Distinct Functions of Language among Different Communities

Language unites society. Language affects globalization, communication, social identity, group cohesiveness, power structures, creativity, arts, the economy, and language. This abstract suggests studying languages' social functions. This research aimed to investigate the distinct functions of language among different communities and introduced several innovative elements that enhanced and advanced our understanding of the distinct functions of language among different communities. The study has employed quantitative research, utilizing a questionnaire survey administered to 85 individuals from diverse backgrounds worldwide. Through the analysis of survey data, this research has explored the multifaceted nature of language, encompassing communication, cultural identity, social cohesion, power dynamics, artistic expression, and economic interactions. Through cross-cultural comparisons, exploration of digital platforms, investigation of language and identity, and a commitment to inclusivity, the study would pave the way for new avenues of research and inspired future scholars to continue pushing the boundaries of linguistic exploration. The findings have revealed the importance of linguistic diversity and advocated for inclusive language policies and cultural preservation efforts. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the unique roles that language plays within diverse communities, emphasizing the need to value and protect linguistic diversity for a more inclusive society. Keywords: Language, Distinct Functions, Diverse Communities, Quantitative Research, Cultural Identity, Linguistic Diversity

Identification and ranking of the marketing mix of services in the banking industry, using DEMATEL

In the current competitive market, identifying the major factors affecting the behavior of customers considered very important. Every organization needs to know, investing on which factor results in higher efficiency. Banks face a complex world of competition thus; they need to identify these factors. These factors differ from the factors in manufacturing industry. Therefore, banks need to understand their own marketing mix factors and identify the most important ones. As a result, in this research after a literature review, the factors identified and then by using DEMATEL, a ranking has done and the most important factor introduced. According to the results, price and staff have the most impact

The Effect of Use of Text Messaging on Soccer Fans’ Behavior (The Case of Iranian Professional League-Persian Gulf League)

The purpose of study is to identify the effect of mobile marketing on the Top Iranian Football Clubs fans’ behavior in 2019-2020 season. The statistical population are the spectators who had signed up in the fan online system and had watched one of games in the stadium. As an accurate number of the statistical population could not be determined, a statistical population of 396 was considered based on the Morgan’s table. In this study, the author collects data on the behavioral loyalty, attitudinal loyalty, and mobile marketing using survey. The cross-sectional regression estimation used to analyze the data. The findings of this study indicate that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mobile marketing and fans’ behavioral loyalty in Iranian soccer Pro league. Also, there is a positive and meaningful correlation between mobile marketing and the attitudinal loyalty of the soccer Club fans. This study has implications for managers and sponsors of soccer clubs

A Fuzzy Inference System Based Asphalt Surface Deterioration Prediction Model Due to Combined Interaction of Dynamic Loading-Water-Pavement

The authors acknowledge that paper 19-01095 was peer-reviewed by TRB and presented at the 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2019 (session: 1626 Current Research Related to Asphalt Surface Mixtures)

Merkel cell carcinoma in a 17-year-old boy, report of a highly aggressive fatal case and review of the literature

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare tumor frequently involving the skin with an aggressive behavior and fatal outcome. It occurs mostly in the caucasian race between 60–80 years of age and it is rare in children. Herein we report our experience with a highly aggressive fatal Merkel cell carcinoma in an immunocompetent 17-year-old boy. Its characteristics and treatment modalities will be also discussed

