Selection Bias in Value of Travel Time Savings

In this paper we investigate the value of travel time savings. Estimation of this is in most cases based on samples using a specific mode. We use a mixed logit model to estimate the VTTS together with an auxiliary probit equation to capture the fact that the sample is non random. The results show that the probit equation in some cases gives extra information that can be used to improve the VTTS estimates from the mixed logit model. Hence this opens a way to investigate the possible selection bias in standard estimations of VTTS

Analyser af GPS‐data fra ”Test en elbil” og TU data

Artiklen undersøger data fra ”Test en elbil”‐projektet. Husstandes kørsel i deres konventionelle bil og den lånte elbil sammenlignes. Derudover inddrages data fra transportvaneundersøgelsen (TU) for at sammenligne kørselsmønstrene med danskernes daglige kørsel. Resultaterne bekræfter en række gængse formodning, f.eks. at elbiler benyttes til kortere ture, samt at motorveje undgås med elbiler. Derudover viser resultaterne, at kun 12,1 % af turkæderne fra TU ikke kan klares med elbiler. Resultatet bestyrker, at elbilerne har et potentiale til dagligdags transport for mange danskere, såfremt der tilbydes passende opladningsmuligheder eller andre transportmuligheder for at dække de få turkæder, som ikke kan klares med elbiler

A long-distance travel demand model for Europe

In Europe, approximately 50% of all passenger kilometres come from trips beyond 100 km according to matrices developed in the TRANSTOOLS project. This accounts for an even larger share of CO2 emissions due to a higher modal share of air transport. Therefore long-distance trips are increasingly relevant from a political and environmental point of view. The paper presents the first tour-based long-distance travel demand model for passenger trips in and between 42 European countries. The model is part of a new European transport model developed for the European Commission, the TRANSTOOLS II model, and will serve as an important tool for transport policy analysis at a European level. The model is formulated as a nested logit model and estimated based on travel diary data with segmentation into business, private, and holiday trips. We analyse the estimation results and present elasticities for a number of different level-ofservice variables. The results suggest that the perception of both travel time and cost varies with journey length in a non-linear way. For car drivers and car passengers, elasticities increase with the length of the journey, whereas the opposite is true for rail, bus, and air passengers – a fact that reflects a change in substitutability. Moreover, elasticities differ significantly by trip purpose with private trips having the highest and holiday trips the lowest elasticities

Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders - part 1. The case of takiwasi center and other similar experiences

Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar una visión de los centros en las Américas que utilizan plantas medicinales tradicionales o sus derivados en el tratamiento de la dependencia a sustancias. Metodología. A tal fin, hemos considerado un número reducido de plantas provenientes de América del Sur, América Central y América del Norte. La investigación se ha basado en la literatura científica, el intercambio de información con los centros de tratamiento, las búsquedas en internet y la experiencia personal de los autores. Resultados y discusión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de ciertas plantas psicoactivas bien conocidas también por inducir estados modificados de conciencia (EMC) como ayahuasca, coca, wachuma, tabaco, hongos psilocibios, Salvia divinorum y peyote. Conclusiones. La terapia asistida por plantas para el tratamiento de trastornos por uso de sustancias parece ser un campo de investigación prometedor, aunque la validación de los resultados clínicos debe mejorarse para la mayoría de los casos analizados.Objective. This article aims to give an overview of the major American centers using traditional herbal medicine or their derivatives in the treatment of substance dependence. Methodology. For the purpose of this article we have considered a small number of plants hailing from South, Central and North America. The research has been based on scientific literature, information exchange with treatment centers, internet searches and the personal experience of the authors. Results and discussion. Results show the relevance of certain psychoactive plants well known also for inducing modified states of consciousness (MSCs) including Ayahuasca, Coca, Wachuma, Tobacco, Psilocybe mushrooms, Salvia divinorum and Peyote. Conclusions. Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders appear to be a promising field of research, although validation of the clinical outcomes need to be improved for the majority of the analyzed cases

Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders part 2 : beyond blurred boundaries.

Objetivo. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión de los centros a nivel global que utilizan derivados de plantas o animales para el tratamiento de trastornos por uso de sustancias y ofrecer una reflexión sobre el concepto de drogas como agentes medicinales o tóxicos según el contexto de uso, cultura y política. Metodología. Hemos considerado algunas prácticas provenientes de África, Asia, Europa y las Américas, realizando una investigación basada en literatura científica, intercambio de información con centros de tratamiento, búsquedas en Internet y la experiencia personal de los autores. Resultados y discusión. Se describen diferentes casos de uso de medicinas naturales, incluyendo derivados psicoactivos de la Tabernanthe iboga y Bufo alvarius. Conclusiones. Las fronteras borrosas entre considerar el consumo de drogas como un crimen o un problema de salud podrían superarse inspirándose en la antigua sabiduría de las medicinas tradicionales.Objective. This article aims to offer a vision of the centers at a global level that use derivatives of plants or animals for the treatment of substance use disorders, and to offer a reflection on the concept of drugs as medicinal or toxicant agents depending on the context of use, culture and policy. Methodology. Some practices coming from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas were considered, carrying out a research based on scientific literature, exchange of information with treatment centers, internet search and the personal experience of the authors. Results and Discussion. Different cases of the use of natural medicines are described including psychoactive derivatives of Tabernanthe iboga and Bufo alvarius. Conclusions. The blurred boundaries between considering drug consumption as a crime or as a health issue could be overcome by being inspired by the ancient wisdom of traditional medicines