Mammalian Septins Nomenclature

There are 10 known mammalian septin genes, some of which produce multiple splice variants. The current nomenclature for the genes and gene products is very confusing, with several different names having been given to the same gene product and distinct names given to splice variants of the same gene. Moreover, some names are based on those of yeast or Drosophila septins that are not the closest homologues. Therefore, we suggest that the mammalian septin field adopt a common nomenclature system, based on that adopted by the Mouse Genomic Nomenclature Committee and accepted by the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee. The human and mouse septin genes will be named SEPT1–SEPT10 and Sept1–Sept10, respectively. Splice variants will be designated by an underscore followed by a lowercase “v” and a number, e.g., SEPT4_v1

Lipid raft microdomain compartmentalization of TC10 is required for insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation.

Recent studies indicate that insulin stimulation of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 translocation requires at least two distinct insulin receptor-mediated signals: one leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase and the other to the activation of the small GTP binding protein TC10. We now demonstrate that TC10 is processed through the secretory membrane trafficking system and localizes to caveolin-enriched lipid raft microdomains. Although insulin activated the wild-type TC10 protein and a TC10/H-Ras chimera that were targeted to lipid raft microdomains, it was unable to activate a TC10/K-Ras chimera that was directed to the nonlipid raft domains. Similarly, only the lipid raft-localized TC10/ H-Ras chimera inhibited GLUT4 translocation, whereas the TC10/K-Ras chimera showed no significant inhibitory activity. Furthermore, disruption of lipid raft microdomains by expression of a dominant-interfering caveolin 3 mutant (Cav3/DGV) inhibited the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and TC10 lipid raft localization and activation without affecting PI-3 kinase signaling. These data demonstrate that the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes requires the spatial separation and distinct compartmentalization of the PI-3 kinase and TC10 signaling pathways

Danza Educativa. Creación Coreográfica: Cómo y Por Que

La danza es un recurso muy importante en las etapas educativos por su enorme influencia en el desarrollo de la creatividad, bien sea como actividad individual o colectiva. Las situaciones en el aula se deben orientar para que originen respuestas creativas, para ello se exponen 5 pa- sos a seguir: crear, relacionar, observar, bailar e imaginar. Se plantea una metodología basada en 4 fases: desarrollo de la concienciación, la explo- ración y el descubrimiento; interiorización y la aplicación de los instrumentos para la expresión; selección y desarrollo de las ideas para promover la comunicación; y finalmente la autoiniciativa y el refinamiento de los gestos

"Tudo sobre rodas" - projecto de dança inclusiva

A cultura e a arte são elementos essenciais de uma educação completa que conduza ao pleno desenvolvimento do indivíduo. A educação artística é um direito humano universal, incluindo aqueles que muitas vezes são excluídos da educação, como os grupos minoritários e pessoas com deficiência. Este projeto passou pela criação de um grupo de Dança/Teatro, com vista à criação e apresentação de novas criações bem como ao desenvolvimento de um espaço de reflexão, investigação teórica e consciencialização pessoal no cruzamento entre as artes performativas e a inclusão social e cultural. O objectivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver uma pesquisa-ação sobre todo o processo, das quais saíram algumas conclusões principais: É possível incluir socialmente através da arte e através de métodos de trabalho adaptados aos participantes obtêm-se produtos artísticos de qualidade.The culture and the arts are essential elements of a complete education that leads to the full development of the individual. The artistic education is a universal human right, including those that many times are excluded from the education, as the minority groups and people with deficiency. This project has resulted from the creation of a Dance/Theatre group, having as main objective creating and presenting new creations as well as the development of a space for reflection, personal awareness and theoretical research at the crossroads between the performing arts and the social and cultural inclusion. V The goal of this thesis was to develop an action research about the whole process, which left some key findings: You can include socially through art and through working methods adapted to the participants you can get quality artistic products

