اردو غزل کا معتبر حوالہ…حفیظ شاہد

Abstract Hafeez Shahid is one of the greatest Urdu poet belonging to KhanPur District Rahim Yar Khan .He wrote six books on poetry in which “Safar  Rshni ka” is his first book. He combined all his six books in his Kulyat named “Khatam Safar se Pahle” His poetry is fresh and has dramatic touch. He also followed the path of classical poets. His poetic journey covers fifty years which he devoted to ghazal. He fulfills all the requirements of a perfect ghazal and gained popularity due to ghazal .He is the poet of love and light  and does not afraid of darkness rather invites to light from darkness. He also touches local traditions and wrote what he saw around him .He is a poet of hope like Shelley and never disappoint his reader .Hafeez Shahid made different experiment in long and short verses in poetry and remained successful in both .He tried to write on both national and international issues. He is multi-dimensional personality with lot of talent. He unceasing inly endeavored to flourish Urdu ghazal .His poetry touched the heights of popularity among literary circle .He remained true to his poetic work till his death and now the world acknowledge his achievements.  Eminent critics of Urdu literature like Dr.Muhammad Ali,Dr. Wahid Quraishi ,Dr.Ibadat Brailvi and Dr .Sohail Agha wrote forwards and flap of his books which showed his poetic grandeur .In short,  he contributed much in the treasure of Urdu literature particularly Urdu ghazal Key Words: Classical poets, local traditions, long and short verses, treasure of Urdu &nbsp

Linguistics: Introductory Discussions لسانیات:تمہیدی مباحث

Linguistics is an ever-growing subject. As much attention is required on linguistics in Urdu, the same amount of shortage is being faced. As many experts have written in Urdu linguistics till today, the feeling of thirst remains constant even after reading their books. The main reason for this is that the subject of linguistics is also borrowed from English like other subjects. Due to which the Urdu speaking class has to face difficulties. we cannot be master in linguistics until we make sincere effort. A linguist has to consider the themes of formation, destiny, origin and evolution of language. As many theories of linguists have come to forefront about the structure and origin of language, each presents a new angle on the origin of language. After reading these different views, where the level of knowledge is expanding, the common readers also seem astonished as well. The need is that one center should be considered as the original and the future journey should be planned so that it may be easy and convenient for the beginners. In this article, a small attempt has been made to provide the reader with an introduction to the origin and evolution of linguistics and various branches of linguistics. Keywords: Linguistics, Literature, Phonetics, Syntax, Urdu. &nbsp

Metaphor and Symbolism in Naat’s of Dilwar Ali Azar دلاور علی آزر کی نعت میں استعارے اور علامت

Linguistics is an ever-growing subject. As much attention is required on linguistics in Urdu, the same amount of shortage is being faced. As many experts have written in Urdu linguistics till today, the feeling of thirst remains constant even after reading their books. The main reason for this is that the subject of linguistics is also borrowed from English like other subjects. Due to which the Urdu speaking class has to face difficulties. we cannot be master in linguistics until we make sincere effort. A linguist has to consider the themes of formation, destiny, origin and evolution of language. As many theories of linguists have come to forefront about the structure and origin of language, each presents a new angle on the origin of language. After reading these different views, where the level of knowledge is expanding, the common readers also seem astonished as well. The need is that one center should be considered as the original and the future journey should be planned so that it may be easy and convenient for the beginners. In this article, a small attempt has been made to provide the reader with an introduction to the origin and evolution of linguistics and various branches of linguistics. Keywords: Linguistics, Literature, Phonetics, Syntax, Urdu. &nbsp

Social-Culture Factors are Impacting the Status of Women in Punjab: a Case Study

Women experience discrimination in communities where men predominate. Socio-cultural influences, particularly in rural areas, have a significant impact on women's status in many different ways. The level of gender equality is a crucial sign of a country's prosperity. This research was developed to look at how sociocultural influences affect the status of women in Punjab, Pakistan. Six districts were selected for this study: Vehari, Sahiwal, Chiniot, Jhang, Faisalabad & Gujranwala.  One tehsil from each district was choosen and In the first phase of the multistage sample, two union councils—one from rural and one from urban areas—were randomly selected from each tehsil.  From each union council, one village was randomly chosen for the second stage. In the end, 15 respondents were conveniently chosen from each village. There were 180 responders in the entire sample. Under the study's goals, an interview schedule was created, and after that, data was gathered through in-person interviews. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) tool was used for collected data analysis. The results show that respondents' family structure, economic position, and level of education all have a significant impact on their status. Therefore, it is advised that measures for women's family planning awareness, employment, education, and training be incorporated into Government programs. Keywords: Socio-culture factors, District Sahiwal, male domination, women's status &nbsp

