Sluicing and focus related particles in Brazilian Portuguese and Nupe

We argue that the C-element que, following fronted wh-elements and fronted focused elements more generally in Brazilian Portuguese, is realized as Fin, rather than Foc (MENDES KANDYBOWICZ, 2021; pace MIOTO, 2001; MIOTO KATO, 2005). We put together three observations from the literature: (i) the appearance of que is contingent on wh/focus fronting; (ii) que introduces a finite clause, and (iii) que disappears under sluicing. We present novel evidence that Nupe’s focus particle is a left-periphery element and that Nupe provides a concrete counterexample to Merchant’s (2001) sluicing-COMP generalization. A comparison between Nupe and Brazilian Portuguese regarding the presence of nonoperator material in sluicing constructions is crucial to establishing sluicing as FinP ellipsis (BALTIN, 2010; ABOH, 2010), instead of TP ellipsis, as standardly assumed, as well as que as a Fin element. We offer an analysis that captures all of the Brazilian Portuguese distributional facts, according to which que is a Fin head with a [finite] feature and an uninterpretable [ufoc] feature that must be licensed by Agree with a higher focus head.We argue that the C-element que, following fronted wh-elements and fronted focused elements more generally in Brazilian Portuguese, is realized as Fin, rather than Foc (MENDES KANDYBOWICZ, 2021; pace MIOTO, 2001; MIOTO KATO, 2005). We put together three observations from the literature: (i) the appearance of que is contingent on wh/focus fronting; (ii) que introduces a finite clause, and (iii) que disappears under sluicing. We present novel evidence that Nupe’s focus particle is a left-periphery element and that Nupe provides a concrete counterexample to Merchant’s (2001) sluicing-COMP generalization. A comparison between Nupe and Brazilian Portuguese regarding the presence of nonoperator material in sluicing constructions is crucial to establishing sluicing as FinP ellipsis (BALTIN, 2010; ABOH, 2010), instead of TP ellipsis, as standardly assumed, as well as que as a Fin element. We offer an analysis that captures all of the Brazilian Portuguese distributional facts, according to which que is a Fin head with a [finite] feature and an uninterpretable [ufoc] feature that must be licensed by Agree with a higher focus head

Pluralistic ignorance: Conceptual framework, antecedents and consequences

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present, in an integrated manner, the knowledge acquired about pluralistic ignorance in the fields of social psychology, sociology and business. Particularly, to identify the factors that work as antecedents of pluralistic ignorance, as well as its consequences, in various research contexts. Design/methodology: This integrative study on pluralistic ignorance was conducted with the Proknow-C method, which allows the construction of knowledge through a structured process of search and identification of a bibliographic portfolio. Findings: The major results include the literature review and the identification of research networks such as Allport, O'Gorman, Shamir and Miller in the field social psychology and Harvey, Buckley and Halbesleben in organizations. A systemic analysis showed how pluralistic ignorance is formed, and clarified the difference between perceptual and inferential ignorance. The systemic analysis resulted in a model with seven social comparison errors that can be seen as antecedents of ignorance and a framework with its consequences, divided into three categories: people's attitude, people's behavior and organizational capabilities. Research limitations/implications: As with every research review, identification and review of the literature depend on the authors' world view. One of the difficulties in researching pluralistic ignorance is that it is studied in different areas of knowledge and from different perspectives. Originality/value: The knowledge acquired throughout more than eight decades of research on pluralistic ignorance is fragmented into different perspectives. However, what was shown by the systemic analysis of the literature is that studies are more often geared toward psychosocial issues and it is still not very well known how the causes and consequences of pluralistic ignorance interact with the management processes in the organizational environment. This review presents a model for guiding the process of formation of pluralistic ignorance and a guiding framework for future research, as far as its consequences are concerned.Peer Reviewe

Um estudo de caso no sector hoteleiro

A presente investigação tem como objectivo estudar a aplicação das normas ISO 9000 nos Serviços. Mais precisamente, o estudo centrou-se na compreensão dos motivos que levam as organizações do sector Hoteleiro a apostarem no desenvolvimento e implementação de sistemas de gestão de qualidade (SGQ). Ademais, procurámos analisar a sua certificação e identificar os principais benefícios alcançados, principalmente ao nível da satisfação e lealdade dos clientes. Assim, procurou-se (i) perceber por que razão as empresas no ramo Hoteleiro apostam na certificação; se por motivos de ordem comercial, ou se procuram sobretudo melhorar a eficiência e eficácia dos seus sistemas internos, e (ii) se a implementação de SGQ e respectiva certificação contribui positivamente para a melhoria do desempenho das empresas no sector Hoteleiros e para a satisfação dos seus clientes. Atendendo à natureza dos objectivos propostos, optou-se por desenvolver a investigação através da condução de um estudo de caso efectuado no Hotel Tivoli Gare do Oriente. A escolha do caso baseou-se em duas razões essenciais: (i) porque se enquadrava nas características exigidas para o estudo e (ii) devido à disponibilidade e abertura demonstrada pela Técnica de Qualidade Ambiente e Segurança (QAS) do hotel. O estudo envolveu, entre outras fontes, (i) uma visita às instalações, possibilitando o contacto directo com a realidade em estudo, (ii) a análise de artigos de jornal e estudos disponíveis na Internet referentes ao Hotel, e (iii) a análise de documentos internos. Contudo, a fonte mais importante de informação adveio da realização de uma entrevista pessoal semi-estruturada levada a cabo com a Dra. Ângela Reis Técnica QAS do Hotel Tivoli Oriente. A investigação conduzida mostra que, numa fase inicial, o processo de implementação do SGQ foi objecto de resistência por parte dos colaboradores, embora, assim que surgiram as primeiras dificuldades, essas foram rapidamente ultrapassadas através de acções de sensibilização e consciencialização. O caso aqui analisado mostra o exemplo de uma organização que não se limita a implementar um SGQ e a encará-lo como definitivo, motivada por razões de natureza essencialmente interna relacionadas com melhorias significativas ao nível da eficiência e flexibilidade dos seus processos e consequente melhoria respeitante ao serviço prestado. O Hotel Tivoli procurou ir mais além do mero cumprimento de um conjunto de requisitos, encarando os princípios da qualidade patentes na ISO 9000, nomeadamente, a focalização no cliente, a liderança, o envolvimento das pessoas, a abordagem por processos, a abordagem da gestão como um sistema, e a melhoria continua, como linhas orientadoras para uma efectiva aposta de uma estratégia pautada pela melhoria continua da qualidade.The aim of the present study is to analyze the application of ISO 9000 standards to the service sector. To be precise, this research has focused on understanding the motives that lead hospitality sector organizations to invest on the development and implementation of quality management systems (QMS). Moreover, we have sought to scrutinize the certification of QMS and to identify the most important perceived benefits, mainly regarding customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, we endeavoured to understand (i) why hospitality sector organizations pursue certification and whether they are driven by commercial reasons or by the need to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of their internal systems. Additionally, we sought to (ii) determine if the implementation and certification of QMS add to the improvement of hospitality sector organizations’ performance and to customer satisfaction. Given the nature of the proposed objectives, we opted to undertake our research by means of a case study on Hotel Tivoli Gare do Oriente. The selection of this particular case was based upon two fundamental reasons: (i) its fitting the study’s demandings and (ii) the solicitous response by the Director of Quality, Environment and HST. The study included, among other sources, (i) visiting the facilities, which provided direct contact with this context’s reality, (ii), analysing newspaper articles and on-line papers pertaining to the Hotel and (iii) examining internal documents. However, the most important source was comprised of a semistructured interview with Dr.ª Ângela Reis, Director of Quality, Environment and HST for Hotel Tivoli Oriente. The investigation shows that, earlier in the implementation, the QMS raised objections amid some employees. However, those were, alongside the first difficulties, surpassed through actions destined to raise awareness on the subject. The case study provides the example of an organization that does not limit itself to implement a QMS and to deem it completed, driven by essentially internal reasons concerning significant improvements on the levels of efficiency and flexibility in their processes and, subsequently, of the service provided. Hotel Tivoli strived to go beyond a mere fulfilment of requirements, facing the principles of quality within the ISO 9000, namely client focus, leadership, personnel involvement, processbased approach, management system approach and continuous improvement as guidelines to a well-defined strategy pursuing the continuous quality improvement

A realistic scooter rebalancing system via metaheuristics

This paper addresses a realistic electric scooter rebalancing task that includes business rules (e.g., time constraints, available truck fleet). We explore an integer encoding approach and three metaheuristics (hill climbing, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm), discussing the obtained results, current limitations and future work directions.FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/202

The finance research network in Brazil: a small world

The study of the role of collaboration networks in the production of knowledge is important and has attracted the attention of a substantial number of researchers and policy makers around the world. This paper aims to analyze the structural properties of relationship networks among Finance researchers in Brazil. By applying Social Network Analysis to data from 532 articles produced by 806 researchers between 2003 and 2012, this article's results suggest that: (a) the Brazilian environment has structural features that indicate the existence of Small Worlds; (b) a small fraction (~3%) of researchers has regular production; (c) the higher the centrality of researchers in the network, the greater the number of articles published by them.O estudo do papel das redes de colaboração na produção de conhecimento é um aspecto relevante, tendo atraído a atenção de uma parcela substancial de pesquisadores e formadores de políticas públicas ao redor do mundo. Este trabalho objetiva analisar as propriedades estruturais das redes de relações entre os pesquisadores na área de Finanças no Brasil. Com base em dados pertencentes a 532 artigos, produzidos por 806 pesquisadores, entre 2003 e 2012, os principais resultados alcançados por meio de Análise de Redes Sociais sugerem que: (a) o ambiente brasileiro possui características estruturais que indicam a existência de Small Worlds; (b) uma pequena parcela (~3%) dos pesquisadores apresenta produção com regularidade; (c) quanto maior a centralidade dos pesquisadores na rede, maior a quantidade de artigos por eles publicados.Fundação Getulio Vargas EAESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) EPPENUniversidade PaulistaUNIFESP, EPPENSciEL

