School readiness of moderately preterm children at preschool age

The study investigates the preschool readiness of moderately preterm children and, in particular, the likely presence of learning disabilities at preschool age. Its theoretical model detects linguistic comprehension and expression; memory-related metacognition and cognition skills; orientation and motor coordination skills; premathematics and preliteracy ones. The research project involved an experimental group made up of 55 moderately preterm children (mean age = 62 months, mean gestational age = 34.6 weeks), without any clinical neonatal complications, and low birth weight (M = 2,100 g, SD = 350 g); a control group made up of 55 full-term children without pre- and perinatal complications. The children’s primary school reference teachers were given a questionnaire (Observative Questionnaire for Early Identification of Learning Disabilities), which was aimed at identifying any likely social and cognitive skill deficits at preschool age. The data, submitted to nonparametric univariate variance, show how scores of moderately preterm children in the metacognition [U (n1 e n2 = 55) = 35, p = 0.04, r = 0.49] are statistically lower, other cognitive skills (memory, orientation, and visual–motor coordination) [U (n1 e n2 = 55) = 32, p = 0.02, r = 0.45], premathematics [U (n1 e n2 = 55) = 32, p = 0.02, r = 0.44], and the total score [U (n1 e n2 = 55) = 31, p = 0.02, r = 0.12]. Such data would seem to suggest the need for hypothesizing preventive training and educational paths as a prerequisite for the development of the school abilities

Morse potential energy spectra through the variational method and supersymmetry

The Variational Method is applied within the context of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics to provide information about the energy and eigenfunction of the lowest levels of a Hamiltonian. The approach is illustrated by the case of the Morse potential applied to several diatomic molecules and the results are compared with stablished results.Comment: 9 pages, LATEX, 1 eps figur

Reinvenção do Ensino da Língua Portuguesa e Literatura na Escola: Propostas de Alunos Estagiários em Letras

The job, here presented, is a literacy practices result, in special, developed during the letters students trainee, through a extension project called Experiences of reading/writing: the readers/writers formation. This text  has as objective relate two teaching proposals, bringing a specific methodology which tries to show, to the future letters professionals, a fertile possibility of working with language and literature at school.  Also, bring a brief theoretical approaching about literacy, to situate the lector about the meaning of this term.  Through practices developed during the trainee results, was possible to realize the diversity and richness of actions which has the potential of overarching the language and literature classroom, transforming this space in a pleasure space, of significant learning which mobilize the creativity, the criticality and the development of the reading and writing pleasure. O trabalho, aqui apresentado, é resultado das práticas de letramento, em especial, de letramento literário levadas a cabo no período de estágio de discentes do Curso de Letras, via projeto de extensão Experiências de leitura/escrita: a formação de leitores/escritores. O objetivo deste texto é o de relatar duas propostas de ensino com o texto literário, trazendo uma metodologia específica que visa apresentar, aos futuros profissionais das Letras, uma possibilidade fértil de trabalhar com a língua e a literatura na escola. Também, traz uma breve abordagem teórica sobre letramento, para situar o leitor sobre o significado de tal termo. Como resultado das práticas desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio, foi possível perceber a diversidade e riqueza de ações que podem perpassar a sala de aula de língua e literatura, transformando esse espaço em espaço de prazer, de aprendizagens significativas que mobilizam a criatividade, a criticidade e o desenvolvimento do prazer pela leitura e escrita. Palavras-chave: letramento; ensino de língua e literatura; estágio de docência.

