The Effect of Eight Weeks Elected Aerobic Exercise on the Levels of (AST, ALT) Enzymes of Men Patients with Have Fat Liver

AbstractThe purpose of present study is the effect of eight weeks elected aerobic exercise on the levels of (AST, ALT) enzymes of men patients with have fat liver, age's 20 to 45 in shooshtar city. that providing of lack of control it will have the garlic of large virulent to destroy liver fiber and cell destruction as usually hard and rough liver fiber and it density is aspired in stenography. Also the measure of cholesterol and triglyceride with liver enzymes increase in these patients. in this study the numbers of 24 patients of referred to sonography clinics of shooshtar town with the distinction of fat liver disease selected by randomly and divided to two groups of control and experimental. Measurement of (AST, ALT) diseases in two groups as pre-test were done. After eight week aerobic exercise the analysis and resolution of data were done by computer and with use of SPSS soft ware and statistical methods of deduction (t-test) and descriptive. The results of comparison between two groups showed that eight weeks aerobic exercise with a≤0.05 it cause to be the decrease of measure of (AST,ALT) of liver cells of experimental group

Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling

In order to evaluate the effects of osmotic stress on behavioral responses of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), a factorial experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions with three groups of wheat genotypes (tolerant, intermediate and susceptible) and three osmotic stress levels induced by PEG (control, mild and severe). Electrophoretic analyses were performed for three antioxidant enzymes SOD, POX and CAT in shoots of wheat seedlings using 7.5% slab polyacrylamide gels. The activities of GR and APX were determined spectrophotometrically. For SOD, POX and CAT, two, seven and one isozymes were observed, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that osmotic stress has a significant effect on enzymatic activities in wheat seedlings. POX, CAT, GR and APXactivities were increased significantly in the severe stress compared with control condition about 31, 61, 129 and 149 percent, respectively. Whereas, SOD activity increased significantly by 41% in the mild stress compared with control treatment. The highest enzymatic activity was belonged to tolerant group under severe stress conditions for almost all of isozymes and enzymes. Among the antioxidant enzymes, APX activity was increased most drastically in severe stress condition. The extent of damage to the wheat seedlings seems to depend on genotype and severity of osmotic stress

Selection of superior wheat genotypes against end-season drought of Ardabil in the presence of humic fertilizer by utilization of multivariate statistics

Irrigated wheat in cold regions of Iran is faced with the end drought stress. Humic substances, as natural  biological origin fertilizers have mitigation activity on plants facing the biotic and abiotic stresses. This  experiment was conducted by a split plot on the basis of completely randomized block design (RB) in Ardabil in 2008 to 2009 farmer year. Main factor was stressed and non stressed conditions; and sub factor was  genotypes. Gascogne, Toos, 4057 and 4041 were the most tolerant genotypes against stress from mean  productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress susceptibility index (STI) indices; and had  highest yield in this research. Gascogen, Sabalan and 4057 genotypes had the low susceptibility against stress by stress susceptibility index (SSI). On the basis of stress tolerance (TOL), genotypes 4041 and Toos had a  high tolerance to drought stress. In non-stress condition, there were significantly positive correlations  between yield and MP, GMP, STI and TOL. And, in the stress condition, correlation of yield with GMP and STI  were significantly positive. Correlation of yield with SSI was negative and significant for stress condition.  Cluster analysis was placed 4041 and Toos genotypes in a group which were the best genotypes of this  research. These two genotypes had the high yield relative to others in the both conditions of stress and non  stress. Principle components analysis showed that yield component was justified 64% of the changes;   tolerance indices component 30% of the changes.Key words: Wheat, stress, humic fertilizer, tolerance indices

Analysis of unsteady mixed convection of Cu–water nanofluid in an oscillatory, lid-driven enclosure using lattice Boltzmann method