Investigations on salvation and non-salvation by deletion

I use salvation and non-salvation by deletion as a window to understand computational and lexical resources in natural languages. I revisit previous findings from the literature and present novel data of repair under ellipsis from Polish and Nupe. Salvation by deletion is then used to analyze verb-echo answers in Brazilian Portuguese, which, I show, require a word order that is not available in the language. The phenomenon is also used to compare two types of approaches to phasal domains with date from Nupe. I show that salvation by deletion does not obtain in cases of intervention in A-movement and head movement locality, which implies that these are derivational constraints. Finally, salvation and nonsalvation by deletion are used as a way to distinguish two types of lexical gaps with data from Brazilian Portuguese, Russian and English

Sobre questões a-não-a e tag questions

Orientadora: Prof. Dr. Maximiliano Guimaraes MirandaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 06/12/2012Bibliografia: f. 100-106Área de concentração: Estudos LinguísticosResumo: Este trabalho discute a formação de tag questions e questões A-não-A. Desenvolvi duas hipóteses levantadas na literatura: (i) a Hipótese de den Dikken, para quem tag questions do Inglês e questões A-não-A formariam uma classe natural; e (ii) a Hipótese de Morin, para quem tag questions do Inglês e do Francês diferenciariam-se pelo constituinte afetado pela elipse. Essas duas hipóteses são aqui refinadas e estendidas para um variedade de línguas. Defende-se, neste trabalho, que tag questions, e questões A-não-A são formados por coordenação disjuntiva. Tag questions seriamperguntas formadas por coordenação na camada CP e questões A-não-A formadas por coordenação na camada SP, domínio responsável pela polaridade da sentença segundo Laka (1990). Defende-se também que a diversidade na formação de tag questions seria derivada, além do constituinte afetado pela elipse, da interação entre: (i) a especificação morfossintática do núcleo que encabeça a coordenação; e (ii) as possibilidade de superficialização desse núcleo, dadas pela competição de itens de vocabulário (Halle e Marantz 1993). O núcleo responsável pela coordenção poderia sofrer, em alguns casos, um processo que chamei de empobrecimento do traço disjuntivo, que ocorreria na presença de um traço interrogativo e, ao alterar o valor do traço disjuntivo, alteraria o item de vocabulário, de outra forma, inserido nesse núcleo. Questões A-não-A portariam, no núcleo coordenador S0, além do traço disjuntivo, um traço interrogativo não interpretável que entraria em concordância com um traço interrogativo na camada CP. À medida que essa relação é sensível a minimalidade e ciclicidade, interpretada neste trabalho como Múltiplos Spellouts (Uriagereka 1999), as restrições a ilhas apresentadas por essas estruturas puderam ser derivadas. Para questões V-não-VP em que somente a primeira sílaba é repetida, propus duas análises, uma em que a repetição é resultado de uma regra de reduplicação, e outra em que a repetição é resultado de uma adaptação fonotática. Apresento também uma análise preliminar para tag questions que não guardam identidade entre a oração inicial e a oração final (e.g "João joga xadrez, não é?") que, embora em estágio prematuro, me permitiu capturar uma série de regularidades entre a formação desse tipo de pergunta nas línguas.Abstract: This work discusses the formation of tag questions and A-not-A questions. I have developed two hypotheses previously proposed in the literature: (i) den Dikken's hypothesis, according to which tag questions and A-not-A questions form a natural class; and (ii)Morin's hypothesis, according to which what distinguishes English and French tag questions is the constituent affected by ellipsis. These hypotheses are here refined and extended for a much larger range of languages. I state that tag questions and Anot- A questions are built from a structure of disjunctive coordination. Tag questions involve coordination at the CP layer, and A-not-A questions would have coordination at the SP layer, the domain responsible for the polarity of the sentence (Laka 1990). I also claim that, aside from the issue of which constituent is affected by the ellipsis, the diversity in tag question formation is derived from: (i) the morphosyntactic specification of the head of the coordination; and (ii) the possibilities of morphological realization of such head, given the competition among vocabulary items (Halle & Marantz 1993). The head responsible for coordination could, in some cases, undergo what I called disjunctive feature impoverishment, which would be conditioned by the presence of an interrogative feature. A-not-A questions would bear an uninterpretable interrogative feature in the S head, alongside the disjunctive feature. Such uninterpretable interrogative feature would enter in an agreement relation with an interpretable interrogative feature in the CP domain. As this agreement relation is sensible to minimality and cyclity - here implemented in terms of Multiple Spell-outs (Uriagereka 1999) - the island constraints showed by these structures are predicted. For V-not-VP questions in which only the first syllable is repeated, I propose two analyses: one where the repetition is the result of a reduplicative rule, and another one where the repetition is the result of phonotactic adaptation. I also present a prelimiary analysis for reduced tag questions in which there is no indentity between the initial clause and the final clause (e.g. "John played chess, right?"). Though still sketchy, this analysis allows us to capture a range of regularities of this kind of question structure

