Varied Responses as a Means to the Richness of Discourse: Reading Tough Texts through Speaking and Writing

Abstract: New scholarship advocates that students should learn deeply and well. Little information exists on exactly how to get students deeply into material so that they understand it inside and out, backward and forward and in a way that enables them to construct knowledge schemas. The authors have developed a heuristic list of communication response styles that enrich understanding of complex ideas and works and promotes students to use metacognition to reflect deeply about what they are learning

Spectra of comet P/Halley at R = 4 - 8 AU

Spectra of Comet Halley (lambda lambda = 3400-6500 A) were acquired at pre- and post-perihelion distances of 4.8 AU on 1985 Feb. 17 (Coma V equals 18.9 mag) and 1987 Feb. 1 (coma V = 15.9 mag) using the 4.5-m Multiple-Mirror Telescope (MMT) and the CTIO 4.0-m telescope, respectively. The CN(0,0) violet system band flux at 4.8 AU was approx. 15 times greater at the post-perhelion phase compared to pre-perihelion. Additional post-perihelion spectra, obtained on 1986 Nov. 28 to 30 with the MTT, showed CN(0,0) and very weak C3 4040 A emission. The MMT data are one-dimensional spectra (aperture: 5 arc sec diameter) obtained with an intensified Reticon while the CTIO data are two-dimensional spectra (slit length = 280 arc sec) obtained with a 2D-Frutti photon counting system. Extended CN(0,0) emission was detected in the 1987 Feb. 1 (at 4.8 AU) spectra to a distance of at least 70 arc sec in the solar and anti-solar directions. Additional CCD spectra obtained with the KPNO 2.2-meter telescope on 1988 Feb. 20 (at 7.9 AU) show scattered solar continuum approx. 32 arc sec diameter. However, no emission features were detected at 7.9 AU

CFDEM® modelling of particle coating in a three-dimensional prismatic spouted bed

Particles which are difficult to handle in fluidized beds, such as big and non-spherical or small and co-/adhesive ones, can be fluidized in spouted beds. Nowadays, spouted bed processes are used for e.g. drying, spray granulation, encapsulation, and coating. Enhanced heat and mass transfer and intensive particle circulation allow a homogeneous distribution of the coating suspension on the particles accompanied by reduced agglomeration tendency. In the considered prismatic spouted bed the fluidization gas enters the bed chamber through two adjustable inlet slots. The coating suspension is sprayed via a two-fluid-nozzle in bottom-spray configuration (figure 1). The simulation of the spouted bed process was performed by means of the open source software CFDEM® coupling-PUBLIC, which combines the CFD-tool OpenFOAM® with the DEM-package LIGGGHTS® (1). The simulation results were visualized in ParaView (figure 2). Required input parameters for simulation, as e.g. the restitution coefficient, friction coefficient and Young’s modulus, were approximated with several experimental set-ups. Additionally, experiments were performed for validation of simulation results. Different turbulence models were investigated. Regarding the coating process, a spray zone was implemented in the simulations, whereby a self-written post-processing tool allowed the calculation of residence times of single particles in the spray zone. With this information a deterministic and physics-based simulation of the particle growth kinetics (growth rate) is possible. With regard to a feasible simulation time, the simulations were parallelized and a coarse-grain approach was used in order to handle a high amount of particles. Simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data. REFERENCES C. Goniva, C. Kloss, N.G. Deen, J.A.M. Kuipers and S. Pirker. Influence of Rolling Friction Modelling on Single Spout Fluidized Bed Simulations. Particuology, DOI 10.1016/j.partic.2012.05.002, 2012. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Combining Graph-Based and Deduction-Based Information-Flow Analysis

Information flow control (IFC) is a category of techniques for ensuring system security by enforcing information flow properties such as non-interference. Established IFC techniques range from fully automatic approaches with much over-approximation to approaches with high pre- cision but potentially laborious user interaction. A noteworthy approach mitigating the weaknesses of both automatic and interactive IFC tech- niques is the hybrid approach, developed by Küsters et al., which – how- ever – is based on program modifications and still requires a significant amount of user interaction. In this paper, we present a combined approach that works without any program modifications. It minimizes potential user interactions by apply- ing a dependency-graph-based information-flow analysis first. Based on over-approximations, this step potentially generates false positives. Pre- cise non-interference proofs are achieved by applying a deductive theorem prover with a specialized information-flow calculus for checking that no path from a secret input to a public output exists. Both tools are fully integrated into a combined approach, which is evaluated on a case study, demonstrating the feasibility of automatic and precise non-interference proofs for complex programs

Algorithmic Methods for Covering Arrays of Higher Index

Covering arrays are combinatorial objects used in testing large-scale systems to increase confidence in their correctness. To do so, each interaction of at most a specified number t of factors is represented in at least one test; that is, the covering array has strength t and index 1. For certain systems, the outcome of running a test may be altered by variability of the interaction effect or by measurement error of the test result. To improve the efficacy of testing, one can ensure that each interaction of t or fewer factors is represented in at least λ tests. When λ \u3e 1, this leads to covering arrays of higher index. We explore two algorithmic methods for constructing covering arrays of higher index. One is based on the in-parameter-order algorithm, and the other employs a conditional expectation paradigm. We compare these two by performing experiments on real-world benchmarks and on uniform parameter sets

Enhancement of psychosocial treatment with D-cycloserine: models, moderators, and future directions

Advances in the understanding of the neurobiology of fear extinction have resulted in the development of d-cycloserine (DCS), a partial glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, as an augmentation strategy for exposure treatment. We review a decade of research that has focused on the efficacy of DCS for augmenting the mechanisms (e.g., fear extinction) and outcome of exposure treatment across the anxiety disorders. Following a series of small-scale studies offering strong support for this clinical application, more recent larger-scale studies have yielded mixed results, with some showing weak or no effects. We discuss possible explanations for the mixed findings, pointing to both patient and session (i.e., learning experiences) characteristics as possible moderators of efficacy, and offer directions for future research in this area. We also review recent studies that have aimed to extend the work on DCS augmentation of exposure therapy for the anxiety disorders to DCS enhancement of learning-based interventions for addiction, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, and depression. Here, we attend to both DCS effects on facilitating therapeutic outcomes and additional therapeutic mechanisms beyond fear extinction (e.g., appetitive extinction, hippocampal-dependent learning).F31 MH103969 - NIMH NIH HHS; K24 DA030443 - NIDA NIH HHS; R34 MH099309 - NIMH NIH HHS; R34 MH086668 - NIMH NIH HHS; R21 MH102646 - NIMH NIH HHS; R34 MH099318 - NIMH NIH HH