Attraction Of The Sand Fly Nyssomyia Neivai (diptera: Psychodidae) To Chemical Compounds In A Wind Tunnel.

Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females. Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractants.814

Attraction of the sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) to chemical compounds in a wind tunnel

Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females.Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractant

Prevalência dos sintomas gastrointestinais em crianças e adolescentes diagnosticadas com transtorno do espectro autista

Objetivo: O objetivo primário do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência dos sintomas gastrointestinais em crianças e adolescentes diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo, com a utilização de questionário online autoaplicável, respondido por pais de crianças para a coleta de dados. Resultados: Foram analisados 77 indivíduos de 1 a 20 anos, com o diagnóstico de TEA. Foi observado a presença de sintoma gastrointestinal em 63% dos casos de TEA. Dentre as queixas específicas, a constipação foi predominante, com presença em 50,7% dos casos. Conclusão: este estudo é relevante para identificar a prevalência de sintomas gastrointestinais em crianças com TEA. Bem como, para demonstrar a importância da realização de novos estudos que possam abordar o tema

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado de gatos hígidos: nota prévia

The ultrasonographic exam presents divergence in the interpretation of its findings, due to subjective and individual analysis. The livers of 18 healthy cats were evaluated by the ultrasonographic exam, making use of the gray-level histograms method. There were taken measures referring to the echogenicity (LMEAN), echotexture (NMOST/NALL) and echo amplitude standard deviation (SD). The mean values and standard deviations observed in this clinical assay were: LMEAN 5.6 ±1.08, NMOST/NALL 28.31 ±3.84 e SD 11.48 ±1.77. The gray-level histograms method is very important for the standardizing of hepatic echogenicity and echotexture values, helping in the diagnosis and monitoring of diffuse hepatopathies.O exame ultrassonográfico apresenta divergência na interpretação dos seus achados, devido à análise subjetiva e individual. Avaliou-se ultrassonograficamente a quantificação dos níveis de cinza de fígado de 18 gatos hígidos pela técnica de histograma, obtendo-se medidas referentes à ecogenicidade (LMEAN), ecotextura (NMOST/NALL) e desvio padrão da amplitude do eco (SD). As médias e desvio padrão dos valores encontrados foram para LMEAN 5,6 ±1,08, NMOST/NALL 28,31 ±3,84 e SD 11,48 ±1,77. Ressalta-se a importância da técnica do histograma na padronização de valores de normalidade referentes à ecogenicidade e ecotextura do fígado, favorecendo o diagnóstico e o monitoramento de hepatopatias difusas

Nasal and systemic inflammatory profile after short term smoking cessation

SummaryIntroductionSmoking cessation promotes health benefits and, despite cigarette smoking be an important pro inflammatory stimulus, there are few studies concerning the nasal and systemic inflammation; as well as the mucociliary clearance behavior in smokers after short period of smoking cessation.AimTo evaluate the nasal and systemic inflammatory markers and mucociliary clearance behavior after 30 days of cigarette smoking abstinence.MethodsTwenty-five smokers were included and divided into two groups: abstinent smokers (n = 14) and current smokers (n = 11). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured on nasal lavage and blood serum samples by ELISA at baseline and after 30 days. The mucociliary clearance, exhaled carbon monoxide (exCO) and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) were also measured at the same moments.ResultsThere was a decrease of TNF-α level only in blood serum at 30 days of abstinence compared to current smokers. The mucociliary clearance improved and there was a reduction in exCO and HbCO (p < 0.05 for all) after 30 days of smoking cessation.ConclusionThe short term smoking abstinence decreased systemic inflammation and improved nasal mucociliary clearance, despite not having changed the nasal inflammation

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o fígado de gatos submetidos à tirotoxicose induzida pela técnica de histograma dos níveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possíveis alterações hepáticas decorrentes do excesso de hormônios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos hígidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150µg/kg de levotiroxina sódica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepático não demonstrou diferença estatística ao nível de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variações dos valores das variáveis estudadas sugeriram a promoção de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuição da ecogenicidade do parênquima hepático quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliação citopatológica e histopatológica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotóxica em todos os animais.This study evaluated ultrasonographically the liver of cats submitted to induced thyrotoxicosis by the technique of gray-level histogram with the objective of better evaluating the possible hepatic alterations decurring from the excess of the thyroid hormones. For that, there were used nine adult-young healthy cats, which received daily 150ìg/kg of sodic levotiroxin, for 60 days. The hepatic histogram has not demonstrated statistical differences in the 5% level of significance between the evaluated moments; however, the variations of the studied variables' values suggested an increasing of the heterogeneity and a decreasing of the echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma when compared to the initial moment. The cytopathologic and histopathologic evaluations have shown of a clinical picture of thyrotoxic hepatitis in all the animals

Brazilian Green Propolis: Anti-Inflammatory Property by an Immunomodulatory Activity

The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of green propolis extracts from Apis mellifera were investigated using acute and chronic inflammation models. Swiss mice were anesthetized and a cotton pellet granuloma was implanted in subcutaneous tissue. Then the mice were divided into six groups and received apyrogenic water or different propolis extracts by oral route (5 mg/kg). According to the treatment the groups were designated as E1A, E1B, E10, E11, and E12. The control group received apyrogenic water. The treatment was performed by six days when the mice were killed. The blood and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected to measure the leukocyte recruitment. In acute pulmonary inflammation, Balb/c mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli by intranasal route for three days. Concomitantly the mice received by oral route apyrogenic water (control) or E10 and E11 propolis extracts. BAL was performed to assess the inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine quantification. The results showed that the E11 extract has anti-inflammatory property in both models by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines suggesting an immunomodulatory activity