Temperature and magnetic field dependences of the elastic constants of Ni-Mn-Al magnetic Heusler alloys

We report on measurements of the adiabatic second order elastic constants of the off-stoichiometric Ni$_{54}$Mn$_{23}$Al$_{23}$ single crystalline Heusler alloy. The variation in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants has been investigated across the magnetic transition and over a broad temperature range. Anomalies in the temperature behaviour of the elastic constants have been found in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transition. Measurements under applied magnetic field, both isothermal and variable temperature, show that the value of the elastic constants depends on magnetic order, thus giving evidence for magnetoelastic coupling in this alloy system.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical the Review

Spectroscopical Approach to the Mechanism of the Rebinder Effects in MgO Immersed in N, N-dimethylformamide or Dimethylsulfoxide

The mechanism of the Rebinder effects is proposed from a point of view of the formation of barrier against the dislocation movement caused by strong chemisorption. The infrared and electronic spectra of N, N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide adsorbed on MgO indicate that the adsorption may be accompanied by a charge transfer from these compounds to MgO. The proposed mechanism can explain the difference of the near-surface dislocation mobility in MgO immersed in N, N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide

Sensitiivisyys ja yhteisöllisyys seksuaalikasvatuksessa : Aikuisten miesten näkökulma

Seksuaalikasvatusta kuvaillaan opinnäytteessä kansallisen tason tavoitteiden lähtökohdista. Alueellisen kasvatusvastuun myötä kokonaisvaltaisen seksuaalikasvatuksen ympäristöä tarkastellaan alueellisien toimijoiden kesken. Toimijoita kuvaillaan olemassa olevina resursseina ja yhteistoiminnallisena moniammatillisena verkostona. Opinnäytetyö antaa positiivisen kuvan kokonaisvaltaisesta seksuaalikasvatuksesta, se ei arvioi tai kartoita alueellista tilannetta. Lukija voi itse määritellä tilannekatsauksen omalla näkökulmallaan alueellisessa ja kokonaisvaltaisessa seksuaalikasvatuksen toteutuksessa. Yhteistoiminnallinen kasvatusverkosto voi käsittää jo olemassa olevia toimintamalleja. Opinnäytteen tavoite on esittää toimijaverkostolle ja ammattilaisille tärkeitä näkökulmia seksuaalikasvatuksesta. Opinnäytteessä huomioidaan kansalliset ja kansainväliset tavoitteen. Lähteiden mukaan korjattavaa Suomessa on. Tämä on avaus keskustelulle avoimemmasta ja läpi elämän kulkevasta kasvatusnäkökulmasta, yhdestä elämämme tärkeimmistä asioista. Elämänkaaresta opinnäyte keskittyy nivelvaiheessa nuoruudesta aikuisuuteen kasvavaan ihmiseen, mutta huomioi seksuaalisuuden käsityksen läpi elämän. Käsitys elämänkaaren mittaisesta seksuaalikasvatuksesta voi olla uusi yhteiskunnassamme. Identiteetin muodostumisessa vaikuttaa niin sosiaalinen ympäristö, kasvatus kuin itsereflektio. Yhtenäinen ja kokonainen näkökulma seksuaalisuudesta ja yhteisöllisyyden voimasta kasvattajana on opinnäytetyön yksi tulos. Aihealueen ja kasvatuksen sensitiivisyys tulee huomioida kasvatus- ja verkostotyössä. Opinnäytetyö osoittaa sensitiivisyyden merkityksen. Sensitiivisyydellä tulee tukea seksuaalista kasvua ja kehittymistä riippumatta iästä tai elämän vaiheesta. Opinnäytteen tulokset osoittaa aikuisten miesten näkemyksen seksuaalikasvatuksen tarpeista tänäpäivänä nuorille.Sexuality education is described this exam at the national level objectives. Regional rearing responsibilities with a comprehensive sexuality education environment as among the regional workers. The actors are described as existing resources and collaborative multi-professional network. The exam gives a positive image of comprehensive sex education opportunities, it does not evaluate or map out the regional situation. The reader can determine itself the state of play in their own point of view of regional and comprehensive sexuality education implementation. Co-operative educational network may include already working models. The exam objective is to bring out the actor in the network and professionals perspective of sexual education with regard to national and international objective in mind. Since, according to sources correct, however, can be said to be in Finland, this is the opening of a more open debate and through life passing from the holistic perspective of one of the most important educational issues of our lives. As life cycle exam focuses on the transition from adolescence to adulthood grow to humans, but recognice sexuality through the understanding of life. The perception of life-long arc of sexuality education can be a new society. The formation of identity affects both the social environment, education as well self-reflection. A single and a full perspective of sexuality and entry into force of community is one of the results of the exam. From education and sensitivity should be taken into account in the education and the network at work. The thesis demonstrates the importance of sensitivity . Sensitivity must support the sexual growth and development , regardless of age or stage of life . The research shows adult men 's view of sexuality education needs of youths today

Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on PA6-Derived Adipocytes.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source for cell replacement therapies. Parkinson's disease is one of the candidate diseases for the cell replacement therapy since the motor manifestations of the disease are associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) is the most commonly used method for the dopaminergic differentiation of hESCs. This chapter describes a simple, reliable, and scalable dopaminergic induction method of hESCs using PA6-derived adipocytes. Coculturing hESCs with PA6-derived adipocytes markedly reduces the variable outcomes among experiments. Moreover, the colony differentiation step of this method can also be used for the dopaminergic induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and NTERA2 cells as well

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not enhance intra-synovial tendon healing despite engraftment and homing to niches within the synovium

Intra-synovial tendon injuries display poor healing, which often results in reduced functionality and pain. A lack of effective therapeutic options has led to experimental approaches to augment natural tendon repair with autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) although the effects of the intra-synovial environment on the distribution, engraftment and functionality of implanted MSCs is not known. This study utilised a novel sheep model which, although in an anatomically different location, more accurately mimics the mechanical and synovial environment of the human rotator cuff, to determine the effects of intra-synovial implantation of MSCs

Human Sclera Maintains Common Characteristics with Cartilage throughout Evolution

BACKGROUND: The sclera maintains and protects the eye ball, which receives visual inputs. Although the sclera does not contribute significantly to visual perception, scleral diseases such as refractory scleritis, scleral perforation and pathological myopia are considered incurable or difficult to cure. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of the human sclera as one of the connective tissues derived from the neural crest and mesoderm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have demonstrated microarray data of cultured human infant scleral cells. Hierarchical clustering was performed to group scleral cells and other mesenchymal cells into subcategories. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed similarity between scleral cells and auricular cartilage-derived cells. Cultured micromasses of scleral cells exposed to TGF-betas and BMP2 produced an abundant matrix. The expression of cartilage-associated genes, such as Indian hedge hog, type X collagen, and MMP13, was up-regulated within 3 weeks in vitro. These results suggest that human 'sclera'-derived cells can be considered chondrocytes when cultured ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our present study shows a chondrogenic potential of human sclera. Interestingly, the sclera of certain vertebrates, such as birds and fish, is composed of hyaline cartilage. Although the human sclera is not a cartilaginous tissue, the human sclera maintains chondrogenic potential throughout evolution. In addition, our findings directly explain an enigma that the sclera and the joint cartilage are common targets of inflammatory cells in rheumatic arthritis. The present global gene expression database will contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of developmental diseases such as high myopia

Nanomagnetic intergrowths in Fe-Ni meteoritic metal: The potential for time-resolved records of planetesimal dynamo fields

Nanoscale intergrowths unique to the cloudy zones (CZs) of meteoritic metal display novel magnetic behaviour with the potential to reveal new insight into the early development of magnetic fields on protoplanetary bodies. The nanomagnetic state of the CZ within the Tazewell IIICD iron meteorite has been imaged using off-axis electron holography. The CZ is revealed to be a natural nanocomposite of magnetically hard islands of tetrataenite (ordered FeNi) embedded in a magnetically soft matrix of ordered Fe3Ni. In the remanent state, each tetrataenite island acts as a uniaxial single domain particle with its 001 magnetic easy axis oriented along one of three ?100? crystallographic directions of the parent taenite phase. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate that switching occurs via the nucleation and propagation of domain walls through individual tetrataenite particles. The switching field (Hs) varies with the length scale of the matrix phase (Lm), with Hs \> 1 T for Lm \~{}10 nm (approaching the intrinsic switching field for isolated single domain tetrataenite) and 0.2 \< H s \< 0.6 T for Lm \~{}30 nm. The reduction in Hs with increasing Lc is caused by exchange coupling between the hard tetrataenite islands and the soft magnetic matrix, which lowers the critical field for domain wall nucleation, providing an explanation for previously observed coercivity variations throughout the {CZ.} Non-random distributions of the tetrataenite easy axes are observed locally throughout the {CZ}, suggesting a magnetic field could have been present during nanostructure formation. This observation demonstrates the potential for stable chemical transformation remanent magnetisation to be encoded by the nanostructure, with variations in the proportions of the six possible magnetisation states reflecting the intensity and relative direction of the magnetic fields present during cooling. According to recent cooling models, the cooling rate of meteoritic metal originating near the surface of differentiated planetesimals was such that the magnetic signal across the {CZ} could potentially record dynamo field intensity and direction variations over time (10{\textendash}100 Ma), which would enable events such as magnetic reversals and the decay of an asteroid dynamo to be observed

Effect of Grain Boundary Character Distribution on the Impact Toughness of 410NiMo Weld Metal

Grain boundary character distributions in 410NiMo weld metal were studied in the as-welded, first-stage, and second-stage postweld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions, and these were correlated with the Charpy-V impact toughness values of the material. The high impact toughness values in the weld metal in the as-welded and first-stage PWHT conditions compared to that in the second-stage condition are attributed to the higher fraction of low-energy I pound boundaries. A higher volume fraction of retained austenite and coarser martensite after second-stage PWHT accompanied by the formation of the ideal cube component in the 2-hour heat-treated specimen led to a reduction in the toughness value. A subsequent increase in the PWHT duration at 873 K (600 A degrees C) enhanced the formation of {111}aOE (c) 112 >, which impedes the adverse effect of the cubic component, resulting in an increase in the impact toughness. In addition to this, grain refinement during 4-hour PWHT in the second stage also increased the toughness of the weld metal