Proceso de registro y situación actual del consumo de pesticidas biológicos de uso agrícola

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de EntomologíaEl presente trabajo monográfico se centra en la descripción del procedimiento, acompañado del sustento técnico-legal para la construcción y organización del expediente técnico (dossier) para la obtención del registro de un Plaguicida Biológico de Uso Agrícola (PBUA), siguiendo la normativa del D.S.001-2015-MINAGRI, ante la Autoridad Nacional Competente (ANC), el SENASA. Asimismo, se describe el proceso y los alcances que implican el proceso de posregistro de un PBUA. Asimismo, otro eje del presente trabajo es el análisis de la evolución de las importaciones y la demanda de los Plaguicidas Biológicos de Uso Agrícola (PBUA), así como su demanda creciente en el mercado de la protección de cultivos en el Perú, especialmente en los últimos años

Radionuclide identification using subtractive clustering method

Radionuclide identification is crucial to planning protective measures in emergency situations. This paper presents the application of a method for a classification system of radioactive elements with a fast and efficient response. To achieve this goal is proposed the application of subtractive clustering algorithm. The proposed application can be implemented in reconfigurable hardware, a flexible medium to implement digital hardware circuits

Desenvolvimento de um equipamento portátil para identificação de radionuclídeos

A identificação rápida e automática de radionuclídeos, presentes em uma amostra radioativa detectada no campo, é uma informação que ajuda na tomada de decisão. Em áreas de grande trânsito de pessoas e materiais, como portos e aeroportos, bem como em grandes eventos, a monitoração de radiação, acompanhada da identificação do radionuclídeo, é aconselhável dentro das normas de proteção ao público. A identificação correta de radionuclídeos depende da capacidade de determinar se picos específicos de energia estão presentes no espectro de fontes emissoras de radiação gama. Radionuclídeos podem ser identificados por estas energias características, no sentido em que o valor da energia associada a estes picos no espectro corresponde às fontes de radiação presentes na amostra. Há muitos métodos que podem ser utilizados para identificação automática de radionuclídeos. A maioria deles são baseados em algoritmos de software para a detecção dos picos de energia no espectro. O tempo de processamento dessas tarefas pode ser muito grande para aplicações que exigem respostas rápidas, como em equipa- mentos portáteis. Um hardware digital dedicado oferece um melhor desempenho para tarefas com alta demanda de processamento como esta. Este trabalho mostra o desenvolvimento de um identificador de radionuclídeos portátil com base em uma solução de hardware digital, utilizando um dispositivo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) para a execução de um algoritmo de agrupamento para a detecção dos picos de energia

Surfactant-Mediated Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of α‑Ag2WO4 Material

In the present work, the morphology (hexagonal rod-like vs cuboid-like) of an α-Ag2WO4 solid-state material is manipulated by a simple controlled-precipitation method, with and without the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively, over short reaction times. Characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Rietveld refinement analysis, Fourier-transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy, FT Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and photoluminescence emission, are employed to disclose the structural and electronic properties of the α-Ag2WO4 material. First-principles calculations were performed to (i) obtain the relative stability of the six low-index surfaces of α-Ag2WO4; (ii) rationalize the crystal morphologies observed in FE-SEM images (using the Wulff construction); and (iii) determine the energy profiles associated with the transformation process between both morphologies induced by the presence of SDS. Finally, we demonstrate a relationship between morphology and photocatalytic activity, evaluated by photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under UV light, based on the different numbers of unsaturated superficial Ag and W cations (local coordination, i.e., clusters) of each surface

Três Mulheres Artistas: trajetórias em arte e educação

O trabalho apresenta a pesquisa sobre três artistas plásticas de Pelotas que integram o projeto “As artistas do Sul: experiências lúdicas e educativas”, junto ao grupo de pesquisa “Caixa de Pandora: Estudos em Arte, Gênero e Memória” (CNPq/UFPel). A investigação teórico/prática concentra o foco sobre as trajetórias e processos criativos, com intenção de produzir livros ilustrados e demais materiais paradidáticos voltados ao público infanto-juvenil. Maria Lídia Magliani, Seli Maurício e Arlinda Nunes foram selecionadas devido ao protagonismo inovador e engajado na cena artística e educativa em âmbito nacional e internacional. As três artistas, educadoras e empreendedoras deram origem aos primeiros protótipos confeccionados pelo grupo. A linha metodológica segue perspectivas abertas e plurais, próprias das pesquisas baseadas em arte. Concorrem neste fazer o levantamento das biografias, do acervo imagético, os encontros com as artistas, curadores, colecionadores e outros pesquisadores interessados; bem como a experimentação com materiais e técnicas, elaboração de projeto de design, realização de oficinas e mediações, avaliações dos resultados e testes de impressão. Temos optado por materiais propositivos que convocam a ação de professores e alunos em prol de uma educação transformadora e inclusiva, que busca dar visibilidade às mulheres artistas, comumente, “silenciadas” ou “esquecidas” pela história (PERROT, 2005)

First record of Cyphoderus innominatus Mills, 1938 (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Early Colonies of the Leaf-cutting Ant Atta sexdens

Cyphoderus innominatus Mills, 1938 (Collembola: Paronellidae) was first observed in early colonies of Atta sexdens leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The colonies were collected on February 6, 2019, from a transition area between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, located in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of four colonies collected had an average population density of 227 ± 212 C. innominatus individuals, and most of the latter were found in peripheral areas inside the fungus-garden-growing chamber of the colony. In addition, we observed a possible defensive behavior on the part of workers when C. innominatus individuals were present in the fungus garden chamber. Thus, this is the first record of C. innominatus living in association with early colonies of A. sexdens.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery