Simulation of BOID type behaviours in Unity environment

The study describes and characterises BOID (bird-oid object) type behaviours, consisting of joint movement of a cluster of objects with the same properties. Authors presented Reynolds’ model, which takes into account 3 rules: separation, alignment and consistency, as well as the control procedures of a cluster of objects suggested by Parker, considering such variables as wind, aim, speed, order and the occurring forces. The test method was to conduct simulation experiments with different configurations of coefficients of the forces controlling the model. For each simulation the time of moving from the start point to the end point was measured. A hundred simulations were carried out for each individual group of coefficients, and then, using the described statistics methods, generalised time values were determined. This allowed a comparison of the results and made a conclusions. The numerical simulations carried out were implemented in Unity environment. Calculating the time required for travelling the same route was done by changing the value of the separation force, cohesion, alignment and avoidance. From the values obtained, it can be seen that the biggest influence on the increase of the time of moving BOID objects, is increasing value of the coefficient of separation and levelling forces. Unity environment is well suited to conduct such simulations, since it allows to obtain both numerical values and process visualization as a 3D image. In addition, Unity allows to create individual scripts to manage simulation in individual IDEs, and consists reliable documentation, which simplifies their writing

ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE LEVENSHTEIN DISTANCE BASED HEURISTIC METHOD OF ARRANGING 2D APICTORIAL ELEMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

The article addresses the challenge of reconstructing 2D broken pictorial objects by automating the search for matching elements, which is particularly relevant in fields like archaeology and forensic science. The authors propose a method to match such elements and streamline the search process by detecting and filtering out low quality matches. The study delves into optimizing the search process in terms of duration and assembly quality. It examines factors like comparison window length, Levenshtein measure margin, and number of variants to check, using theoretical calculations and experiments on synthetic elements. The experimental results demonstrate enhanced method effectiveness, yielding more useful solutions and significantly reducing the complexity of element comparisons by up to 100 times in extreme cases

AN APPROACH TO COMPUTER-AIDED RECONSTRUCTION OF MUSEUM EXHIBITS

The article discusses the possibility of using 3D laser and 3D structured light scanning technology to support the restoration of museum objects and presents the concept of applying techniques of 3D scanning and CAD processing to create a model of the missing fragment of a museum object, based on scans of the damaged surface and fragments of the object with a similar shape. The resulting model can be used as a base element in the restoration of the original shape of the artifact, both virtually and in reality. The paper also presents the proposal of a process of reconstructing a missing fragment model of an actual museum object (an exhibit from the Zamoyski Museum in Kozłówka) using the method in question and mobile 3D scanning equipment

SELECTED METHODS OF MAKING THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIRTUAL MODELS OF MUSEUM CERAMIC OBJECTS

The paper presents available three-dimensional scanning technologies with a particular focus on the digitisation process of ceramic objects. Of the re-search carried out show that in digitising ceramic objects with concave ornamentation by the Roland PICZA LPX-600 scanner the method of scanning by planes should be used. While digitising such objects with the ZScanner ® 700 one should use the resolution of 0,4 mm. The paper also shows the suitability of reference imaging in recreating the shape of the object in constructing 3D models. This shape can be used in virtual assembly of the shells of broken ceramic vessels

Motion capture as a modern technology for analysing ergometer rowing

The paper presents a purpose-built laboratory stand consisting of a Vicon motion capture system with reference video cameras, wireless EMG system, Concept 2 Indoor Rower ergometer, wireless heart rate monitor and the Nexus software. A pilot study of people who exercise on the ergometer helped to create a proper configuration of all the components of the laboratory. Moreover, a procedure for carrying out research was developed, which consists of several steps divided into 4 stages: preparation of the motion acquisition system; preparation of the participant; familiarising participants with the technique of rowing, recording their movements and acquiring other measurement signals. Preliminary analysis of the results obtained from heterogeneous signals from various devices showed that all the components of the research stand are mutually compatible and the received signals do not interfere with one another

Multicriteria evaluation of the trajectory of a wheeled mobile robot – a case study

The problem of maintaining accuracy of autonomous movement of vehicles and robots is an important element of keeping the right level of traffic safety. This applies not only to autonomous cars, but also to construction or other industry mobile robots that will soon appear in the human environment. With that in mind, the authors present a multi-criteria assessment process, which can be used to assess the qualitative and quantitative movement of such robots, in order to better identify passage errors, as well as improve their way of moving. The authors wanted to check the effect of the set power level on engines, repeatability of subsequent runs, and the impact of the level of contamination of the surface on the stability of the robot movement. The article describes the results of the robots movement assessment based on (1) the surface areas of the routes envelope, (2) the augmented average route length and (3) the number of trajectory intersections. The results obtained were compared to the research scenarios – differences in set power for motors and the state of contamination of the surfac

A Search Method for Reassembling the Elements of a Broken 2D Object

Searching for and reassembling the elements that used to form one whole is a very common issue faced by archaeologists. This is because preparing an interesting museum exhibition consists in the presentation of the objects that have been put together, not a pile of messily disassembled puzzle pieces. The article presents the concept of using the linguistic methods in the process of joining the elements of a 2D jigsaw puzzle. The method developed in the first stage creates the edge description of an object by defined unit vectors of the same length but different directions, and assigns them a designation in the form of letters, which leads to the creation of abstract words in the form of a sequence of signs. In the second stage, the words with a defined length of strings belonging to two different objects are compared. The authors have created a program that performs an exhaustive search until the pool of available elements is fully exhausted. The conducted numerical experiments indicate the correctness of the method and effectiveness in determining the places of joining elements. The developed method will be useful to automate the reassembly of 2D elements from archaeological excavations

Virtual road concept as a tool for road quality research

Road quality assessment using crowdsourced data gathered by smartphone users, based on acceleration data, is an interesting subject on using modern technology for improvements of the infrastructure. The algorithms – for both road quality assessment and detection of different elements on the road – need to be tested, especially in the field. To facilitate building sets of different data and sharing them in a standardised way, the authors propose extraction of known road fragments with known types of surface degradation and construction of virtual streams of data, thus “virtual roads”. The procedure for data extraction and building a database of segments, combining them into virtual road, as well as testing real-world algorithm using the constructed virtual road are presented in the paper

Virtual road concept as a tool for road quality research

Road quality assessment using crowdsourced data gathered by smartphone users, based on acceleration data, is an interesting subject on using modern technology for improvements of the infrastructure. The algorithms – for both road quality assessment and detection of different elements on the road – need to be tested, especially in the field. To facilitate building sets of different data and sharing them in a standardised way, the authors propose extraction of known road fragments with known types of surface degradation and construction of virtual streams of data, thus “virtual roads”. The procedure for data extraction and building a database of segments, combining them into virtual road, as well as testing real-world algorithm using the constructed virtual road are presented in the paper

COMBINED SYSTEMS OF ENERGY GENERATION – A CHARACTERISATION AND CLASSIFICATION

The study presents issues concerning technical solutions of combined systems of energy generation which can be used primarily in low-level power plants, installed in various types of public utility sites. A detailed description is given of selected ways of powering combined energy generation systems, presenting conceptual outlines of their operation and information on their advantages, disadvantages and applications. The following systems are introduced: gas-steam, back-pressure steam turbine, extraction-condensing steam turbine, gas turbine, gas microturbine, Stirling engine, fuel cells and internal combustion piston engine. Moreover, the study addresses economic aspects of energy generation in combined systems, discussing different methodologies of cost calculation, including the one used by the European Union. The article also gives a detailed review of piston engine combined-system aggregates available in the Polish market. Type series of associated systems designed for low-power appliances are shown, produced by Polish and foreign companies such as Viessmann, Centrum Elektroniki Stosowanej CES, H. Cegielski – Poznań, KWE Technika Energetyczna, TEDOM Poland or the EPS System