フランス消費者倒産の実務(下)

論

Information Technology and Civil Justice in Japan

木畑洋一先生／佐藤文夫先生古稀祝賀記念

Assessing the Dependence of an Urban System in Japan on Forest Ecosystem Services: A Case Study

Abstract With the progress of urbanization, the importance of biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem service use in urban systems has been entirely acknowledged. We are recognizing the need to redesign city systems from the viewpoint of the relationship between urban activities and natural ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the dependence of human activities within a large metropolitan region on ecosystem services. Our evaluation focused on the civilian sector (which consists of business and residential activities) of the municipalities of Osaka prefecture, Japan. This study applied a framework known as Ecosystem Services Use (ESU), an ecological footprint-based evaluation method, in order to identify the characteristics of Forest Ecosystem Service Use (FESU) by a municipality. FESU was estimated in hectares by integrating various statistics on human activities and using conversion functions that reflect the features of the urban systems of each municipality. The results showed that FESUCO2, the variable representing the forest area needed to compensate for carbon dioxide emissions, represented the largest portion of total FESU in all municipalities, indicating that energy consumption through urban activities plays a significant role in increasing dependence on forest ecosystems. Additionally, a cluster analysis was performed with variables related to municipality character, FESU, and external dependence. The 43 municipalities of Osaka were clustered into five groups. By applying the ESU framework, this case study demonstrates a viable method of quantitatively evaluating the dependence of urban activities on ecosystem services and helps us understand the sustainability of cities’ use of ecosystem services

Land Change Modeler For Evaluating Urbanization Driven By Universities In The Periurban Area Of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Yogyakarta City and its peri urban areas have experienced a rapid land cover change in the last two decades from non-urban to urban areas. Understanding the driving factors and their level of influence will facilitate well-informed decisions in planning sustainable urbanization. This study formulated a hypothesis that the area hosting a university is most likely to have higher urban area and urbanization rate and verified it by using a land change model (LCM). The LCM which implemented a multi-layer perceptron algorithm using LANDSAT 5 TM in 1999 and 2005 successfully produced a robust land change model with accuracy rate of 81.24% and model’s skill measure 0.6248, and predicted the urban area in 2030, 2040, and 2050. The urban area between LCM and Statistics Indonesia showed strong positive correlation with R2 values of 0.73 and 0.83 in 2005 and 2010 to validate the model. The model showed that urbanization in Yogyakarta city was prominently triggered by the density of universities. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis on urban area percentage, urbanization rate and number of universities in each district corroborated the presence of universities has boosted the urbanization rate in the host and neighboring districts. The findings have guided local government not only to implement policies into actions pertain to educational area development strategies but also to address the potential sustainability issues affected by those implementations

開発主義の構造と心性 : 戦後日本がダムでみた夢と現実

学位の種別:論文博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

Clinical Pathological Analysis of Surgically Resected Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma to Determine Criteria for Deciding on Treatment Strategy

We performed a clinical pathological study of conventionally resected superficial esophageal carcinomas since this type of lesion has been increasing, in order to develop criteria of determination for therapeutic strategies. Pathological studies were performed on specimens obtained by radical surgical resection in 133 cases of superficial esophageal cancer. Evaluation was performed in terms of the gross classification of the lesion type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, size of the lesion, outcome, etc. In 0-I, 0-IIc+0-IIa, and 0-III type submucosal cancer lesions the rate of metastasis to lymph nodes was more than 40%, but in 0-IIa and 0-IIb mucosal cancer cases no lymph node metastasis was observed. 0-IIc type lesions showed a wide range of invasiveness, ranging from m1 to sm3. In cases with m1 or m2 invasion, no lymph node or lymph-vessel invasion was recognized, but in m3, sm1, sm2, and sm3 cases lymph node metastasis was recognized in 12.5%, 22.2%, 44.0% and 47.4%, respectively. In 47% of lesions with a greatest dimension of less than 30 mm invasion was limited to the mucosa. Seventy-two percent of m1 and m2 cases were 30 mm in size or less. Lymph node metastasis was recognized in only 16.7% of cases less than 30 mm in size, but in cases of lesions 30 mm or more the rate of lymph node metastasis was 35.8%. 0-IIb and 0-IIa type lesions are indications for endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection (EEMR), while 0-I, 0-IIc+0-IIa, and 0-III lesions should be candidates for radical surgical resection. In the 0-IIc category, lesions in which the depression is relatively flat and with a finely granular surface are indications for EEMR, but those cases in which the surface of depression shows granules of varying sizes should be treated with radical surgical resection. Cases of 0-IIa type 30 mm or larger in greatest dimension which have a gently sloping protruding margin shoulder or reddening should be treated with caution, but EEMR can be performed first and subsequent therapeutic strategy decided on, based on the pathological findings of the specimen