HIV, STI prevalence and risk behaviours among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increases the likelihood of HIV transmission. The first national study of STIs conducted in Pakistan in 2004 revealed a high burden of STIs among women selling sex. The HIV epidemic in Pakistan has thus far followed the "Asian epidemic model". Earlier studies among women selling sex have shown a low prevalence of HIV coupled with a low level of knowledge about AIDS. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV and STIs, and assess knowledge and risk behaviours related to HIV/STI, among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 730 participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. The participants were women selling sex in three areas (referred to as "A", "B", and "C") of Lahore. A structured questionnaire addressing demographic information, sexual life history, sexual contacts, and knowledge and practices related to HIV/STI prevention was administered by face-to-face interview. Biological samples were obtained from all participants and tested for HIV, <it>Treponema pallidum</it>, <it>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</it>, <it>Chlamydia trachomatis </it>and <it>Trichomonas vaginalis</it>. Pearson's chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to test associations between potential risk factors and specified diagnosed infections.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.7%, <it>T pallidum </it>4.5%, <it>N gonorrhoeae </it>7.5%, <it>C trachomatis </it>7.7% and <it>T vaginalis </it>5.1%. The participants had been selling sex for a median period of seven years and had a median of three clients per day. Sixty five percent of the participants reported that they "Always use condom". The median fee per sexual contact was Rs. 250 (3 Euro). Compared to Areas A and C, women selling sex in Area B had a significantly higher risk of chlamydial infection, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis. Among the participants, 37% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and its prevention.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prevalence of HIV was <1%, and of any other STI 18.5% among participating women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan. A reasonably high condom use, a relatively low number of sexual partners, and a relatively low prevalence of STIs might have contributed to the low HIV prevalence.</p

Ultrasensitive, rapid and inexpensive detection of DNA using paper based lateral flow assay

Sensitive, specific, rapid, inexpensive and easy-to-use nucleic acid tests for use at the point-of-need are critical for the emerging field of personalised medicine for which companion diagnostics are essential, as well as for application in low resource settings. Here we report on the development of a point-of-care nucleic acid lateral flow test for the direct detection of isothermally amplified DNA. The recombinase polymerase amplification method is modified slightly to use tailed primers, resulting in an amplicon with a duplex flanked by two single stranded DNA tails. This tailed amplicon facilitates detection via hybridisation to a surface immobilised oligonucleotide capture probe and a gold nanoparticle labelled reporter probe. A detection limit of 1 7 10−11 M (190 amol), equivalent to 8.67 7 105 copies of DNA was achieved, with the entire assay, both amplification and detection, being completed in less than 15 minutes at a constant temperature of 37 \ub0C. The use of the tailed primers obviates the need for hapten labelling and consequent use of capture and reporter antibodies, whilst also avoiding the need for any post-amplification processing for the generation of single stranded DNA, thus presenting an assay that can facilely find application at the point of need

Formulation and antioxidant properties of curcumin gum Arabic nanoparticles for delivery to cancer cells

Curcumin nanoparticles)Cur/GANPs(were formulated based on gum arabic)GA(as a stabilizer coatings for nanoparticles through efficient synthesis approach . The current study investigated the antioxidant properties and antihypertensive activity of curcumin)Cur(using various established in vitro assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)DPPH(as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE(inhibitory activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Cur/GANPs against human liver cancer)HepG2(, and colon cancer)HT29(was investigated. The exposure of human cancer cells to Cur/GANPs)1.56-100 µg/ml(using MTT)3-)4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl(2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(has revealed that the Cur/GANPs inhibited the growth of cell lines examined in a dose dependent manner. Hence, Cur/GANPs nanoparticles may have great potential to be applied for cancer treatment

Revisiting Date and Party Hubs: Novel Approaches to Role Assignment in Protein Interaction Networks

The idea of 'date' and 'party' hubs has been influential in the study of protein-protein interaction networks. Date hubs display low co-expression with their partners, whilst party hubs have high co-expression. It was proposed that party hubs are local coordinators whereas date hubs are global connectors. Here we show that the reported importance of date hubs to network connectivity can in fact be attributed to a tiny subset of them. Crucially, these few, extremely central, hubs do not display particularly low expression correlation, undermining the idea of a link between this quantity and hub function. The date/party distinction was originally motivated by an approximately bimodal distribution of hub co-expression; we show that this feature is not always robust to methodological changes. Additionally, topological properties of hubs do not in general correlate with co-expression. Thus, we suggest that a date/party dichotomy is not meaningful and it might be more useful to conceive of roles for protein-protein interactions rather than individual proteins. We find significant correlations between interaction centrality and the functional similarity of the interacting proteins.Comment: 27 pages, 5 main figures, 4 supplementary figure