20 research outputs found
Deriving an optimal threshold of waist circumference for detecting cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
- Agoudavi K
- Assah F
- Bovet P
- Buntix F
- Chifamba J
- Christensen DL
- Crowther NJ
- Delisle H
- Ekoru K
- Enang O
- Fourie CM
- Gareta D
- Gezawa ID
- Gray WK
- Jerome CS
- Kaleebu P
- Kamali A
- Kruger S
- Longo-Mbenza B
- Mollentze W
- Motala AA
- Murphy GAV
- Muyer MC
- Njelekela M
- Norris SA
- Nzambi JPD
- Ohwovoriole E
- Okafor C
- Oladapo OO
- On'Kin JBK
- Pillay D
- Puepet F
- Raimi T
- Sabir A
- Sandhu MS
- Schutte AE
- Seeley J
- Siziya S
- Unwin N
- Walker R
- Walsh C
- Wesseh CS
- Young EH
- Publication venue
- Int J Obes (Lond)
- Publication date
- 03/10/2017
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Waist circumference (WC) thresholds derived from western populations continue to be used in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite increasing evidence of ethnic variation in the association between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease and availability of data from African populations. We aimed to derive a SSA-specific optimal WC cut-point for identifying individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: We used individual level cross-sectional data on 24 181 participants aged ⩾15 years from 17 studies conducted between 1990 and 2014 in eight countries in SSA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to derive optimal WC cut-points for detecting the presence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome (MS), excluding WC. RESULTS: The optimal WC cut-point was 81.2 cm (95% CI 78.5-83.8 cm) and 81.0 cm (95% CI 79.2-82.8 cm) for men and women, respectively, with comparable accuracy in men and women. Sensitivity was higher in women (64%, 95% CI 63-65) than in men (53%, 95% CI 51-55), and increased with the prevalence of obesity. Having WC above the derived cut-point was associated with a twofold probability of having at least two components of MS (age-adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 2.4-2.9, for men and 2.2, 95% CI 2.0-2.3, for women). CONCLUSION: The optimal WC cut-point for identifying men at increased cardiometabolic risk is lower (⩾81.2 cm) than current guidelines (⩾94.0 cm) recommend, and similar to that in women in SSA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cut-points based on cardiometabolic outcomes.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 31 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.240
Deriving an optimal threshold of waist circumference for detecting cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
- Agoudavi K.
- Assah F.
- Bovet P.
- Buntix F.
- Chifamba J.
- Christensen D. L.
- Crowther N. J.
- Delisle H.
- Ekoru K.
- Enang O.
- Fourie C. M.
- Gareta D.
- Gezawa I. D.
- Gray W. K.
- Jerome C. S.
- Kaleebu P.
- Kamali A.
- Kruger S.
- Longo-Mbenza B.
- Mollentze W.
- Motala A. A.
- Murphy G. A.V.
- Muyer M. C.
- Njelekela M.
- Norris S. A.
- Nzambi J. P.D.
- Ohwovoriole E.
- Okafor C.
- Oladapo O. O.
- On'Kin J. B.K.
- Pillay D.
- Puepet F.
- Raimi T.
- Sabir A.
- Sandhu M. S.
- Schutte A. E.
- Seeley J.
- Siziya S.
- Unwin N.
- Walker R.
- Walsh C.
- Wesseh C. S.
- Young E. H.
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Deriving an optimal threshold of waist circumference for detecting cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
- K Ekoru GAV Murphy, EH Young, H Delisle, CS Jerome , F Assah, JPD Nzambi, JBK On'Kin , F Buntix, MC Muyer, DL Christensen, CS Wesseh, A Sabir, C Okafor, ID Gezawa, F Puepet, O Enang, T Raimi, E Ohwovoriole, OO Oladapo, P Bovet, W Mollentze, N Unwin, WK Gray, R Walker K Agoudavi, S Siziya, J Chifamba, M Njelekela, CM Fourie, S Kruger, AE Schutte, C Walsh, D Gareta, A Kamali, J Seeley, SA Norris NJ Crowther, D Pillay, P Kaleebu, AA Motala and MS Sandhu on behalf of the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR)
- Longo–Mbenza Benjamin
- Publication venue
- 'The Nature Conservancy'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Waist circumference (WC) thresholds derived from western populations continue to be used in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite increasing evidence of ethnic variation in the association between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease and availability of data from African populations. We aimed to derive a SSA-specific optimal WC cut-point for identifying individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: We used individual level cross-sectional data on 24 181 participants aged ⩾15 years from 17 studies conducted between 1990 and 2014 in eight countries in SSA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to derive optimal WC cutpoints for detecting the presence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome (MS), excluding WC. RESULTS: The optimal WC cut-point was 81.2 cm (95% CI 78.5–83.8 cm) and 81.0 cm (95% CI 79.2–82.8 cm) for men and women, respectively, with comparable accuracy in men and women. Sensitivity was higher in women (64%, 95% CI 63–65) than in men (53%, 95% CI 51–55), and increased with the prevalence of obesity. Having WC above the derived cut-point was associated with a twofold probability of having at least two components of MS (age-adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 2.4–2.9, for men and 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.3, for women). CONCLUSION: The optimal WC cut-point for identifying men at increased cardiometabolic risk is lower (⩾81.2 cm) than current guidelines (⩾94.0 cm) recommend, and similar to that in women in SSA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cut-points based on cardiometabolic outcomes
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
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- Abarca-Gomez L.
- Abdeen Z. A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Rahim H. F.
- Abdurrahmonova Z.
- Abril G. L.
- Abu-Rmeileh N. M.
- Acosta-Cazares B.
- Adam I.
- Adamczyk M.
- Adams R. J.
- Adu-Afarwuah S.
- Aekplakorn W.
- Afsana K.
- Afzal S.
- Agbor V. N.
- Agdeppa I. A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari J.
- Aguenaou H.
- Aguilar-Salinas C. A.
- Agyemang C.
- Ahmad M. H.
- Ahmad N. A.
- Ahmadi A.
- Ahmadi N.
- Ahmadi N.
- Ahmed I.
- Ahmed S. H.
- Ahrens W.
- Aitmurzaeva G.
- Ajlouni K.
- Al Hourani H. M.
- Al Qaoud N. M.
- Al-Hazzaa H. M.
- Al-Lahou B.
- Al-Raddadi R.
- Alarouj M.
- AlBuhairan F.
- AlDhukair S.
- Aldwairji M. A.
- Alexius S.
- Ali M. M.
- Alkandari A.
- Alkerwi A.
- Alkhatib B. M.
- Allin K.
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M.
- Aly E.
- Amarapurkar D. N.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akram Pourshams
- Alain Morejon
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alibek Mereke
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea R V R Horimoto
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Więcek
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Anil Poudyal
- Anjani Kumar Jha
- Anna Bugge
- Anna G Iannone
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne Taylor
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annika Rosengren
- Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anup Ghimire
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Aung Soe Htet
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Aye Aye Sein
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Balkish M Naidu
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Ben Schöttker
- Benoit Salanave
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Calvin Ke
- Carl Lachat
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cézane P Reuter
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Chinwuba Ijoma
- Chongjian Wang
- Chris Cowell
- Chris J Paciorek
- Christa Scheidt-Nave
- Christin Heidemann
- Christina Howitt
- Christophe Tzourio
- Chung T Nguyen
- Cihangir Erem
- Claudia Hormiga
- Cláudia S Minderico
- Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Clive Osmond
- Cyrus Cooper
- Daan Kromhout
- Dalia Luksiene
- Damian K Francis
- Daniel A Rangel Reina
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Daniel Lemogoum
- David A Gonzalez-Chica
- David Flood
- David Goltzman
- Davide Noto
- Davood Khalili
- Deena Al Asfoor
- Deepak N Amarapurkar
- Demetre Labadarios
- Denise Eldemire-Shearer
- Dénes Molnár
- Diana A Santos
- Diane T Meto
- Dianna J Magliano
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Dolores S Andrade
- Dominique Hange
- Dušan Grafnetter
- Duygu Islek
- Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Edith J M Feskens
- Eduardo Capuano
- Edward F Fottrell
- Edward Janus
- Edward W Gregg
- Eero O Kajantie
- Elaine Dennison
- Eldridge Ferrer
- Eleonora d'Orsi
- Elisabeth M van Zutphen
- Elisabetta L Romeo
- Ellina M Iakupova
- Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
- Eman Aly
- Emanuel Zitt
- Emily B Wong
- Emmanuel Cohen
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Enguerran Macia
- Enzo Manzato
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Eric Monterrubio-Flores
- Erik J Timmermans
- Eruke E Egbagbe
- Espen Bjertness
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Eugène Sobngwi
- Eunice Ugel
- Evangelia Tzala
- Fabián Méndez
- Fadi J Charchar
- Fadia AlBuhairan
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Farbod Alinezhad
- Farhad Moradpour
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Farhad Zamani
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Farid Najafi
- Farshad Farzadfar
- Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Felipe F Casanueva
- Felipe V Cureau
- Felix K Assah
- Fereidoun Azizi
- Fernando Rigo
- Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Flavio Nervi
- Flora A M Ukoli
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Francesco Gianfagna
- Francesco Panza
- Francisco J Felix-Redondo
- François F Kaze
- Frank Buntinx
- Frank Claessens
- Freda Pitakaka
- Frederic Gottrand
- Frederick C Wu
- G K Mini
- Gabriel M Leung
- Gabriele Nagel
- Garry Jennings
- Garry R Brian
- Georg Lappas
- George L L Machado-Coelho
- Giovanni de Gaetano
- Giuseppina Imperatore
- Gladys E Maestre
- Glen Gironella
- Godsent C Isiguzo
- Gonzalo Valdivia
- Goodarz Danaei
- Gowri Mahasampath
- Graziella D'Arrigo
- Grazyna Jasienska
- Gretchen A Stevens
- Guanghui Dong
- Guillermo Frontera
- Gul Ergor
- Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Günay Can
- Gyulli M Kazakbaeva
- Habiba Ben Romdhane
- Haiquan Xu
- Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
- Halima Al-Hinai
- Hamid Hakimi
- Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Hana Shimizu-Furusawa
- Hanan F Abdul Rahim
- Hanna K Tolonen
- Hanno Ulmer
- Hannu M T Uusitalo
- Hans Concin
- Haroldo S Ferreira
- Harshpal S Sachdev
- Hashem Y Jaddou
- Heba M Fouad
- Hedley K Quintana
- Heidi Klakk
- Helen Gonçalves
- Heloísa Bettiol
- Herman Borghs
- Hermann Brenner
- Hiep Hoang Phan
- Hoang Van Minh
- Holger Theobald
- Hossein Poustchi
- Hsien-Ho Lin
- Huashuai Chen
- Husam F Alomirah
- Hyeon Chang Kim
- Hynek Pikhart
- Ian R Hambleton
- Ildar Fakhradiyev
- Ilona Nenko
- Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi
- Imelda A Agdeppa
- Imperia Brajkovich
- Indah S Widyahening
- Indrapal I Meshram
- Inge Huybrechts
- Iraj Mohebbi
- Iraj Nabipour
- Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Irfan Nuhoğlu
- Ivan Pećin
- J Jaime Miranda
- Jaakko Mursu
- Jacek Jóźwiak
- Jacqueline Ramke
- Jakub Stokwiszewski
- Jalila El Ati
- James E Bennett
- Jan A Staessen
- Jana Klanova
- Jana Námešná
- Jane D P Renner
- Janne S Tolstrup
- Jardena J Puder
- Jari J Jokelainen
- Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
- Javad Harooni
- Jawad A Al-Lawati
- Jean Claude N Mbanya
- Jean Dallongeville
- Jelena Kos
- Jeremy M Jacobs
- Jerzy Chudek
- Jesus D Melgarejo
- Jesus Vioque
- Jie Hao
- Joany Mariño
- João M Pedro
- Jochanan Stessman
- Johan G Eriksson
- Johan Sundström
- Johan Van der Heyden
- Johann Willeit
- Johanna A Otero
- John Tuitele
- Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
- Jonathan E Shaw
- Jorge Motta
- Jose G Boggia
- Jose Sánchez-Abanto
- Josep Redon
- José Eugenio Lozano
- José María Huerta
- José R Banegas
- Josipa Josipović
- Jost B Jonas
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Jouko L Saramies
- Juan Francisco Miquel
- Juan J Cruz
- Juan P González-Rivas
- Judith Simons
- Juha Auvinen
- Jukka T Salonen
- Julie Taylor
- Julio Zuñiga Cisneros
- Jun Hata
- Jussi Kauhanen
- Jürgen König
- Jyrki K Virtanen
- K M Venkat Narayan
- K R Thankappan
- Kai-Uwe Saum
- Kairat Davletov
- Kamarul Imran Musa
- Kamel Ajlouni
- Karen Morgan
- Karen Sparrenberger
- Karen Webster-Kerr
- Karien Stronks
- Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Kate E Sheffer
- Katia V Bloch
- Kazem Mohammad
- Kazi M Jamil
- Kelias P Msyamboza
- Kenneth James
- Khairil Si-Ramlee
- Khem B Karki
- Kirsten Mehlig
- Kishwar Azad
- Ko Ko Zaw
- Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao
- Krishna K Aryal
- Kurt Widhalm
- Kyungwon Oh
- Lachmie Lall
- Larissa Pruner Marques
- Lars Bo Andersen
- Lars Lind
- Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Laura Censi
- Laura Gutierrez
- Laura Torres-Collado
- Lauren Lissner
- Leanne M Riley
- Leila Houti
- Lekhraj Rampal
- Lena Barrera
- Lenie van Rossem
- Leo D Westbury
- Leon A Simons
- Lèlita C Santos
- Li Yan
- Liam Smeeth
- Liang Xu
- Licia Iacoviello
- Lizzy M Brewster
- Louise A Baur
- Louise Eriksen
- Louise Robinson
- Lucie Viet
- Luigi Palmieri
- Luis A Moreno
- Luis B Sardinha
- Luis P Mascarenhas
- Luis Revilla
- Luisa M Macieira
- Lynell V Maniego
- M Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Maciej Banach
- Maciej Tomaszewski
- Magda Gasull
- Mahboubeh Parsaeian
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Maja Baretić
- Majid Ezzati
- Malgorzata Mossakowska
- Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Marcia Makdisse
- Marcia Scazufca
- Marcin Rutkowski
- Marcus Dörr
- Margus Punab
- Maria Dorobantu
- Maria Forsner
- Maria L Muiesan
- Maria Paula Santos
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Mariana Sbaraini
- Marianna Noale
- Mariela Paoli
- Marika Ferrari
- Mario V Capanzana
- Marius B Bjertness
- María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez
- María-Dolores Chirlaque
- María-Elena González-Villalpando
- Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Mark Woodward
- Markku Peltonen
- Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Martijn Huisman
- Martin Bobak
- Martino Laurenzi
- Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza
- Mary Simon
- Maryam A Aldwairji
- Maryam Keramati
- Maryam Sharafkhah
- Marzieh Katibeh
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Masimango Imani Mannix
- Masoud Masinaei
- Massimo Cirillo
- Massimo Salvetti
- Mathilde Kersting
- Mauer Gonçalves
- Maung Maung Than Htike
- Mária Avdičová
- Meda E Pavkov
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Melanie J Cowan
- Michael Knoflach
- Michael Sjöström
- Michael Y Ni
- Michala Lustigová
- Michel Jadoul
- Michelle Holdsworth
- Miguel Brito
- Mikhail Benet
- Mildrey Mosquera
- Milton F Suarez-Ortegón
- Miquel Porta
- Modou Cheyassin Phall
- Moein Yoosefi
- Mohamed Bamoshmoosh
- Mohamed M Ali
- Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh
- Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Mohammad Reza Mirjalili
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh
- Mohan Deepa
- Mohannad Al Nsour
- Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Mojtaba Farjam
- Monira Alarouj
- Moslem Sedaghattalab
- Mostafa K Mohamed
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Motahareh Kheradmand
- Moyses Szklo
- Muel Telo M C Muyer
- Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
- Mukharram M Bikbov
- Mukhtar Kulimbet
- Murat Topbas
- Nada Zoghlami
- Nader Saki
- Naděžda Čapková
- Nagalla Balakrishna
- Namuna Shrestha
- Nareemarn Neelapaichit
- Narges Ebrahimi
- Naser Ahmadi
- Nastaran Ahmadi
- Natasja M Van Schoor
- Nawal M Al Qaoud
- Negar Rezaei
- Nico Dragano
- Niels C Møller
- Niels Wedderkopp
- Nihal Thomas
- Nikhil D Patel
- Niloofar Peykari
- Nils Lehmann
- Nimmathota Arlappa
- Ningli Wang
- Nish Chaturvedi
- Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh
- Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Noor Ani Ahmad
- Nor Azwany Yaacob
- Norazizah Ibrahim Wong
- Norlaila Mustafa
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Novie O Younger-Coleman
- Nowell H Phelps
- Nuno Lunet
- Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea
- Obinna Onodugo
- Ofem Enang
- Olfa Saidi
- Olli Raitakari
- Oscar A Noboa
- Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
- Parinya Chamnan
- Pascal Bovet
- Patrick Kolsteren
- Paul Korrovits
- Paul Zimmet
- Paula Margozzini
- Pavel Piler
- Pawel Kurjata
- Pedro J Ortiz
- Pedro Ordunez
- Pedro Plans-Rubió
- Peng Nie
- Peter Bjerregaard
- Peter H Whincup
- Peter Lund Kristensen
- Peter Rohloff
- Peter Stehle
- Peter Ueda
- Peter Willeit
- Petra Rust
- Phalakorn Suebsamran
- Pierre Traissac
- Pietro A Modesti
- Piotr Bandosz
- Pradeep Joshi
- Priscilla Duboz
- Przemysław Slusarczyk
- Qian Wang
- Quang Ngoc La
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Queenie Chan
- Rachakulla Hari Kumar
- Rachel A Heap
- Rafael Dos Santos Henrique
- Rafael N Pichardo
- Rafel Ramos
- Rahman Shiri
- Raija Korpelainen
- Raimund Erbel
- Raimund Pechlaner
- Rainford J Wilks