Verbal behavior: an expert counterpoint regarding testimony and its value in the criminal legal framework/criminal

 Este artigo trata das questões do valor da prova testemunhal sob o foco da análise do comportamento verbal em correspondência com os comportamentos verbal e não verbal, na busca de elementos suficientes para sua validação ou não no plano jurídico penal/criminal. O objetivo da pesquisa é procurar entender se existem tais elementos e que valor probatório lhes poderia ser atribuído do ponto de vista prático nas audiências e nos tribunais de júri, uma vez que as provas médico-periciais nem sempre atendem adequadamente a esta necessidade. Assim, o encontro de tais subsídios jurídicos tenderia a minimizar os erros porventura cometidos nestas esferas da Justiça, o que, por si só, já reflete a relevância do tema. Para tanto, nos valemos de uma análise qualitativa, com base em pesquisas literárias, dissertativas, descritivas e exploratórias. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos foram o Código de Processo Penal e, no plano autoral, Skinner. Ao final, alcançamos a conclusão de que, por tratar-se de comportamento verbal sujeito à influência de variáveis diversas, não identificáveis e cujos controladores não são facilmente perceptíveis, a prova testemunhal não possui nenhuma base de concretude que lhe possa impor confiabilidade, exceto quando outras variáveis – a exemplo de contradições e/ou de provas materiais concretas – sejam encontradas.This article deals with the issues regarding the value of oral testimony focusing on the analysis of verbal behavior corresponding to the verbal and nonverbal behavior, seeking elements that might or might not be sufficiently valid according to the criminal/legal criteria. The objective of the research is to seek if there are such elements and if their probative value would have weight from a practical point of view in hearings and jury trials, since the medical and forensic evidence does not always adequately fill this need. The aforementioned juridical subsidies would tend to minimize any mistakes that might be made in these areas of Justice, which as such reflects the relevance of the subject. To address this, we undertook a qualitative analysis, based on literary, dissertative, descriptive and exploratory research. Our main theoretical references were the Criminal Procedure Code2 and, for the authorial reference base, Skinner3. We finally arrived at the conclusion that, because it is verbal behavior subject to the influence of several variables, which are not identifiable and whose controllers are not easily noticeable, the testimonial evidence has no concrete basis that could be considered reliable, except when other variables - such as contradictions and/or concrete physical evidence - are found

Equilíbrio proteico e velocidade de sedimentação das hematias no pênfigo foliáceo

O equilíbrio proteico do sangue corresponde à constância dos valores quantitativos das plasmo-proteínas

Pluralistic ignorance: Conceptual framework, antecedents and consequences

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present, in an integrated manner, the knowledge acquired about pluralistic ignorance in the fields of social psychology, sociology and business. Particularly, to identify the factors that work as antecedents of pluralistic ignorance, as well as its consequences, in various research contexts. Design/methodology/approach: This integrative study on pluralistic ignorance was conducted with the Proknow-C method, which allows the construction of knowledge through a structured process of search and identification of a bibliographic portfolio. Findings: The major results include the literature review and the identification of research networks such as Allport, O'Gorman, Shamir and Miller in the field social psychology and Harvey, Buckley and Halbesleben in organizations. A systemic analysis showed how pluralistic ignorance is formed, and clarified the difference between perceptual and inferential ignorance. The systemic analysis resulted in a model with seven social comparison errors that can be seen as antecedents of ignorance and a framework with its consequences, divided into three categories: people's attitude, people's behavior and organizational capabilities. Research limitations/implications: As with every research review, identification and review of the literature depend on the authors' world view. One of the difficulties in researching pluralistic ignorance is that it is studied in different areas of knowledge and from different perspectives. Originality/value: The knowledge acquired throughout more than eight decades of research on pluralistic ignorance is fragmented into different perspectives. However, what was shown by the systemic analysis of the literature is that studies are more often geared toward psychosocial issues and it is still not very well known how the causes and consequences of pluralistic ignorance interact with the management processes in the organizational environment. This review presents a model for guiding the process of formation of pluralistic ignorance and a guiding framework for future research, as far as its consequences are concerned