AÇÃO SOCIAL & ENVELHECIMENTO HUMANO: PROGRAMA MAIOR IDADE – PRÓ-MAIOR

UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINO

Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020

We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil

AUTONOMIA NA VELHICE: CONCEPÇÕES DE IDOSOS PARTICIPANTES DE UM PROGRAMA DE AÇÃO SOCIAL

Neste estudo o GREG [1] propõe-se a identificar como os idosos do Programa PRÓ-MAIOR concebem a autonomia em suas vidas, considerando a contribuição da autonomia na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com oito idosos voluntários, que integram distintos grupos do Programa. Os dados analisados revelaram que autonomia relaciona-se com conhecimento, motivação, avaliação e capacidade decisória, que incluí a vontade de agir, ou seja, requer um comportamento proativo e que o exercício da autonomia relaciona-se com a saúde, a qualidade de vida e a independência financeira dos sujeitos de pesquisa. palavras-chave Envelhecimento Humano. Autonomia. Programa Social. [1] GREG - Grupo de Estudos Gerontológicos do Programa Maior Idade/PRÓ-MAIOR/Programa de Ação Social na Área do Envelhecimento Humano/Diretoria de Ação Social na Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS/RS. abstract In this study GREG proposes to identify how the elderly participants of the Program PRÓ-MAIOR conceive autonomy in their lives, considering the contribution of autonomy in the elderly quality of life. This is an exploratory qualitative research, conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight elderly volunteers that comprise distinct groups of the Program. The analysis showed that autonomy is related to knowledge, motivation, evaluation and decision capacity, which includes the will to act, that means, it requires a proactive behavior and that the exercise of autonomy is related to the health, the quality of life and the financial independence of the research subjects. keywords Human Aging. Autonomy. Social Program.

Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics.

Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest 28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance

Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics

Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest <14 days after the symptoms onset (86%), decreasing >28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance

Gallstones, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein, and Gallbladder Cancer: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Chilean and European Genotype Data

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a neglected disease with substantial geographical variability: Chile shows the highest incidence worldwide, while GBC is relatively rare in Europe. Here, we investigate the causal effects of risk factors considered in current GBC prevention programs as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a marker of chronic inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using publicly available data and our own data from a retrospective Chilean and a prospective European study. Causality was assessed by inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimates complemented with sensitivity analyses on potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy, two-step MR, and mediation analysis. We found evidence for a causal effect of gallstone disease on GBC risk in Chileans (P = 9 × 10−5) and Europeans (P = 9 × 10−5). A genetically elevated body mass index (BMI) increased GBC risk in Chileans (P = 0.03), while higher CRP concentrations increased GBC risk in Europeans (P = 4.1 × 10−6). European results suggest causal effects of BMI on gallstone disease (P = 0.008); public Chilean data were not, however, available to enable assessment of the mediation effects among causal GBC risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Two risk factors considered in the current Chilean program for GBC prevention are causally linked to GBC risk: gallstones and BMI. For Europeans, BMI showed a causal effect on gallstone risk, which was itself causally linked to GBC risk. (Hepatology 2021;73:1783-1796).Fil: Barahona Ponce, Carol. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Scherer, Dominique. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Brinster, Regina. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Boekstegers, Felix. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Marcelain, Katherine. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gárate Calderón, Valentina. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Müller, Bettina. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: de Toro, Gonzalo. Hospital Puerto Montt; Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Retamales, Javier. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: Barajas, Olga. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Ahumada, Monica. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Morales, Erik. Hospital Regional de Talca; Chile. Universidad Católica del Maule; ChileFil: Rojas, Armando. Universidad Católica del Maule; ChileFil: Sanhueza, Verónica. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Loader, Denisse. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Rivera, María Teresa. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Lorena. Hospital San Juan de Dios; ChileFil: Bernal, Giuliano. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Ortega, Alejandro. Hospital Regional; ChileFil: Montalvo, Domingo. Hospital Regional Juan Noé Crevani; ChileFil: Portiño, Sergio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Bertrán, Maria Enriqueta. Ministerio de Salud; ChileFil: Gabler, Fernando. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Hospital Clinico San Borja Arriaran; ChileFil: Spencer, Loreto. Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Olloquequi, Jordi. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; ChileFil: Fischer, Christine. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Jenab, Mazda. International Agency For Research On Cancer; AlemaniaFil: Aleksandrova, Krasimira. German Institute Of Human Nutrition; AlemaniaFil: Katzke, Verena. German Cancer Research Center; AlemaniaFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin