L² -estimates for the evolving surface finite element method

In this paper we consider the evolving surface finite element method for the advection and diffusion of a conserved scalar quantity on a moving surface. In an earlier paper using a suitable variational formulation in time dependent Sobolev space we proposed and analysed a finite element method using surface finite elements on evolving triangulated surfaces. An optimal order H¹ -error bound was proved for linear finite elements. In this work we prove the optimal error bound in L² (Γ(t)) uniformly in time

K/T age for the popigai impact event

The multi-ringed POPIGAI structure, with an outer ring diameter of over 100 km, is the largest impact feature currently recognized on Earth with an Phanerozoic age. The target rocks in this relatively unglaciated region consist of upper Proterozoic through Mesozoic platform sediments and igneous rocks overlying Precambrian crystalline basement. The reported absolute age of the Popigai impact event ranges from 30.5 to 39 Ma. With the intent of refining this age estimate, a melt-breccia (suevite) sample from the inner regions of the Popigai structure was prepared for total fusion and step-wise heating Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis. Although the total fusion and step-heating experiments suggest some degree of age heterogeneity, the recurring theme is an age of around 64 to 66 Ma

Reply to Comment on "Chiral suppression of scalar glueball decay"

Reply to the comment of Chao, He, and Ma

Bobot minimal arborescence dari graph berarah dan aplikasinya

Graph berara,h G = ( V,E ) memuat suatu arbores¬cence /—= ( V,T ) dengan TCE dan mempunyai bobot w(T) Arborescence adalah suatu tree (pohon) yang mempunyai satu akar dan setiap titik lainnya (berbeda dengan akar) di da¬lam-G dapat dicapal hanya dengan satu lintasan saja lai dari akar tersebut. Melalui definisi dan teorema akan dicari suatu penyelesaian masalah untuk mendapatkan arbo rescence dengan bobot minimal. Serta dipakai suatu algorit ma dan flow chart untuk memahami langkah-langkah penyele¬saianny

A critical analysis of COA research.

Five experts respected for their significant contributions to the scientific literature on children of alcoholics (COA's) offer their perspectives in a panel discussion format. The panel members reflect on the historical roots of COA research and comment on its current status and future direction. Enriched by the panelists' variety of backgrounds, research interests, and approaches, the discussion emphasizes the need to consider multiple variables that influence the risk for alcoholism among COA's

Kotimaisten metsäpuiden erikoismuotojen rikkautta

Kirja-arvosteluKirja: Nikkanen, T. & Velling, P. (toim.). 2011. Metsäpuiden erikoismuodot. Koristepuita viherrakentamiseen. Metsäkustannus, Helsinki. 156 s. ISBN 978-952-5694-81-9

Mode stabilized terrace InGaAsP lasers on semi-insulating InP

Mode stabilized terrace InGaAsP lasers have been fabricated on semi-insulating InP substrates. The fabrication involves a selective, single-step liquid phase epitaxial growth process, and a lateral Zn diffusion. Two versions of the terrace lasers are fabricated, and threshold currents as low as 35 mA and 50 mA respectively are obtained. The lasers operate with a stable single lateral mode. High power performance is observed. These lasers are suitable for monolithic integration with other optoelectronic devices

Piracicaba river basin : mechanical and chemical erosion

It was carried out the characterization of the mechanical and chemical erosive processes in the Piracicaba River basin, for the period 1992-1996, in terms of the fluvial transport of dissolved and particulate materials. The mechanical erosion was calculated from the suspended sediment transport in the basin, considering the surface runoff discharge and the respective concentration calculated taking in account the statistical hydrogram separation method employed. The specific physical degradation calculated for the Piracicaba River basin was 90 t/km2.a, which correspond the velocity of the soil thickness reduction of about 64 m/Ma. The dissolved load of Piracicaba River was corrected due to the influence of the atmospheric inputs, mainly for SO4 2-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ (79.6; 63.8 and 41.8%, respectively). After the input corrections, it was estimated the total atmospheric/soil CO2 consumed during the silicate weathering (229 x 103 moles/km2.a) and the total chemical erosion (16.6 t/km2.a) expressed in terms of the total dissolved solids transported in the basin. The velocity of the silicate rock profile reduction (2.8 m/Ma) was calculated by the fluvial transport of dissolved silica knowing the mean silica concentrations in the parent rock and in the soil profile

Vertaileva aikatutkimus Risutec APC- ja Bracke-istutuslaitteista

TutkimusselosteSeloste artikkelista: Laine, T. & Saarinen, V.-M. (2014). Comparative study of the Risutec Automatic Plant Container (APC) and Bracke planting devices. Silva Fennica vol. 48(3), article id 1161.201

The heterogeneity of target recognition by lymphokine-activated killer precursor cells.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that were depleted of mature cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. PBL NK activity was abolished by pretreatment of effector cells with the toxic lysosomotropic agent L-leucine methyl ester (LME) or by depletion of effector cells by K562 monolayer absorption (MA). Both treatments markedly reduced the proportion of cells expressing NK-associated markers such as CD 16 (Leu 11b, B73.1), Leu 7, and NKH-1 (Leu 19), whereas these treatments had minimal effects on cells expressing T cell markers (CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8). LME and MA also drastically decreased the proportion of K562 target-binding lymphocytes. LAK activity against NK-sensitive and NK-resistant targets can be generated from the NK cell-depleted PBL by incubation with interleukin-2. Peak LAK activity generated from MA-treated PBL was later than the peak of LAK activity generated from either untreated or LME-treated PBL. Although MA of PBL on NK-resistant S4 sarcoma targets had little effect on NK activity, LAK activity against both K562 and S4 targets was reduced. These results suggest that there are at least three LAK precursor subpopulations in PBL: mature NK cells that can bind and kill K562 targets (LME-sensitive and MA-sensitive); "pre-NK" cells that can bind but cannot kill (LME-resistant and MA-sensitive); and non-NK cells that cannot bind and cannot kill K562 targets (MA-resistant)