Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks;Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26?61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6?19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4?100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused <18% mortality of T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Fil: Morales Sinue I. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Martinez, Ana Mabel. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Viñuela, Elisa. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Madrid; EspañaFil: Chavarrieta, Juan M. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Figueroa, Jorge Isaac. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales; MéxicoFil: Schneider, Marcela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Tamayo, Fernando. Centro de Sanidad Vegetal de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Pineda, Samuel. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; Méxic

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Metabolic aspects and complications of hyperuricemia

The results of epidemiological observations have led to a revaluation of uric acid role in different metabolic, cardiovascular and renal illnesses. The role of hyperuricemia as an independent cardiovascular risk factor is difficult to evaluate even in multivariate models analysis, since there are inconclusive and weak results in most studies. This difficulty is observed due to the strong association of uric acid with other classic cardiovascular risk factors which do not allow its distinction as an independently risk factor. For many years it was considered a biologically inert substance, but later, it was found that it has many biological properties which could be beneficial or harmful for human beings. Nowadays there is a controversial discussion about its role, whether it is protective for having anti-oxidant properties or harmful due to its pro-oxidants in the atherosclerotic plaque and in adipose tissue which could determine that it is not only a risk marker, but also a causal factor for metabolic illnesses as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and/or renal illnesses. In this consensus we have updated these concepts trying to clarify the mentioned role, so that in the future, regulations could be introduced, which are not established so far, in order to decide whether hyperuricemia must be treated, in which cases, which cut-off levels must be used and which should be the therapeutic objectives in each circumstance

[El parto adolescente por cohorte y su relación con factores sociodemográficos, en Panamá ] Adolescent childbirth by cohort and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in Panama.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of adolescent childbirth by cohort over time and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in Panama. METHODOLOGY: The analysis was conducted through logistic regression, based on a secondary analysis of the Panama "Encuesta nacional de salud sexual y reproductiva 2014- 2015" (2014-2015 National Survey on Sexual and Reproductive Health), using cohorts by year of birth (1966-1975, 1976-1985, 1986-1995, and 1996-2000). A total of 4795 adult women (20-49 years old) and 821 adolescent girls (15-19 years old) were included. RESULTS: We found an increased prevalence of adolescent childbirth between cohorts, where prevalence was 30.9% in the older cohort (1966-1975) and 51.5% in the 1986- 1995 cohort. In all cohorts, adolescent childbirth was associated with rurality (1966-1975, 42.3% rural non Indigenous; 1976- 1985, 56.6% rural Indigenous; 1986-1995, 65.4% rural non Indigenous, and 58.2% rural Indigenous). Adolescent childbirth was also associated with lower well-being; across all cohorts, there was a prevalence of over 40% in the lowest wealth quintile. Adolescent childbirth was associated with having 4 or more children in the older cohorts (1966-1975 and 1976-1985), with a prevalence of over 63%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adolescent childbirth in Panama has continued to increase. Rural and lower well-being populations have continued to exhibit a higher prevalence of adolescent childbirth, which signals where to focus preventive interventions

La pandemia en/desde Jujuy: reflexiones situadas

Acaso no podrí amos afirmar que la pandemia llego a nuestra sociedad mundial causando un pandemo - nium?. En cierto modo, ma s alla del juego de palabras, gran parte de nosotros lo sentimos así . Es claro, una pandemia, es una enfermedad que afecta a la sociedad. Perturba intensamente la cotidianeidad, las ocupaciones, y, en general, lo que en estos dí as an oramos como la “vida normal” de todos. Si contraemos una enfermedad ma s o menos aguda, todas nuestras actividades se ven afectadas, se desordenan. Cuando ello ocurre, pra cticamente debemos concentrarnos, casi con exclusividad, en superar la afeccio n con la ayuda de profesionales de la salud, cualquiera sea el abordaje disciplinario que nos resulte ma s adecuado y confiable. Así , del mismo modo, la pandemia afecta a toda la comunidad, a todas sus actividades. Y, en este caso tambie n la principal preocupacio n es superar la afeccio n. Entonces hay que buscar alternativas para el resto de las tareas, que deben transcurrir entre los estrechos ma rgenes que nos permiten tanto el cuidado personal como el social, ambos imprescindibles.Fil: Aramayo, Anahí. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Andrea Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Rodrigo Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Astorga, Farid Diego. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Assad, Lucas Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Hoyos, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Balut, Jorgelina. No especifíca;Fil: Angulo Villán, Florencia Raquel. No especifíca;Fil: Brailovsky, Sofia Miriam. No especifíca;Fil: Carrizo, María José. No especifíca;Fil: Bustamante, Patricia. No especifíca;Fil: Jaled, Daniela Alejandra. No especifíca;Fil: Castillo, Silvina Ana Lia. No especifíca;Fil: Díaz, Enrique Antonio. No especifíca;Fil: Cieza, Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Cuva, Cecilia Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Rivas, Rosana Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Altea, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Garzon, Analia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mamani, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Villarroel, Viviana Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Costas Frison, Celeste. No especifíca;Fil: Montenegro, Erica Maricel. No especifíca;Fil: Guzmán, Vilma Roxana. No especifíca;Fil: Donaire, Claudia. No especifíca;Fil: Herrera, Ana Soledad. No especifíca;Fil: Cardozo, Juana Griselda. No especifíca;Fil: Nieva, Nuria Noelia. No especifíca;Fil: Miranda , Ana Lía. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Patagua, Patricia Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Carina Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Bustamante, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Navarro Suárez, Camila. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Yufra, Laura Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Massari, María Justina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Cortez, Carla Melisa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Rovetta, Ana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zinger, Sabrina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Alba, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Arrueta, Patricia Marisel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Constant, Juan. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Gumiel, Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Zazzarini, Susana. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Valente, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Bergesio, Liliana del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: González, Natividad María. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nieva, Florencia Antonella. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Callieri, Ivanna Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Montes, Elena Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Civila Orellana, Fabiola Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villarrubia Gómez, Álvaro Patricio. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Quispe, Gloria. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Cosme, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Quispe, Ariadna Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Galián, Víctor Joel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Omar Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Cerpa, Daniela Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Luis Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Laura Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Tolaba, Gladys Sarai. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Escalante, Norberto Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Cazón, Mariela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte, María Adela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: García Vargas, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Gaona, Melina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios de Historia, Cultura y Memoria; ArgentinaFil: Zubia, Gonzalo Federico. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios de Historia, Cultura y Memoria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kulemeyer, Jorge Alberto. No especifíca;Fil: Pantoja, Rodrigo. No especifíca;Fil: Paz, María Elisa. No especifíca;Fil: Rivero, Ariel Rodolfo. No especifíca;Fil: Rocabado, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Villagra, Gabriela Soledad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Adi Barrionuevo, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Adi Barrionuevo, Irene. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Aramayo, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Miriam Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Rios, Natalia Fatima. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rocabado, Zaida Nadia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Sandoval, Cecilia. No especifíca;Fil: Soto, Mercedes. No especifíca;Fil: Osores, Noelia Andrea del Valle. No especifíca;Fil: Revollo, Jimena ;Citterio. No especifíca;Fil: Gutiérrez, Ivone Belén. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Juste, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Vidal, José Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Karasik, Gabriela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Bruce, Beatriz Maria. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentin

A randomized trial of planned cesarean or vaginal delivery for twin pregnancy

Background: Twin birth is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than singleton birth. It is unclear whether planned cesarean section results in a lower risk of adverse outcomes than planned vaginal delivery in twin pregnancy.\ud \ud Methods: We randomly assigned women between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation with twin pregnancy and with the first twin in the cephalic presentation to planned cesarean section or planned vaginal delivery with cesarean only if indicated. Elective delivery was planned between 37 weeks 5 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, with the fetus or infant as the unit of analysis for the statistical comparison.\ud \ud Results: A total of 1398 women (2795 fetuses) were randomly assigned to planned cesarean delivery and 1406 women (2812 fetuses) to planned vaginal delivery. The rate of cesarean delivery was 90.7% in the planned-cesarean-delivery group and 43.8% in the planned-vaginal-delivery group. Women in the planned-cesarean-delivery group delivered earlier than did those in the planned-vaginal-delivery group (mean number of days from randomization to delivery, 12.4 vs. 13.3; P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the composite primary outcome between the planned-cesarean-delivery group and the planned-vaginal-delivery group (2.2% and 1.9%, respectively; odds ratio with planned cesarean delivery, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.74; P = 0.49).\ud \ud Conclusion: In twin pregnancy between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation, with the first twin in the cephalic presentation, planned cesarean delivery did not significantly decrease or increase the risk of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, as compared with planned vaginal delivery