The Meaning of Days and their Importance in Different Inspired and Uninspired Religions ایّام کا مفہوم اور مختلف الہامی و غیر الہامی مذاہب میں انکی اہمیت

Days encompass the cycles of light and darkness - one complete cycle is called a day and night, or simply a day. Days hold distinct importance for celebrating joy and sadness. Certain days also serve as occasions for performing religious rituals. Many religions worldwide celebrate special days throughout the year, each imbued with rich cultural and historical significance. The significance of days varies across different religions and philosophies. The Jewish Sabbath is dedicated to spiritual observance and rest. Hanukkah: Celebrates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem after its desecration. Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) are the most solemn days in Judaism. Easter: Commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, marking the culmination of Lent and signifying victory over death. Sunday: Considered the holy day in Christianity, commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christmas: Celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, observed with festive decorations, gift-giving, carols, and special church services. Friday: The designated day of communal prayer for Muslims. Eid al-Fitr: Marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting and spiritual reflection. Eid al-Adha: Commemorates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael in obedience to God. Days are seen as signs of God's creation and blessings. They represent opportunities for God's mercy and grace to shower upon His creations. The interpretation and meaning of days differ across religious and philosophical frameworks. While Abrahamic faiths emphasize days as divine manifestations, non-Abrahamic traditions utilize them for joyful celebrations and ritualistic practices. Keywords: Ayam, youm, Nahar, Ysh’akh, Sabbath, Christmas, Lent, Easter, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Eid ul fit, Eid ul Adh

Hegelio-Aristotelian Nexus in Dr. Faustus and Tughlaq

The study is based on the two famous tragic heroes who are chronologically and culturally poles apart but share certain similarities and differences in their flaws and downfall. The current study keenly analyzes the tragic flaws of Dr. Faustus and Tughlaq which lead them to their downfall. The tragic flaws and the catastrophic end of both these characters have been examined in the light of the Aristotelian theory of the tragic hero and the Hegelian views regarding the ideal tragic hero. The current research brings forth two gigantic tragic heroes face to face in a comparative study to evaluate their literary stature and to examine the difference in approaches of their respective authors. Keywords: Tragic Flaw, Dr. Faustus, Tughlaq, Aristotle, Tragic Hero, Hege

A Pragma-Stylistic Analysis of the Blind Man’s Garden by Nadeem Aslam

This paper aims at describing Pragma-stylistic Analysis used in the Novel “Blind Man’s Garden” published in 2013 by British Pakistani author Nadeem Aslam. The study is intended to investigate the role of speech act theory (SAT) in understanding dramatic texts through using pragma-stylistic approach. It is also an attempt to examine the pragma-stylistic effects of using speech acts (SAs) and their implication in conveying the theme of the play and the intentions of the characters. The researcher explores the application of speech act theory proposed by J.L. Austin and John Searle. This study was conducted using textual analysis and descriptive qualitative method. Based on the data analysis the eight extracts are selected from Nadeem’s novel and they are Locutionary, Perlocutionary, Illocutionary, Representatives, Declaratives, Commissive, Expressive and Directives. The analysis reveals that the interaction between stylistics and pragmatics is a vital tool for analyzing dramatic texts in terms of (SAT). SAs are grouped into systematic combination depending on the purpose of the speaker or the play wright. By using Pragma-stylistic Analysis the writer able to catch reader’s attention to focus on the content of the novel. Keywords: Stylistics, Pragmatics, Pragma-stylistic and Speech Acts

A Research Review on the Qualities of a Good Wife in the Quran and Sunnah قرآن و سنت میں نیک بیوی کے اوصاف ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

