune as provided by its topographic maps from the years 1940, 1960, 1980, and 2000. An analysis was also made of the number of woodland complexes as well as the extent of deforestation and afforestation. Throughout the study period the commune was divided into two characteristic spatial units. The lasting separation of functions and totally different land-use patterns has made them develop radically dissimilar landscapes. Over the study period the commune’s total woodland area grew from 23.75 ha to 43.5 ha, but in the military ground it increased from 24.45 ha to 42.04 ha, while beyond it there was a decline from 2.3 ha to 1.46 ha. The military ground in Suchy Las commune greatly restricts the possible uses of land there and reduces the area of potential investment by more than a half, but on the other hand such an extensive green space (the woodiness index for this part of the commune equals 36.1%) is its great natural wealth, enhances its landscape attractiveness, and facilitates natural vegetation growth. By contrast, the area outside the military ground features very sparse woodland (the woodiness index for this part of the commune is a mere 1.2%), which is due to the necessary concentration of many functions in a small area. The economic development of the commune may lead to further loss of woodland in this part

ZMIANY POWIERZCHNI LEŚNYCH NA TERENIE PARKU KRAJOBRAZOWEGO PROMN O W OSTATNICH 200 LATACH W ASPEKCIE KRAJOBRAZOWYM

The main purpose of this work was to assess changes to the forest areas in Promno Landscape Park which occurred in 1830–2013. The assessment of these changes was based on an analysis of cartographic material from 1830, 1890, 1940 and 2013. The article presents the natural and socio-economic conditions in the research area. Analyses of dominant habitats and stands have also been presented together with cartographic material and a detailed analysis and evaluation of the changes over nearly 180 years. Based on the strategic documents and research results, a forecast has also been provided of the changes to be expected in the next dozen or so years. An analysis of changes to the forest areas in Promno Landscape Park has shown that the largest decrease in forest cover occurred in the second half of the 19th century in connection with clear-cut clearings. In 1890, the forest area decreased by 268 ha against 1830. Slight changes took place in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. In that period, slow afforestation followed logging and therefore the forest area increased from 1,592.3 hectares in 1890 to 1,679 hectares in 1940. Undoubtedly, the largest increase occurred after 1940, after the Second World War when land of poor agricultural value was afforested. The area of forests grew from 1,679 ha in 1940 to 2,545.29 ha in 2013 marking an increase in forest cover from less than 50% to the existing 76%

Forest cover dynamics in the city of Poznań from 1830 to 2004.

Forests on the urban areas are of a great importance for the biodiversity of this territory. Moreover, they play numerous functions in the environment and constitute, at present, on important element of the ecological urban system. Nevertheless, the changes of the forest areas in the city of Poznań have never been discussed so far. This article presents the results of research of the changes of forest areas in Poznań within the administrative borders of Poznań in 2004. It was performed for the period 1830–2004 for six selected moments in which topographic maps of this area were prepared i.e. 1830, 1888, 1940, 1960, 1979 and 2004 During this period forest area increased by 2367 ha. The effect of numerous afforestations and deforestations is that forest area which was not subject to these treatments from 1830 to 2004 constitutes only 481 ha (14.6% of forest areas of Poznań). Four periods of dynamics of changes of forest areas were distinguished. During the last one, taking place presently, forest area has decreased slightly. In the case of Poznań, maintaining forests is significant from the point of view of their importance not only for functioning of green wedges but also the whole environment of this city. Therefore, one of the directions of spatial development of the city of Poznań should be maintaining and increasing forest areas as the element of the implementation of sustainable development principles