‘Misclassified Partnership’ and the Impact of Legal Loophole on Workers

In Indonesia, the partnership model was previously popularized by gig companies. However, now it is spreading into various businesses, such as e-commerce, shipping, and start-up industries. Over the years, the extensive use of the partnership model is becoming problematic as it transforms into a "misclassified partnership," where a job that should be considered an employment relationship is instead misclassified into a partnership. This study uses doctrinal legal research completed with a statutory approach to finding an apparent legal loophole regarding the partnership model within Indonesia's regulatory space. The term "partnership" is not recognized by Manpower Law. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Law, on the other hand, identifies the term partnership (kemitraan) but does not contextualize it within the current partnership model. The research also found that this legal loophole has been impacting the working conditions of workers under the partnership model, robbing their workers' rights and legal protection by law. The possible solutions to the issue are then discussed by looking at the good practices in other countries, such as the UK, France, Spain, and the US

De Onde Menos se Espera: A Disciplina do Terror em Lygia Fagundes Telles

This essay explores the use of the genre of the fantastic and of terror as a recurring trope in the works of fiction and to a lesser extent the chronicles and would-be memorialistic writing of Lygia Fagundes Telles. It argues that the rule of uncertainty and the withholding from the reader of the possibility of interpretative truth is the tool whereby pre-supposed normality in human, familial and social relations gives way to the fearful unknown

Trombe walls with nanoporous aerogel insulation applied to UK housing refurbishments

There is an opportunity to improve the efficiency of passive Trombe walls and active solar air collectors by replacing their conventional glass covers with lightweight polycarbonate panels filled with nanoporous aerogel insulation. This study investigates the thermal performance, energy savings, and financial payback period of passive Aerogel Trombe walls applied to the existing UK housing stock. Using parametric modeling, a series of design guidance tables have been generated, providing estimates of the energy savings and overheating risk associated with applying areas of Trombe wall to four different house types across the UK built to six notional construction standards. Calculated energy savings range from 183 kWh/m2/year for an 8 m2 system retrofitted to a solid walled detached house to 62 kWh/m2/year for a 32 m2 system retrofitted to a super insulated flat. Predicted energy savings from Trombe walls up to 24 m2 are found to exceed the energy savings from external insulation across all house types and constructions. Small areas of Trombe wall can provide a useful energy contribution without creating a significant overheating risk. If larger areas are to be installed, then detailed calculations would be recommended to assess and mitigate potential overheating issues.The EPSRC, Brunel University, and Buro Happold Lt

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EPITAXIAL LAYERS OF IN0.71GA0.29AS0.63P0.37

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Evidence of formation of Si-C bonds during growth of Si-doped III-V semiconductor compounds

In this work, we demonstrate that Si-C bonds are formed in III-V semiconductor compounds grown by chemical beam epitaxy. Our results suggest that the formation of Si-C bonds occurs in III-V epitaxial layers with acceptor Carbon residual concentration and high Si concentrations (>10(17) cm(-3)). The main consequence of Si-C bonds is the generation of defects along [111] direction. These defects produce carrier concentration saturation, reduction of electrical mobility, crystal quality degradation, and surface defects. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.861

Self-assembled islands on strained systems: Control of formation, evolution, and spatial distribution

The dynamics of island formation on strained epitaxial films is investigated using the system formed by InAs on InP. Island shape, size, and spatial distribution are determined by surface atom diffusion that is modified by the presence of steps and/or corrugations on the surface. Different step characteristics-type and density-are shown to strongly affect the islanding process. By controlling the morphology of the underlying InP film we were able to achieve InAs/InP structures with periodic spatial distribution in one single step of growth.5719125011250

A vine copula mixed effect model for trivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies accounting for disease prevalence

A bivariate copula mixed model has been recently proposed to synthesize diagnostic test accuracy studies and it has been shown that it is superior to the standard generalized linear mixed model in this context. Here, we call trivariate vine copulas to extend the bivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies by accounting for disease prevalence. Our vine copula mixed model includes the trivariate generalized linear mixed model as a special case and can also operate on the original scale of sensitivity, specificity, and disease prevalence. Our general methodology is illustrated by re-analyzing the data of two published meta-analyses. Our study suggests that there can be an improvement on trivariate generalized linear mixed model in fit to data and makes the argument for moving to vine copula random effects models especially because of their richness, including reflection asymmetric tail dependence, and computational feasibility despite their three dimensionality

Atmospheric trace metal deposition from natural and anthropogenic sources in Western Australia

Aerosols from Western Australia supply micronutrient trace elements including Fe into the western shelf of Australia and further afield into the Southern and Indian Oceans. However, regional observations of atmospheric trace metal deposition are limited. Here, we applied a series of leaching experiments followed by total analysis of bulk aerosol samples to a unique time-series of aerosol samples collected in Western Australia to determine atmospheric concentrations and solubilities of Fe and V, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb. Positive matrix factorisation analysis indicated that mineral dust, biomass burning particulates, sea salt, and industrial emissions were the major types of aerosols. Overall, natural sources dominated Fe deposition. Higher atmospheric concentrations of mineral dust (sixfold) and biomass burning emissions were observed in warmer compared to cooler months. The fraction of labile Fe (0.6–6.0%) was lower than that reported for other regions of Australia. Bushfire emissions are a temporary source of labile Fe and may cause a peak in the delivery of its more easily available forms to the ocean. Increased labile Fe deposition may result in higher ocean productivity in regions where Fe is limiting, and the effect of aerosol deposition on ocean productivity in this region requires further study

Hybrid copula mixed models for combining case-control and cohort studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic tests

Copula mixed models for trivariate (or bivariate) meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies accounting (or not) for disease prevalence have been proposed in the biostatistics literature to synthesize information. However, many systematic reviews often include case-control and cohort studies, so one can either focus on the bivariate meta-analysis of the case-control studies or the trivariate meta-analysis of the cohort studies, as only the latter contains information on disease prevalence. In order to remedy this situation of wasting data we propose a hybrid copula mixed model via a combination of the bivariate and trivariate copula mixed model for the data from the case-control studies and cohort studies, respectively. Hence, this hybrid model can account for study design and also due to its generality can deal with dependence in the joint tails. We apply the proposed hybrid copula mixed model to a review of the performance of contemporary diagnostic imaging modalities for detecting metastases in patients with melanoma