- Rajeev Gupta
- Rajendra Pradeepa
- Rajiv T Erasmus
- Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez
- Ramin Heshmat
- Ramiro Guerrero
- Ramon O Jimenez
- Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Reecha Sofat
- Reina G Roa
- Renata Cifkova
- René Charles Sylva
- Reynaldo Martorell
- Reza Homayounfar
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Reza Mohammadpourhodki
- Ricky Eddie
- Robert J Adams
- Roberta B Caixeta
- Roberto Elosua
- Rocco Capuano
- Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- Roger A Montenegro Mendoza
- Roger G Evans
- Ronel Sewpaul
- Roosmarijn Verstraeten
- Rosa Haghshenas
- Rosie K Singleton
- Roya Kelishadi
- Rui Ornelas
- Rui Providencia
- Ruzena Kubinova
- Ryutaro Ohtsuka
- S Goya Wannamethee
- Sabina Zambon
- Sabine Schipf
- Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Saeid Safiri
- Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Sai Yin Ho
- Salar Rahimikazerooni
- Salim Berkinbayev
- Salvador Villalpando
- Sandrine Fosse
- Sanja Šalaj
- Sanjay Rampal
- Sanjib K Sharma
- Santosh K Bhargava
- Sara Schramm
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Sarah P Garnett
- Sare Safi
- Sareh Eghtesad
- Sari Hantunen
- Sauli Herrala
- Senthil K Vasan
- Seppo Koskinen
- Sergio Viana Peixoto
- Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
- Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran
- Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Shahla AlDhukair
- Shalkar Adambekov
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Shelly R McFarlane
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Sigmund A Anderssen
- Silvia Plata
- Simona Bo
- Simona Costanzo
- Simona Giampaoli
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Stephen Vander Hoorn
- Sudhir Kowlessur
- Susi Kriemler
- Suyeon Park
- Suzanne N Morin
- Sylvain Sebert
- Tahir Aris
- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
- Takafumi Ishida
- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tamara R Santos
- Tandi E Matsha
- Tania Lopez
- Tania Tello
- Terence W O'Neill
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thaliane Mayara Pessôa Dos Prazeres
- Thein Thein Htay
- Thet Thet Mu
- Tiffany K Gill
- Tiina Laatikainen
- Tiina Lankila
- Till Ittermann
- Tint Swe Latt
- Tom Wilsgaard
- Tomas Vega
- Tomasz Grodzicki
- Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trevor S Ferguson
- Tuija Jääskeläinen
- Tze Pin Ng
- Ulla Roggenbuck
- Ulrike Gehring
- Unjali P Gujral
- Urho M Kujala
- Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Valérie Deschamps
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vera Lanska
- Victor P F Lhoste
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vinay B Nangia
- Vincent DeGennaro Jr
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- Wilma M Hopman
- Wojciech Drygas
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yi Zeng
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yong Du
- Yosef Farzi
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan Lu
- Yunjiang Yu
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zivka Dika
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/11/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
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- María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez
- María Elena Díaz-Sánchez
- María José García Mérida
- María Pilar Díez Ripollés
- María-Dolores Chirlaque
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- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
- Victor Pf Lhoste
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- Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo
- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
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- Vilmundur Gudnason
- Vilnis Dzerve
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- Violeta Iotova
- Virginija Dulskiene
- Virgílio V Ramires
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- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
- Yi Zeng
- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
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- Author
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Adambekov S
- Adams RJ
- Aekplakorn W
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed SH
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Nsour M
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Ali MM
- Alinezhad F
- Alkandari A
- Alomirah HF
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Andrade DS
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Aris T
- Arlappa N
- Aryal KK
- Assah FK
- Assembekov B
- Auvinen J
- Avdicova M
- Azad K
- Azimi-Nezhad M
- Azizi F
- Bacopoulou F
- Balakrishna N
- Bamoshmoosh M