There is no doubt that the women of our time need to be educated on this subject, and this is because the Ummah in general is lax in this matter, while women in particular are disturbed.  And they are backsliders, they generally agree to bad traits and vices, bowing their heads before Iblis and his army, and this is the reason why they are averse to what Allah Almighty has commanded.  What was permissible for the people was that it was a way for their life and a way for their salvation.So this was the rampant spread of destruction due to which the hearts and faces were turned away from their Lord and their Creator, and when Shaytan prevailed over them, he made this Ummah forget its religion.To whom Allah has given the blessing of Islam, he should be aware of himself to avoid falling into the trap of (this misguidance) and this is only possible when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,  Shari'ah should be followed so that in this way he can gain the pleasure of his Lord.Muslim women should be more careful and this is because woman is instinctively and naturally weak and weak.  There is more severe evil in it than in men and therefore there will be more women in Hell.  The Prophet said:- I looked into the fire and saw many of them were women.  That is, when I looked into Hell, I saw that most of the women were there.  A virtuous wife should take more care to fulfill the responsibilities that Allah has assigned to her regarding her husband and his household. Keywords- Research Review Qualities, Good Wife, Quran and Sunna

Street Baggers and their Remedial Factor in Punjab: A Case Study of District Faisalabad

This study's main goal was to evaluate the socioeconomic elements that contribute to street baggers' acts of begging as well as the preventative measures in Punjab: a case study of District Faisalabad. This study's main goal was to investigate the causes of these beggars in Punjab as well as the things that can help them. The goal of the project is to investigate the underlying reasons of street begging, the effects it has on both individuals and communities, and to suggest practical solutions to deal with this complicated problem. Only the baggers in the Faisalabad District were included in the study. The study had an interactive design, a subjective approach, and an all-encompassing nature. The investigation employed a qualitative methodology. A case study was used as the research design in this study. The baggers of the Faisalabad district made up the study's population. Qualitative and quantitative data collection was done. Semi-structured interviews were created for the purpose of gathering data following the completion of a literature review. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to choose the sample. Interviews were conducted with eighteen baggers. The qualitative and quantitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis technique. The precise words of the answers were written for every question. The overarching themes that arose from the participants' comments were developed. On the basis of the examination of the qualitative data, conclusions were derived. It was determined that the Punjabi baggers had low incomes, destitution, joblessness, and low levels of education, mental health problems, and diverse family and societal backgrounds. The reasons behind street begging are primarily related to differences in socioeconomic status. One of the main contributing factors to someone becoming homeless is their vulnerability to poverty, unemployment, and limited access to education. Furthermore, the difficulties faced by street beggars are made worse by mental health conditions, addiction, and family dissolutions, underscoring the necessity for a thorough comprehension of the interrelated elements that propel these phenomena. The ramifications of street begging go beyond the short-term financial difficulties encountered by individuals. The mental and emotional health of beggars is negatively impacted by the increased levels of social stigma and discrimination they frequently face. Youngsters who engage in street begging are especially vulnerable to long-term harm to their physical and mental growth. Understanding these effects is essential to developing successful therapies that meet the needs of beggars on a whole. In proposing remedial factors, the research advocates for a multifaceted approach that encompasses short-term relief and long-term sustainable solutions. Immediate interventions include the provision of shelters, access to healthcare, and meals to meet the urgent needs of street beggars. However, the focus extends beyond mere assistance to rehabilitation and empowerment. It was suggested that the Government should provide education, holistic rehabilitation, community involvement & advocacy, vocational trainings, gender-sensitive interventions.  Key words: Street bagger, remedial factors, Economic Factors, Social Dynamics, Health Issues, Educational Disparities, Culture and Societal Norms, Political and Economic Instability, Exploitation and Trafficking, Comprehensive Social Programs, Community Engagement, Initiatives, Economic Development

مستنصر حسین تارڑ کے ناول "بہاؤ" کے تانیثی کردار Mustansar Hussain Tarar’s Novel “Bahaao’s Feminist Characters

Mustansar Hussain Tarar is a prominent Pakistani novelist, travelogue writer, and TV host. He has written extensively on different topics, including travel, history, and fiction. Tarar's work is praised for its unique perspective on life, culture, and society in Pakistan, and its contribution to the development of Pakistani literature. Tarar's writings profoundly discuss feminism. He has been an advocate for women's rights and has used his platform as a writer to raise awareness of the issues faced by women in Pakistan. His novels often explore the themes of women's empowerment, gender equality, and the struggle against patriarchal systems. By portraying strong, independent women and highlighting the struggles they face, he has helped to raise awareness of the need for gender equality and the empowerment of women in Pakistani society. Key words: Bahaao, Feminism, Characters, Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Empowered Wome