The unsteady physics of laminar mixed convection in a lid-driven enclosure filled with Cu–water nanofluid is numerically investigated. The top wall moves with constant velocity or with a temporally sinusoidal function, while the other walls are fixed. The horizontal top and bottom walls are, respectively, held at the low and high temperatures, and the vertical walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing equations along with the boundary conditions are solved through D2Q9 fluid flow and D2Q5 thermal lattice Boltzmann network. The effects of Richardson number and volume fractions of nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated. For the first time in the literature, the current study considers the mechanical power required for moving the top wall of the enclosure under various conditions. This reveals that the power demand increases if the enclosure is filled with a nanofluid in comparison with that with a pure fluid. Keeping a constant heat transfer rate, the required power diminishes by implementing a temporally sinusoidal velocity on the top wall rather than a constant velocity. Reducing frequency of the wall oscillation leads to heat transfer enhancement. Similarly, dropping Richardson number and raising the volume fraction of the nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer rate. Through these analyses, the present study provides a physical insight into the less investigated problem of unsteady mixed convection in enclosures with oscillatory walls

Targeted Fluoromagnetic Nanoparticles for Imaging of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

Purpose: To achieve simultaneous imaging and therapy potentials, targeted fluoromagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and examined in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3. Then, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified by dopamine-poly ethylene glycol (PEG)-NH2; finally, half equivalent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and half equivalent folic acid were conjugated to one equivalent of it. The presence of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA/FITC in the folate receptor (FR) positive MCF-7 cells was determined via fluorescent microscopy to monitor the cellular interaction of MNPs. Results: FT-IR spectra of final compound confirmed existence of fluorescein on folic acid grafted MNPs. The Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA/FITC NPs, which displayed a size rang about 30-35 nm using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were able to actively recognize the FR-positive MCF-7 cells, but not the FR-negative A549 cells. Conclusion: The uniform nano-sized Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA/FITC NPs displayed great potential as theranostics and can be used for targeted imaging of various tumors that overexpress FR

A comparative study on effectiveness of workshop education versus education via mobile learning (m-learning) in developing medical students’ knowledge and skill about cardiopulmonary resuscitation

INTRODUCTION: A variety of educational approaches are being used today to improve learning in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare workshop education with education via mobile learning (M-learning) in terms of their efficacy in developing medical students’ knowledge and skills about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was quasi-experimental performed on 60 interns selected from a university of medical sciences in southwest Iran. Participants were assigned to either the workshop education group (n = 30) or the mobile learning group (n = 30). Before and after the intervention, the knowledge and skills of the participants in terms of basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation were measured by a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent-Samples t-Test, Paired-Samples t-Test, and Chi-Square Test in SPSS software v. 22. RESULTS: Education via mobile learning caused a significant increase in the participants’ knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p < 0.05). However, this method did not result in a significant difference in the participants’ skill scores, while the workshop education group showed a significant increase in their cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that education via mobile learning was better in enhancing medical students’ knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, workshop education was more effective in developing practical skills in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Accordingly, educators are recommended to employ a combination of mobile learning and workshop education for achieving better results

Chest Pain in a Young Male with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Substance Abuse: A Case Report and Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning-related deaths in theUnited States. In addition, myocardial infarction (MI) due to CO poisoning in a young, healthy adult is rare.On the other hand, smokeless tobacco, processed in various forms, is a controversial coronary heart disease(CHD) risk factor.CASE REPORT: In this study, we describe a 29-year-old man who presented with acute chest pain followinga night of smoking tobacco and using smokeless tobacco in the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning.ST-segment elevation was observed on an electrocardiogram, and echocardiography revealed akinesia. Inaddition, cardiac markers were elevated. In this particular instance, thrombolytic therapy demonstratedsuccessful outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: We believe the case and discussion could shed light on the emergency departmentmanagement of such individuals. We advise clinicians to consider the possibility of coronary heart diseasein carbon monoxide poisoning patients and to obtain a baseline electrocardiogram and cardiac markers

The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. METHODS: In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0-24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990-2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 3·0 million deaths and 30·0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288·4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57·3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4·0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59·8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15-19 years in low-SDI settings. INTERPRETATION: Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world. FUNDING: The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries

National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019

An updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95% UI: 1.33–1.86) in 1990 and increased 131% (53–191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75–34.55) in 2019 which increased 164% (77–246) from 11.44 (9.38–13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36–0.53), and 13.16 (8.93–14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95–3.11) and 0.07 (0.04–0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies’ results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks’ modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view