El Esfuerzo Físico en el Baile Flamenco de Principios del S. XX y el Actual

En este artículo se analiza como ha evolucionado el esfuerzo físico del baile flamenco a lo largo del último siglo. Se ha estudiado el tiempo que se dedica a las fases de braceo y zapateado, así como los tipos, velocidad y frecuencia de zapa- teado. En todas las variables analizadas, se ha observado mayores exigencias en el baile fla- menco actual

Caesarean section and risk of unexplained stillbirth in subsequent pregnancy

Background Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of disorders of placentation in subsequent pregnancies, but effects on the rate of antepartum stillbirth are unknown. We aimed to establish whether previous caesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of antepartum stillbirth. Methods We linked pregnancy discharge data from the Scottish Morbidity Record (1980–98) and the Scottish Stillbirth and Infant Death Enquiry (1985–98). We estimated the relative risk of antepartum stillbirth in second pregnancies using time-to-event analyses. Findings For 120 633 singleton second births, there were 68 antepartum stillbirths in 17 754 women previously delivered by caesarean section (2–39 per 10 000 women per week) and 244 in 102879 women previously delivered vaginally (1·44; p<0·001). Risk of unexplained stillbirth associated with previous caesarean delivery differed significantly with gestational age (p=0·04); the excess risk was apparent from 34 weeks (hazard ratio 2·23 [95% Cl 1·48–3·36]). Risk was not attenuated by adjustment for maternal characteristics or outcome of the first pregnancy (2·74 [1·74–4·30]). The absolute risk of unexplained stillbirth at or after 39 weeks' gestation was 1·1 per 1000 women who had had a previous caesarean section and 0·5 per 1000 in those who had not. The difference was due mostly to an excess of unexplained stillbirths among women previously delivered by caesarean section. Interpretation Delivery by caesarean section in the first pregnancy could increase the risk of unexplained stillbirth in the second. In women with one previous caesarean delivery, the risk of unexplained antepartum stillbirth at or after 39 weeks' gestation is about double the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death from intrapartum uterine rupture

The global burden attributable to low bone mineral density

Introduction: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 estimated the worldwide health burden of 291 diseases and injuries and 67 risk factors by calculating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Osteoporosis was not considered as a disease, and bone mineral density (BMD) was analysed as a risk factor for fractures, which formed part of the health burden due to falls. Objectives: To calculate (1) the global distribution of BMD, (2) its population attributable fraction (PAF) for fractures and subsequently for falls, and (3) the number of DALYs due to BMD. Methods: A systematic review was performed seeking population-based studies in which BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck in people aged 50 years and over. Age- and sex-specific mean ± SD BMD values (g/cm2) were extracted from eligible studies. Comparative risk assessment methodology was used to calculate PAFs of BMD for fractures. The theoretical minimum risk exposure distribution was estimated as the age- and sex-specific 90th centile from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Relative risks of fractures were obtained from a previous meta-analysis. Hospital data were used to calculate the fraction of the health burden of falls that was due to fractures. Results: Global deaths and DALYs attributable to low BMD increased from 103 000 and 3 125 000 in 1990 to 188 000 and 5 216 000 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of low BMD in the total global burden almost doubled from 1990 (0.12%) to 2010 (0.21%). Around one-third of falls-related deaths were attributable to low BMD. Conclusions: Low BMD is responsible for a growing global health burden, only partially representative of the real burden of osteoporosis

The adapter importin-α provides flexible control of nuclear import at the expense of efficiency

Although there exists a large family of nuclear transport receptors (Karyopherins), the majority of known import cargoes use an adapter protein, Importin-α (Impα), which links the cargo to a karyopherin, Importin-β (Impβ). The reason for the existence of transport adapters is unknown. One hypothesis is that, as Impα re-export is coupled to GTP hydrolysis, it can drive a higher concentration of nuclear cargo than could be achieved by direct cargo binding to Importin-β. However, computer simulations predicted the opposite outcome, and showed that direct transport is faster than adapter-mediated transport. These predictions were validated experimentally. The data, together with previous analyses of nuclear protein import, suggest that the use of adapters such as importin-α provides the cell with increased dynamic range for control of nuclear import rates, but at the expense of efficiency