- Banach M
- Bandosz P
- Banegas JR
- Barbagallo CM
- Barcelo A
- Baretic M
- Barrera L
- Basit A
- Batieha AM
- Batista AP
- Baur LA
- Bebakar WMW
- Belavendra A
- Ben Romdhane H
- Ben S
- Benchekor SM
- Benet M
- Bennett JE
- Berkinbayev S
- Bernabe-Ortiz A
- Berrios Carrasola X
- Bettiol H
- Beybey AF
- Bhargava SK
- Bikbov MM
- Bista B
- Bjerregaard P
- Bjertness E
- Bjertness MB
- Bjorkelund C
- Bloch KV
- Blokstra A
- Bo S
- Bobak M
- Boggia JG
- Bonaccio M
- Bonilla-Vargas A
- Borghs H
- Bovet P
- Brajkovich I
- Brenner H
- Brewster LM
- Brian GR
- Briceno Y
- Brito M
- Bugge A
- Buntinx F
- Cabrera de Leon A
- Caixeta RB
- Can G
- Candido APC
- Capanzana MV
- Capkova N
- Capuano E
- Capuano R
- Capuano V
- Cardoso VC
- Carlsson AC
- Carrillo-Larco RM
- Casanueva FF
- Censi L
- Cervantes-Loaiza M
- Chamnan P
- Chamukuttan S
- Chan Q
- Charchar FJ
- Chaturvedi N
- Chen H
- Cheraghian B
- Chirlaque M-D
- Chudek J
- Cifkova R
- Cirillo M
- Cisneros JZ
- Claessens F
- Cohen E
- Concin H
- Cooper C
- Costanzo S
- Cowan MJ
- Cowell C
- Crujeiras AB
- Cruz JJ
- Cureau FV
- Cuschieri S
- D'Arrigo G
- D'Orsi E
- Dallongeville J
- Damasceno A
- Danaei G
- Dastgiri S
- Davletov K
- De Curtis A
- de Gaetano G
- De Henauw S
- Deepa M
- DeGennaro VJ
- Demarest S
- Dennison E
- Deschamps V
- Dhimal M
- Dika Z
- Djalalinia S
- Donfrancesco C
- Dong G
- Dorobantu M
- Dorr M
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- Publication venue
- Nature Research
- Publication date
- 09/11/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance
Recommended from our members
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
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- Adams RJ
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- Aekplakorn W
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- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
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- Aghazadeh-Attari J
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- Aguilar-Salinas CA
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- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
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- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
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- Viswanathan B
- Vladulescu M
- Vlasoff T
- Vocanec D
- Vollenweider P
- Volzke H
- Vourli G
- Voutilainen A
- Vrijheid M
- Vrijkotte TGM
- Vrkic TZ
- Vuletic S
- Wade AN
- Waldhor T
- Walton J
- Wambiya EOA
- Wanderley Junior RDS
- Wang C
- Wang H
- Wang L
- Wang L
- Wang M-D
- Wang N
- Wang Q
- Wang X
- Wang Y-W
- Wang YX
- Wannamethee SG
- Wareham N
- Wartha O
- Weber A
- Webster-Kerr K
- Webster-Kerr K
- Wedderkopp N
- Weghuber D
- Wei W
- Weres A
- Werner B
- Westbury LD
- Whincup PH
- Wichstrom L
- Wickramasinghe K
- Widhalm K
- Widyahening IS
- Wiecek A
- Wild PS
- Wilks RJ
- Willeit J
- Willeit P
- Williams J
- Wilsgaard T
- Wirth JP
- Wojtyniak B
- Woldeyohannes M
- Wolf K
- Wong A
- Wong EB
- Wong JE
- Wong NI
- Wong TY
- Wong-McClure RA
- Woo J
- Woodward M
- Wu FC
- Wu H-Y
- Wu J
- Wu LJ
- Wu S
- Wyszynska J
- Xu H
- Xu L
- Yaacob NA
- Yamborisut U
- Yan L
- Yan W
- Yang L
- Yang X
- Yang Y
- Yardim N
- Yasuharu T
- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- Yotov Y
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeglen M
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 14/03/2024
- Field of study
Background
Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median).
Findings
From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness.
Interpretation
The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union
Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c
- Author
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Adambekov Shalkar
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Asfoor Deena
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hina Halima
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Lawati Jawad A.
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alinezhad Farbod
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alomirah Husam F.
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Andrade Dolores S.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Aris Tahir
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Azad Kishwar
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Bacopoulou Flora
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barrera Lena
- Basit Abdul
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batista Aline P.
- Baur Louise A.
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe- Ortiz Antonio
- Berrios Carrasola Ximena
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Beybey Augustin F.
- Bhargava Santosh K.
