10 research outputs found
Diversity of the Schizophoria lineage (Brachiopoda: Orthida) in the Lower and Middle Devonian of Poland and adjacent areas
Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii
BACKGROUND: The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated. METHODS: Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby MTT assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where mice were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the tumor (inoculation). Tumor size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of tumor sections, T cell immunophenotyping, tumor nitric oxide level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. RESULTS: MK reduced the tumors’ size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of nitric oxide and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. CONCLUSION: The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of tumor via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the tumor samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents
Intra-specific scaling of natural mortality in fish: the paradigmatic case of the European eel
Male Weasels Decrease Activity and Energy Expenditure in Response to High Ambient Temperatures
Impact of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-derived aroylhydrazones on the copper-catalyzed oxidation of the M112A PrP103–112 mutant fragment
New classes of non-iterative energy corrections to multi-reference coupled-cluster energies
Wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella, and transmitted viruses: an expanding pest complex affecting cereal crops
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, and the plant viruses it transmits represent an invasive mite-virus complex that has affected cereal crops worldwide. The main damage caused by WCM comes from its ability to transmit and spread multiple damaging viruses to cereal crops, with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) being the most important. Although WCM and transmitted viruses have been of concern to cereal growers and researchers for at least six decades, they continue to represent a challenge. In older affected areas, for example in North America, this mite-virus complex still has significant economic impact. In Australia and South America, where this problem has only emerged in the last decade, it represents a new threat to winter cereal production. The difficulties encountered in making progress towards managing WCM and its transmitted viruses stem from the complexity of the pathosystem. The most effective methods for minimizing losses from WCM transmitted viruses in cereal crops have previously focused on cultural and plant resistance methods. This paper brings together information on biological and ecological aspects of WCM, including its taxonomic status, occurrence, host plant range, damage symptoms and economic impact. Information about the main viruses transmitted by WCM is also included and the epidemiological relationships involved in this vectored complex of viruses are also addressed. Management strategies that have been directed at this mite-virus complex are presented, including plant resistance, its history, difficulties and advances. Current research perspectives to address this invasive mite-virus complex and minimize cereal crop losses worldwide are also discussed.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Navia, Denise. Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; BrasilFil: Mendonça, Renata Santos de. Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; BrasilFil: Skoracka, Anna. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology. Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology; PoloniaFil: Szydło, Wiktoria. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology. Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology; PoloniaFil: Knihinicki, Danuta. Orange Agricultural Institute. Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit. NSW Department of Primary Industries; AustraliaFil: Hein, Gary L. University of Nebraska at Lincoln; Estados UnidosFil: Pereira, Paulo Roberto Valle da Silva. Embrapa Trigo; BrasilFil: Truol, Graciela Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lau, Douglas. Embrapa Trigo; Brasi
Alien leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of European Russia and some general tendencies of leaf beetle invasions
Active galactic nuclei: what’s in a name?
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are energetic astrophysical sources powered by
accretion onto supermassive black holes in galaxies, and present unique
observational signatures that cover the full electromagnetic spectrum over more
than twenty orders of magnitude in frequency. The rich phenomenology of AGN has
resulted in a large number of different "flavours" in the literature that now
comprise a complex and confusing AGN "zoo". It is increasingly clear that these
classifications are only partially related to intrinsic differences between
AGN, and primarily reflect variations in a relatively small number of
astrophysical parameters as well the method by which each class of AGN is
selected. Taken together, observations in different electromagnetic bands as
well as variations over time provide complementary windows on the physics of
different sub-structures in the AGN. In this review, we present an overview of
AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their "big picture"
through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to gamma-rays as
well as AGN variability. We address what we can learn from each observational
method, the impact of selection effects, the physics behind the emission at
each wavelength, and the potential for future studies. To conclude we use these
observations to piece together the basic architecture of AGN, discuss our
current understanding of unification models, and highlight some open questions
that present opportunities for future observational and theoretical progress.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Review, 56
pages, 25 figure