Antimicrobial activity of traditional Chinese medicines on common oral bacteria

Objective: To evaluate twenty Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) against four oral bacteria. Methods: Twenty TCM were tested for sensitivity against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aliquots of suspension of each bacterial species were inoculated on a horse blood agar (HBA) plate, 6 mm diameter paper disks was soaked in different drug suspensions were placed concentrically on a HBA plate. Disks soaked in 0.2% w/v chlorhexidine were used as positive controls. These HBA plates were incubated for 48 hours anaerobically and the diameters of growth inhibition of three different areas were measured using a calibrated computer software and the mean diameter obtained for each bacteria. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The experiment was repeated on three separate occasions. Results: The TCMs that consistently against Porphyromonas gingivalis, included Folium artemisiae argyi, Fructus crataegi, Rhizoma dryopteris crassirhizomae, Flos magnoliae, Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati, Radix scrophulariae ningpoensis, Galla chinensis, Radix scutellariae baicalensis and Rhizoma coptidis; against Streptococcus mutans included Fructus crataegi, Galla chinensis and Rhizoma copitidis; against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis included Galla chinensis and Rhizoma copitidis. Conclusion: Rhizoma copitidis and Galla chinensis had inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro

Antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicine herbs against common bacteria in oral biofilm. A pilot study

Twenty traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four common oral bacteria. TCMs were tested for sensitivity against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aliquots of suspension of each bacterial species were inoculated onto a horse blood agar plate with TCMs soaked separately on 6 mm paper disks. The plates were incubated for 48 h anaerobically and the mean diameters of growth inhibition of three different areas obtained. 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine was used as a positive control. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Fructus armeniaca mume was effective against all four bacteria. Thirteen TCMs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cortex phellodendri, Flos caryophylli, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Fructus armeniaca mume, Fructus forsythiae suspensae, Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis, Herba menthae haplocalycis, Pericarpium granati, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Radix gentianae, Ramulus cinnamomi cassia and Rhizoma cimicifugae. Cortex phellodendri showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Radix et rhizoma rhei was effective against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. © 2010 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

O uso de inibidores de apetite por mulheres: um olhar a partir da perspectiva de gênero The use of apetite inhibitors by women: an insight based on the gender perspective

O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender os motivos que levam mulheres adultas a utilizar medicamentos inibidores do apetite e verificar, a partir da ótica de gênero, como se estabelece a relação dessas mulheres com seus próprios corpos. Orientado pelos princípios da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou como técnicas de construção de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação direta. Participaram como informantes do estudo seis mulheres usuárias de anorexígenos. Os resultados apontaram que as imagens, a publicidade e as redes sociais contribuem significativamente para a criação de padrões de aparência física e de "estilos de vida", cujo modelo preconiza a boa aparência (corpo magro) e a felicidade conjugal. O corpo magro é representado como algo capaz de alterar condições, ou seja, pessoa gorda = pessoa infeliz; e pessoa magra = pessoa feliz. O estudo mostra que é no corpo como lócus que o papel socialmente destinado às mulheres será produzido e reproduzido.<br>The scope of this study was to understand the motives that lead adult women to use appetite inhibitors and to establish, from a gender perspective, how these women relate to their own bodies. It was structured around the principles of qualitative research, and the methods of data collection were semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The informants were six women who used appetite inhibitors. The results indicated that images, publicity and social networks contribute significantly to the creation of new standards of physical appearance as well as lifestyles, which establish appearance (a slim body) and a happy marriage as the desired model. The slim body is represented as something able to alter the temperament of the individual, in other words a fat person is an unhappy person and a slim person is a happy person. The study shows that it is in the body per se that the social role destined for women is produced and reproduced