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- Bikbov Mukharram M.
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- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
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- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Brajkovich Imperia
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- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Brian Garry R.
- Briceño Yajaira
- Brito Miguel
- Bugge Anna
- Buntinx Frank
- Cabrera de León Antonio
- Caixeta Roberta B.
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V.
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- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carlsson Axel C.
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes‐Loaiza Marvin
- Chamnan Parinya
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Queenie
- Charchar Fadi J.
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Huashuai
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cirillo Massimo
- Claessens Frank
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- Cooper Cyrus
- Costanzo Simona
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- Cowell Chris
- Crujeiras Ana B.
- Cruz Juan J.
- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cuschieri Sarah
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- Damasceno Albertino
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- De Curtis Amalia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- Deepa Mohan
- DeGennaro Vincent Jr
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Dong Guanghui
- Dorobantu Maria
- dos Santos Henrique Rafael
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Du Yong
- Duante Charmaine A.
- Duboz Priscilla
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Dörr Marcus
- D’Arrigo Graziella
- d’Orsi Eleonora
- Ebrahimi Narges
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
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- Egbagbe Eruke E.
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- El Ati Jalila
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- Ijoma Chinwuba
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- Knoflach Michael
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Kos Jelena
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- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lall Lachmie
- Lankila Tiina
- Lanska Vera
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- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Webster-Kerr Karen
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Wei Wenbin
- Westbury Leo D.
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B.
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Li
- Yan Weili
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zimmet Paul
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Čapková Naděžda
- Šalaj Sanja
- Publication venue
- Nature Publishing Group
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose
diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117
population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of
diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected
as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed
prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously
diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa.
The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and
detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66%
in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised
proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39%
across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and
middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated
FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and
underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite
resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and
surveillance.peer-reviewe
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
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- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
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- Aghazadeh-Attari J
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- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
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- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
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- Rubinstein A
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- You S-L
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- Zargar AH
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- Zeng Y
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- Łuszczki E
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p