Detecting missing method calls as violations of the majority rule

When using object-oriented frameworks it is easy to overlook certain important method calls that are required at particular places in code. In this article, we provide a comprehensive set of empirical facts on this problem, starting from traces of missing method calls in a bug repository. We propose a new system that searches for missing method calls in software based on the other method calls that are observable. Our key insight is that the voting theory concept of majority rule holds for method calls: a call is likely to be missing if there is a majority of similar pieces of code where this call is present. The evaluation shows that the system predictions go further missing method calls and often reveal different kinds of code smells (e.g., violations of API best practices)

Counts count

Abstract. Based on the 2006 edition of the Model Size Metrics workshop, we believe that counts are undervalued as useful model metrics. In this position paper, we provide arguments from the literature so as to consider counts as important metrics for the model measurement. We then state associated issues and sketch a model-driven framework to raise the abstraction level of the implementation of model metrics, starting with count metrics.

Synthetic musk in seafood products from south Europe using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction method

International audienceThis study aims at developing a method for the determination of 9 synthetic musk compounds in seafood products by combining the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). Method detection limits (MDL) ranging between 0.001 and 1.94 ng g-1 were obtained. The linearity is higher than 0.9899 in the range MDL - 100 ng g-1 with precision below 18% and recoveries between 46% and 120% were obtained. The method was applied to quantify musk compounds in seafood products from the European southwest coast (oysters, mussels, salmon organs, glass eels). Galaxolide and Tonalide exhibited the highest concentration levels ranging between MDL - 96.4 ng g-1 and MDL - 6.85 ng g-1, respectively. Contamination levels observed for the two nitro musks (musk xylene and musk ketone) are significantly lower ranging between MDL - 0.6 ng g-1 and MDL - 0.09 ng g-1, respectively. Analysis of different organs of salmons showed higher concentrations in liver and gonad than in muscle tissues. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved