Phytophthora capsici on Capsicum plants: a destructive pathogen in chili and pepper crops.

Thus, this chapter addressed the etiology, symptomatology, occurrence and management of the disease. Additionally, the cycle of the disease is discussed in a holistic and simple way.On-line first

Effect of organic and chemical fertilization on the onion crop (Allium cepa L.)

The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable widely cultivated and in high demand in national and international markets. Due to the risks that the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals represents for human health and the environment, the present study aimed to make a comparative analysis of the effects of organic vs chemical fertilization currently used in the cropping of red hybrid bulb onion (Eureka). Three organic fertilizers (Zumsil®, ComCat® and EcoFungi®) were compared to three chemical fertilizers (15-15-15®, Muriate of Potash® and Nitrofoska®). The response variables were: plant height at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), length, diameter and average weight of bulbs, yield in tons per hectare and the relationship between height at 30 and 60 DAT. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with four replicates, seven treatments and 28 experimental units. The statistics used include an analysis of variance and a Canonical Biplot that allowed to obtain groups of variables and to determine their correlation with each one of the treatments. Additionally, a marginal analysis of dominant treatments was performed. Positive response of variables was strongly associated with organic fertilizers. From the economic point of view, the ComCat® organic fertilizer represented an ecological alternative with excellent benefits for the producer. This research is in line with the trends for agrochemical-free foods

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adapting agriculture to climate change: a synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across five continents.

Na publicação: Marcelo B. Medeiros

Tuber quality characteristics of ecuadorian potato landraces and farmer preferences

Antioxidants, such as polyphenols and carotenoids, are present in potato and reported to have positive effects on human health. For Ecuadorian landraces there is a lack of data on these compounds. The present study aims 1) to characterize potato landraces from three areas in Ecuador for dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents and 2) to determine if farmer preferences for certain landraces are based on characteristics related to nutritional value. We evaluated 23 potato landraces collected from farmer’s fields and organized workshops in the areas to collect information on the preferences of local farmers. We found varying levels of dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents among Ecuadorian potato landraces, some even comparable to improved varieties. The extent of the use of these potato landraces by farmers and breeders is discussed.Accepted for publication: June 30, 2012

Phytophthora capsici: the diseases it causes and management strategies to produce healthier vegetable crops.

The aim of this review is to address topics related to etiology and symptoms of the diseases caused by this oomycete (leaf blight, root rot, crown rot and fruit rot), as well as the integration and application of different control alternatives, such as genetics, cultural, physical, biological, and chemical. Crops such as sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (S. melongena), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita spp.), among others, are subject to considerable economic losses induced by this pathogen

<em>Phytophthora capsici</em> on <em>Capsicum</em> Plants: A Destructive Pathogen in Chili and Pepper Crops

Capsicum from tropical and subtropical America, is an important genus for the nutritional, economic and cultural values of its species. At the same time, the Capsicum species are affected by diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and pseudofungi, in particular the oomycete Phytophthora capsici. This phytopathogen causes great damage and losses in different Capsicum species, because it infects all plant organs causing root, crown and fruit rot; and, leaf blight. The polycyclic dispersion through zoospores and sporangia, the limited availability of resistant genotypes, and the reduced diversity of effective oomyceticides (fungicides), make P. capsici one of the most complex phytopathogens to be managed worldwide specially in field conditions. However, successful management of P. capsici depends on the knowledge of the pathogen, its interaction with the susceptible host and the methods of control used. Thus, this chapter addressed the etiology, symptomatology, occurrence and management of the disease. Additionally, the cycle of the disease is discussed in a holistic and simple way

History and status of local cotton Gossypium spp. in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) contains more than 45 diploid (2n = 26) and at least five allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52) species. The five allotetraploid (genome A and D) lineages that belong to the primary gene pool are indigenous to the Americas, including G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, G. mustelinum (Northeast Brazil), G. darwinii endemic to the Galapagos Islands, and G. tomentosum Nutall ex Seemann endemic to the Hawaii Islands. Recently, two other species, G. ekmanianum and G. stephensii, have been characterized. This review attempts to describe the historical context and importance of the cotton economy in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador during the pre and post-colonial and mention the status of conservation and characterization of cotton germplasm, and current national access to these genetic resources in each country. The document presents information about cotton agriculture and manufacture and its use by indigenous communities for clothing, ritual, and medicinal purposes, where G. barbadense was the only species used at the time. Although in the last century, upland commercial cultivars industrially belonging to the species G. hirsutum replaced the native cotton species in these four countries. Currently, native cotton species are maintained and conserved in national genebanks, although limited information is available, and more research is necessary to identify attributes that allow the countries to move forward in plant breeding initiatives. In terms of legislation, it was found that the four countries have legislation to regulate the processes of access to genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and the distribution of benefits for their conservation and use. Up to now, this information for the four South American countries is dispersed and generally included in publications of a varied nature such as scientific and technical.EEA ReconquistaFil: Arriel, N.H.C. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Cerón, M. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Cardoso, K.C.M. IF Goiano; BrasilFil: Dileo, Pablo Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: González, C. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Hoffmann, L.V. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Jiménez, H. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Klein, Lorena Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Lima, M.M. de A. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Medina, C. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Larrañaga-Monsalve, J.F. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Monteros-Altamirano, Á. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Estación Experimental Santa Catalina. Departamento Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos; EcuadorFil: Muchut, Robertino José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Paytas, Marcelo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez-Mosquera, M.E. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Salgado Funes, E.F. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) – Proyecto +Algodón FAO – ABC/MRE, Oficina Regional de la FAO Para América Latina y el Caribe; ChileFil: Spoljaric, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; Argentin

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National CropWild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges