Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A Trypsin Inhibitor from Tamarind Reduces Food Intake and Improves Inflammatory Status in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Regardless of Weight Loss

Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n = 5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: (1) Cafeteria diet; (2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/kg); and (3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we showed that TTI added to a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment

Calogênese e teores de fenóis e tatinos totais em barbatimão [stryphnodendron adstringens (mart.) coville] Callogenesis and contents of total phenols and tannins in barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adsrtingens (Mart.) Coville]

Atualmente, culturas de células ou de suspensões celulares têm sido frequentemente empregadas para produzir fitoterápicos com maiores concentrações de princípios ativos. O barbatimão é uma importante espécie medicinal do Cerrado, com taninos nas cascas do caule. Objetivando-se induzir calos em barbatimão e avaliar os teores de fenóis e taninos totais, explantes foliares foram inoculados em meio MS suplementado com 30 g L-1 sacarose e acrescidos de 2,4-D (0; 4,52; 9,05; 18,10 &#956;M ) e BAP (0; 4,44; 8,88; 17,75 &#956;M ), na presença e ausência de luz. A calogênese ocorreu em meios contendo 2,4-D, na presença de luz. O número de calos não variou com as concentrações de 2,4-D e maiores valores de matérias fresca e seca de calos e teores de fenóis totais foram observados em meios com 9,05 &#956;M e 18,10 &#956;M de 2,4-D, na presença e ausência de luz. Com BAP, a calogênese ocorreu na ausência de luz, com maior produção de calos na presença de 4,44 e 8,88 &#956;M de BAP e maiores valores de matéria fresca e seca em meios com 4,44 &#956;M de BAP. Calos crescidos em meios suplementados 4,44 e 17,75 &#956;M de BAP apresentaram maiores teores de fenóis totais. Não se detectaram taninos, independente do regulador empregado.<br>Recently, cell cultures and cell suspensions have been frequently employed to produce phytotherapics with high amounts of active principles. Barbatimão is a native species from the Cerrado, with tannins in the stem bark. In order to induce callus in barbatimão and evaluate the content of total phenols and tannins, leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium, supplemented with sucrose 30 g L¹ and 2,4-D (0, 4.52, 9.05, 18.10 &#956;M ) and BA (0, 4.44, 8.88, 17.75 &#956;M ), in the presence and absence of light. The callogenesis occurred on medium containing 2,4-D, in the presence of light. The callus number did not alter with the different concentrations of 2,4-D but higher values of dry and fresh matter of the callus and total phenol contents were observed in medium with 9.05 &#956;M and 18.10 &#956;M of 2,4-D, independently of the light treatment. In treatments with BA, the callogenesis occurred in the absence of light and higher callus induction was observed in medium supplemented with 4.44 and 8.88 &#956;M BA in the absence of light and higher values of dry and fresh matter of the callus were observed in medium increased with 4.44 &#956;M BA. Callus grown on medium supplemented with 4.44 and 17.75 &#956;M BA showed higher total phenol content. Tannins were not detected independently of the regulator used

Jóvenes, cultura y política en América Latina : algunos trayectos de sus relaciones, experiencias y lecturas 1960-2000

Este libro se propone visibilizar las voces y prácticas de los jóvenes como grupo humano inmerso en las complejas dinámicas sociales a nivel local, nacional y global. Además, plantea valorar su potencial creador de nuevas formas de ser en el mundo y de construirlo a partir de sus deseos. Desde estas perspectivas, el Grupo de Trabajo de CLACSO Juventud y nuevas prácticas políticas en América Latina, ha desarrollado indagaciones y reflexiones en torno a las formas tradicionales y contemporáneas en las que los jóvenes aparecen en el mundo y, a la vez, cómo éste los toca, transforma y constituye cotidianamente. Trabajamos desde diversas miradas que pasan por lo estético, lo cultural, lo político, lo social y lo ético. La obra que presentamos expresa el debate colectivo, intergeneracional y con diversidad de perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas alrededor de "los nuevos sentidos, prácticas y discursos que van emergiendo en torno a la ciudadanía de jóvenes en América Latina y sus nuevas formas de hacer política desde lo juvenil, profundizando en las maneras particulares como los y las jóvenes se vinculan a la construcción del orden político, para identificar y fortalecer aquellos sentidos, prácitcas y discursos más inclusivos, democráticos y participativos" (Documento del GT, 2007)ÍNDICE PRESENTACIÓN ....................................... 7 Sara Victoria Alvarado y Pablo A. Vommaro PRÓLOGO El imperio de los jóvenes ....... 13 Carles Feixa CAPÍTULO 1 Del Cordobazo al kirchnerismo. Una lectura crítica acerca de los períodos, temáticas y perspectivas en los estudios sobre juventudes y participación política en la Argentina .......... 21 Andrea Bonvillani, Alicia Itatí Palermo, Melina Vázquez y Pablo A. Vommaro CAPÍTULO 2 A categoria juventude rural no Brasil: o processo de construção de um ator político. Contribuições para um estado da arte ............. 55 Elisa Guaraná de Castro, José Gabriel Correa, Maíra Martins y Salomé Lima Ferreira CAPÍTULO 3 Los estudios sobre juventud. Algunas tendencias y lugares de la producción de conocimiento sobre los jóvenes en Venezuela .......... 89 Emilia Bermúdez y Gildardo Martínez CAPÍTULO 4 Participación política y organización de jóvenes en Colombia vista desde la tensión plan de organización-plan de consistencia .......... 113 Humberto Cubides C. CAPÍTULO 5 La Juventud en la Sociología Uruguaya: estado del arte ........... 137 Juan Romero y Natalia Moreira CAPÍTULO 6 Hacia un estado del arte sobre sentidos y prácticas políticas juveniles en Colombia. 2000-2008 ....... 163 Liliana Galindo Ramírez y Fabián Acosta Sánchez CAPÍTULO 7 La emergencia reciente de estudios sobre pandillas en América Latina......... 205 Mario Zúñiga Núñez CAPÍTULO 8 Producción académica sobre la relación historia, juventud y política en Colombia: Una aproximación a su estado del arte desde mediados del siglo XX ....... 231 Patricia Botero, Héctor Fabio Ospina, Sara Victoria Alvarado y José Rubén Castillo CAPÍTULO 9 Nuevas Prácticas Políticas en Jóvenes de Chile: Conocimientos acumulados 2000-2008........ 263 Equipo Centro de Estudios en Juventud CAPÍTULO 10 Jovens urbanos, ações estético-culturais e novas práticas políticas: estado da arte (1960-2000) ......... 293 Silvia H. S. Borelli, Rose M. Rocha, Rita C. A. Oliveira, Lucia H. V. Rangel y Marcos Lara AUTORES ............ 32