Effects of technology transfer from American and Brazilian Universities on the scientific and technical human capital

The University-Enterprise Technology Transfer (U-E TT) is adopted as a strategy of open innovation. The Effective Contingent type is highlighted, as it allows the description of TTs and their effects on the human, scientific and technical capital. However, the cultivar, a TT with great social and economic value, is not mentioned in the model. This study investigated the effects of processes of E-U TT of cultivars on human, scientific and technical capital in Brazil and in the United States. The multi-case study was adopted with documentary research and interviews with agents (universities) and receivers (organizations) in the second semester of 2014 as well as the cross-analysis. The results show differences in innovation in the national contexts. The study of human, scientific and technical capital should extend to the creation of knowledge networks and the ability of communication between the academy and organizations, contributing to greater perception of the effects of E-U TT, especially of cultivars

Application of low carbon economy concept in civil construction projects: brief rescue on some existing methods

The construction industry is also responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), contributing to climate change. In this context, this work presents tools for the implementation of low carbon constructions, that is, the sector can improve its production processes in order to reduce the energy impact, reduce the elimination of GHGs in the environment and give impetus to sustainability. These tools include the Carbon Emissions Inventory, the LEED Certification, the Casa Azul label, the AQUA seal, the seal Procel Edifica and the methodologies of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in others. The application of these valuable tools contribute to the environment, but also, promote improvements in the management of the entire construction process

Object and Means of University-Firm Technology Transfer

Greater demand for food and the scarcity of natural resources reinforce the importance of research at universities and the transfer of their technologies to firms, particularly in the case of crops. In this context, the general aim of this study is to analyze the alignment of the object and means of university-firm technology transfer in Brazilian and American agriculture schools. The research is qualitative in nature, with multiple case studies of two American universities and a Brazilian university, selected using criteria such as excellence, accessibility and technological similarities. Among the results and contributions to the field, the innovations that were generated and the identification of the differences and similarities in formal and informal processes of university-firm technology transfer may be highlighted

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Efeitos da transferência de tecnologia de Universidades Norte Americana e Brasileiras no capital humano ténico e científico

O artigo trata de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi verificar os efeitos de processos de TT-UE no Brasil e nos EUA no capital humano técnico e científico. Destaca-se o interesse das organizações em buscarem conhecimento em universidades como fonte de desenvolvimento tecnológico. Os cultivares têm potencial para contribuir no atendimento à demanda crescente de alimentos. A transferência de tecnologia entre universidade e empresa (TT-UE) gera benefícios diversos, dentre os quais o de capital humano científico e técnico (Bozeman, 2000), que nem sempre é objeto de pesquisa, apesar de relevante. Com estudo multi casos, revelaram-se diferenças entre os casos nos contextos nacionais de inovação e que capital humano técnico e científico pode e deve ser estudado no longo prazo, estendendo-se à criação de redes de conhecimento, além de incluir a observação da habilidade de comunicação entre academia e organizações, contribuindo para maior percepção dos efeitos da TT U-E, especialmente de cultivares

Benefits of University-Industry Cooperation for Innovations of Sustainable Biological Control

This study aims to identify the benefits of technological cooperation between the College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz – University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) and the start-up Bug, a company that operates in the biological control of pests as a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. This research was based on a case study regarding a technological cooperation, which resulted in sustainable innovation involving a biological control of pests through the use of a parasite wasp that naturally parasitize the sugarcane borer’s eggs, preventing the growth of caterpillars in field crops. The technological cooperation led the company to extend its cooperation to other educational and research institutions

Identification and quantification of sugars by micellarelectrokinetic chromatography in reverse phase in modified milk

Se desarrolló un método por electroforesis electrocinética micelar para la determinación simultánea de glucosa, fructosa, lactosa y sacarosa en leches modificadas. La separación de los componentes estudiados se llevó a cabo utilizando capilares de sílice, bromuro de cetiltrimetilamonio (CTAB) como surfactante catiónico en el electrolito de corrida, polaridad reversa y detección UV indirecta. Las curvas de calibración fueron lineales con R2 > 98,49. La desviación estándar relativa (RSD%) en todos los casos fue menor a 1,88% y la recuperación fue entre 95-114% para la glucosa, 104-110% para la fructosa, 93-113% para la lactosa y 92-110% para la sacarosa. El método analítico propuesto presenta una buena separación de los analitos, implica pretratamiento sencillo de las muestras y genera bajos volúmenes de desecho. La precisión, exactitud y rapidez, hacen que sea un método útil para la cuantificación simultánea de azúcares en leches modificadas.A method by micellarelectrokinetic electrophoresis for the simultaneous determination of glucose, fructose, lactose and sucrose in modified milks was developed. Separation of the compounds studied was carried out using fused silica capillaries, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant in run electrolyte, reverse polarity and indirect UV detection. Calibration curves were linear with R2> 98.49. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) in all cases was less than 1.88 % and the recovery was between 95–114 % for glucose, 104–110 % for fructose, 93–113 % for lactose and 92–110 % for sucrose. The analytical method developed provides good separation of the analytes, involves simple pretreatment of samples and low volumes of waste generated. The precision, accuracy and speed of the method, make it a useful tool for the simultaneous quantification of modified milk sugars.Fil: Gerstner, Carolina Daniela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Bernal, Claudio Adrian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Marsili, Nilda Raquel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Maccari, M.. La Sibila SA; ArgentinaFil: Williner, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Early-life experiences and the development of adult diseases with a focus on mental illness. The Human Birth Theory

In mammals, early adverse experiences, including mother pup interactions, shape the response of an individual to chronic stress or to stress-related diseases during adult life. This has led to the elaboration of the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease, in particular adult diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In addition, in humans, as stated by Massimo Fagioli's Human Birth Theory, birth is healthy and equal for all individuals, so that mental illness develop exclusively in the postnatal period because of the quality of the relationship in the first year of life. Thus, this review focuses on the importance of programming during the early developmental period on the manifestation of adult diseases in both animal models and humans. Considering the obvious differences between animals and humans we cannot systematically move from animal models to humans. Consequently, in the first part of this review, we will discuss how animal models can be used to dissect the influence of adverse events occurring during the prenatal and postnatal periods on the developmental trajectories of the offspring, and in the second part, we will discuss the role of postnatal critical periods on the development of mental diseases in humans. Epigenetic mechanisms that cause reversible modifications in gene expression, driving the development of a pathological phenotype in response to a negative early postnatal environment, may lie at the core of this programming, thereby providing potential new therapeutic targets. The concept of the Human Birth Theory leads to a comprehension of the mental illness as a pathology of the human relationship immediately after birth and during the first year of life. (C) 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved