93 research outputs found
Symmetry-based approach to electron-phonon interactions in graphene
We use the symmetries of monolayer graphene to write a set of constraints
that must be satisfied by any electron-phonon interaction hamiltonian. The
explicit solution as a series expansion in the momenta gives the most general,
model-independent couplings between electrons and long wavelength acoustic and
optical phonons. As an application, the possibility of describing elastic
strains in terms of effective electromagnetic fields is considered in detail,
with an emphasis on group theory conditions and the role of time reversal
symmetry.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure. Treatment of ripples in suspended graphene sheets
included. Revised journal version with improved presentation and two new
appendice
Non-Abelian anomalies and hadronic fluids
By using differential geometry methods, we study the role of non-Abelian anomalies
in relativistic fluids. We obtain closed expressions for the covariant currents derived from the
Chern-Simons effective action. Our results are also applied to the Wess-Zumino-Witten action
that accounts for the interaction of Goldstone bosons with external electromagnetic fields. We
particularize these results to QCD with two light flavors.Plan Nacional de Altas Energias Spanish MINECO
FPA2015-64041-C2-1-P
FPA2015-64041-C2-2-PBasque Government IT979-16Spanish MINEICOEuropean Union (EU)
FIS2017-85053-C2-1-PJunta de Andalucia
FQM-225Spanish MINEICO Ramon y Cajal Program
RYC-2016-20678Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spai
Non-Abelian anomalous (super)fluids in thermal equilibrium from differential geometry
We apply differential geometry methods to the computation of the anomalyinduced
hydrodynamic equilibrium partition function. Implementing the imaginary-time
prescription on the Chern-Simons effective action on a stationary background, we obtain
general closed expressions for both the invariant and anomalous part of the partition function.
This is applied to the Wess-Zumino-Witten action for Goldstone modes, giving the
equilibrium partition function of superfluids. In all cases, we also study the anomalyinduced
gauge currents and energy-momentum tensor, providing explicit expressions for
them.This work has been supported by Plan Nacional de Altas Energías Spanish MINECO
grants FPA2015-64041-C2-1-P, FPA2015-64041-C2-2-P, and by Basque Government grant
IT979-16. The research of E.M. is also supported by Spanish MINEICO and European
FEDER funds grant FIS2017-85053-C2-1-P, Junta de Andalucía grant FQM-225, as well
as by Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU through a Visiting Professor appointment
and by Spanish MINEICO Ramón y Cajal Progra
Influence of freezing temperatures prior to freeze‐drying on viability of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine
Aims: To determine the effect of three different freezing temperatures on
post-freeze-drying survival rates of wine yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
To know if a similar freeze-drying protocol can be used for both micro-
organisms.
Methods and Results: Cells from liquid culture media were recovered and
concentrated in appropriate lyoprotectants. Aliquots of each strain were frozen
at 20, 80 and 196°C before vacuum drying. Viable cell counts were done
before freezing and after freeze-drying. Survival rates were calculated. Freezing
temperatures differently affected yeast and bacteria survival. The highest
survival rates were obtained at 20 and 80°C for yeasts, but at 196° C for
LAB. Major differences in survival rates were recorded among freeze-dried
yeasts, but were less drastic for LAB. Yeasts Pichia membranifaciens, Starmerella
bacillaris and Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and LAB Lactobacillus paracasei,
Pediococcus parvulus and Lactobacillus mali, were the most tolerant species to
freeze-drying, regardless of freezing temperature.
Conclusions: Yeast and LAB survival rates differed for each tested freezing
temperature. For yeasts, 20°C ensured the highest post-freeze-drying viability
and 196°C for LAB.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Freezing temperature to freeze-dry cells
is a crucial factor for ensuring good wine yeast and LAB survival. These results
are important for appropriately preserving micro-organisms and for improving
starter production processes
Bardeen-Anomaly and Wess-Zumino Term in the Supersymmetric Standard Model
We construct the Bardeen anomaly and its related Wess-Zumino term in the
supersymmetric standard model. In particular we show that it can be written in
terms of a composite linear superfield related to supersymmetrized Chern-Simons
forms, in very much the same way as the Green-Schwarz term in four-dimensional
string theory. Some physical applications, such as the contribution to the g-2
of gauginos when a heavy top is integrated out, are briefly discussed.Comment: 21 pages, (plain TeX), CERN.TH-6845/93, DFPD 93/TH/32,
UCLA/93/TEP/13, NYU-TH-93/10/01, ENSLAPP-A442/9
Models of electron transport in single layer graphene
The main features of the conductivity of doped single layer graphene are
analyzed, and models for different scattering mechanisms are presented.Comment: 15 pages. Submitted to the Proceedings of the ULTI symposium on
Quantum Phenomena and Devices at Low Temperatures, Espoo, Finland, to be
published in the Journ. of Low. Temp. Phy
Band gap opening by two-dimensional manifestation of Peierls instability in graphene
Using first-principles calculations of graphene having high-symmetry
distortion or defects, we investigate band gap opening by chiral symmetry
breaking, or intervalley mixing, in graphene and show an intuitive picture of
understanding the gap opening in terms of local bonding and antibonding
hybridizations. We identify that the gap opening by chiral symmetry breaking in
honeycomb lattices is an ideal two-dimensional (2D) extension of the Peierls
metal-insulator transition in 1D linear lattices. We show that the spontaneous
Kekule distortion, a 2D version of the Peierls distortion, takes place in
biaxially strained graphene, leading to structural failure. We also show that
the gap opening in graphene antidots and armchair nanoribbons, which has been
attributed usually to quantum confinement effects, can be understood with the
chiral symmetry breaking
Anomalies and WZW-term of two-flavour QCD
The U(2)_R x U(2)_L symmetry of QCD with two massless flavours is subject to
anomalies which affect correlation functions involving the singlet currents
A^0_\mu or V^0_\mu. These are relevant for pion-photon interactions, because -
for two flavours - the electromagnetic current contains a singlet piece. We
give the effective Lagrangian required for the corresponding low energy
analysis to next-to-leading order, without invoking an expansion in the mass of
the strange quark. In particular, the Wess-Zumino-Witten term that accounts for
the two-flavour anomalies within the effective theory is written down in closed
form.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
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