Timed Consistent Network Updates

Network updates such as policy and routing changes occur frequently in Software Defined Networks (SDN). Updates should be performed consistently, preventing temporary disruptions, and should require as little overhead as possible. Scalability is increasingly becoming an essential requirement in SDN. In this paper we propose to use time-triggered network updates to achieve consistent updates. Our proposed solution requires lower overhead than existing update approaches, without compromising the consistency during the update. We demonstrate that accurate time enables far more scalable consistent updates in SDN than previously available. In addition, it provides the SDN programmer with fine-grained control over the tradeoff between consistency and scalability.Comment: This technical report is an extended version of the paper "Timed Consistent Network Updates", which was accepted to the ACM SIGCOMM Symposium on SDN Research (SOSR) '15, Santa Clara, CA, US, June 201

Dynamical reentrance and geometry imposed quantization effects in Nb-AlOx-Nb Josephson junction arrays

In this paper, we report on different phenomena related to the magnetic properties of artificially prepared highly ordered (periodic) two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays (2D-JJA) of both shunted and unshunted Nb-AlOx-Nb tunnel junctions. By employing mutual-inductance measurements and using a high-sensitive bridge, we have thoroughly investigated (both experimentally and theoretically) the temperature and magnetic field dependence of complex AC susceptibility of 2D-JJA. We also demonstrate the use of the scanning SQUID microscope for imaging the local flux distribution within our unshunted arrays

Influência do magnésio na absorção de manganês e zinco por raízes destacadas de soja.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do Mg na absorção do Zn e do Mn em quatro cultivares de soja

Efeito da bactéria Pasteuria penetrans em populações de nematóide-das-galhas, Meloidogyne arenaria.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabaho avaliar a eficiência de Pasteuria penetrans em populações de Meloidogyne arenaria em casa-de-vegetação. Os tratamentos foram compostos de quatro doses de inóculo de P. penetrans: 0,3,25x(10 elevado a 5) , 6,50x(10 elevado a 5) e 1,300x(10 elevado a 6) endósporos/kg de solo/vaso aplicadas em solo naturalmente infestado com Meloidogyne arenaria e outros nematóides fitoparasitas. Logo depois da incorporação da bactéria foi semeada, uma semente de feijão (cv. Carioca) por tubo. O experimento foi avaliado em três etapas: a primeira, passados 77 dias do plantio do feijão; a segunda, aos 133 dias depois do primeiro plantio da soja cv. Cristalina e a terceira, 108 dias depois do segundo plantio da soja cv. Doko RC em sequência. Na primeira etapa, houve redução drástica na população final de M. arenaria em relação à população inicial em todos os tratamentos devido ao ataque severo do nematóide, resultando na morte das plantas. Na segunda etapa, houve ligeiro aumento na população final do nematóide M arenaria no tratamento 6,50x (10 elevado a 5) endósporos/kg de solo mas não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Na terceira etapa, o nematóide M. arenaria foi eliminado totalmente do solo em todos os tratamentos (p0,05). In the second evaluation, the little increase in the final population of M. arenaria was observed with 6,5x10 5 endospores/kg of soil, but did not differ significantly from other treatments. In the third evaluation, M. arenaria populations were eliminated in all the treatments and differed significantly (p<0.05) from the check. The results showed that P. penetrans is highly efficient in the control of M. arenaria, even at the lowest level (3,25x10 5 endospores/kg of soil) within a period of 318 days.bitstream/CPAC-2009/24970/1/bolpd_79.pd

On the name of the lepidophagous characid fish Roeboexodon guyanensis (Puyo) (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

The arguments for the usage of the names Gnathoplax, Roeboexodon, R. geryi, and R. guyanensis are revised. Based on the literature and museum specimens, we recommend that the neotype of Exodon guyanensis should be considered valid; that the genus Gnathoplax should be considered an objective junior synonym of Roeboexodon; and that Roeboexodon geryi should be considered an objective junior synonym of Exodonguyanensis.Os argumentos para o uso dos nomes Gnathoplax, Roeboexodon, R. geryi e R. guyanensis são reavaliados. Baseados na literatura e em espécimes de museu, recomendamos que o neótipo de Exodonguyanensis seja considerado válido, que o gênero Gnathoplax seja considerado sinônimo objetivo júnior de Roeboexodon e que Roeboexodon geryi seja considerado sinônimo objetivo júnior de Exodon guyanensis.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de São Paulo Museu de ZoologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências BiológicasSciEL

Molecular Insight into the Self-Assembly Process of Cellulose I beta Microfibril

The self-assembly process of β-D-glucose oligomers on the surface of cellulose Iβ microfibril involves crystallization, and this process is analyzed herein, in terms of the length and flexibility of the oligomer chain, by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The characterization of this process involves the structural relaxation of the oligomer, the recognition of the cellulose I microfibril, and the formation of several hydrogen bonds (HBs). This process is monitored on the basis of the changes in non-bonded energies and the interaction with hydrophilic and hydrophobic crystal faces. The oligomer length is considered a parameter for capturing insight into the energy landscape and its stability in the bound form with the cellulose I microfibril. We notice that the oligomer–microfibril complexes are more stable by increasing the number of hydrogen bond interactions, which is consistent with a gain in electrostatic energy. Our studies highlight the interaction with hydrophilic crystal planes on the microfibril and the acceptor role of the flexible oligomers in HB formation. In addition, we study by MD simulation the interaction between a protofibril and the cellulose I microfibril in solution. In this case, the main interaction consists of the formation of hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic faces, and those HBs involve donor groups in the protofibril

Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Infant with Ventriculomegaly is ist Congenital or Postnatal?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal disruptive self-assembly in dynamic peptide libraries

There is a significant interest in the use of unmodified self-assembling peptides as building blocks for functional, supramolecular biomaterials. Recently, dynamic peptide libraries (DPLs) have been proposed to select self-assembling materials from dynamically exchanging mixture of dipeptide inputs in the presence of a nonspecific protease enzyme, where peptide sequences are selected and amplified based on their self-assembling tendencies. It was shown that the results of DPL of mixed sequences (e.g. starting from a mixture of dileucine, L2 and diphenylalanine, F2) did not give the same outcome as the separate L2 and F2 libraries (which give rise to formation of F6 and L6), implying that interaction between these sequences could disrupt the self-assembly. In this study, coarse grained molecular dynamic (CG-MD) simulations are used to understand the DPL results for F2, L2 and mixed libraries. CG-MD simulations demonstrate that interactions between precursors can cause the low formation yield of hexapeptides in mixtures of dipeptides and show that this ability to disrupt is influenced by the concentration of the different species in the DPL. The disrupting self-assembly effect between the species in DPL is an important effect to take into account in dynamic combinatorial chemistry as it affects the possible discovery of new materials. The work shows that combined computational and experimental screening can be used complementary and in combination provide a powerful means to discover new supramolecular peptide nanostructures