11,010 research outputs found
k-core organization of complex networks
We analytically describe the architecture of randomly damaged uncorrelated
networks as a set of successively enclosed substructures -- k-cores. The k-core
is the largest subgraph where vertices have at least k interconnections. We
find the structure of k-cores, their sizes, and their birth points -- the
bootstrap percolation thresholds. We show that in networks with a finite mean
number z_2 of the second-nearest neighbors, the emergence of a k-core is a
hybrid phase transition. In contrast, if z_2 diverges, the networks contain an
infinite sequence of k-cores which are ultra-robust against random damage.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Controlling the uncontrolled: Are there incidental experimenter effects on physiologic responding?
The degree to which experimenters shape participant behavior has long been of interest in experimental social science research. Here, we extend this question to the domain of peripheral psychophysiology, where experimenters often have direct, physical contact with participants, yet researchers do not consistently test for their influence. We describe analytic tools for examining experimenter effects in peripheral physiology. Using these tools, we investigate nine data sets totaling 1,341 participants and 160 experimenters across different roles (e.g., lead research assistants, evaluators, confederates) to demonstrate how researchers can test for experimenter effects in participant autonomic nervous system activity during baseline recordings and reactivity to study tasks. Our results showed (a) little to no significant variance in participants' physiological reactivity due to their experimenters, and (b) little to no evidence that three characteristics of experimenters that are well known to shape interpersonal interactions-status (using five studies with 682 total participants), gender (using two studies with 359 total participants), and race (in two studies with 554 total participants)-influenced participants' physiology. We highlight several reasons that experimenter effects in physiological data are still cause for concern, including the fact that experimenters in these studies were already restricted on a number of characteristics (e.g., age, education). We present recommendations for examining and reducing experimenter effects in physiological data and discuss implications for replication
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Device Guided, Slow-Paced Respiration in Women with Overactive Bladder Syndrome.
PurposeWe evaluated the effects of device guided, slow-paced respiration on urgency associated urinary symptoms, perceived stress and anxiety, and autonomic function in women with overactive bladder syndrome.Materials and methodsWe performed a randomized, parallel group trial of slow-paced respiration to improve perceived stress and autonomic dysfunction as potential contributors to overactive bladder. Ambulatory women who reported at least 3 voiding or incontinence episodes per day associated with moderate to severe urgency were randomized to use a portable biofeedback device to practice daily, slow, guided breathing exercises or a control device which appeared identical and was reprogrammed to play music without guiding breathing. During 12 weeks we evaluated changes in urinary symptoms by voiding diaries, perceived stress and anxiety by validated questionnaires, and autonomic function by heart rate variability and impedance cardiography.ResultsIn the 161 randomized participants, including 79 randomized to paced respiration and 82 randomized to the control group, the average ± SD baseline frequency of voiding or incontinence associated with moderate to severe urgency was 6.9 ± 3.4 episodes per day. Compared to controls the participants randomized to paced respiration demonstrated greater improvement in perceived stress (average Perceived Stress Scale score decrease 2.8 vs 1.1, p=0.03) but not in autonomic function markers. During 12 weeks the average frequency of voiding or incontinence associated with moderate to severe urgency, which was the study primary outcome, decreased by a mean of 0.9 ± 3.2 episodes per day but no significant between group difference was detected.ConclusionsAmong women with overactive bladder slow-paced respiration was associated with a modest improvement in perceived stress during 12 weeks. However, it was not superior to a music listening control for reducing urinary symptoms or changing autonomic function
Bootstrap Percolation on Complex Networks
We consider bootstrap percolation on uncorrelated complex networks. We obtain
the phase diagram for this process with respect to two parameters: , the
fraction of vertices initially activated, and , the fraction of undamaged
vertices in the graph. We observe two transitions: the giant active component
appears continuously at a first threshold. There may also be a second,
discontinuous, hybrid transition at a higher threshold. Avalanches of
activations increase in size as this second critical point is approached,
finally diverging at this threshold. We describe the existence of a special
critical point at which this second transition first appears. In networks with
degree distributions whose second moment diverges (but whose first moment does
not), we find a qualitatively different behavior. In this case the giant active
component appears for any and , and the discontinuous transition is
absent. This means that the giant active component is robust to damage, and
also is very easily activated. We also formulate a generalized bootstrap
process in which each vertex can have an arbitrary threshold.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Things2People interaction toward energy savings in shared spaces Using BIM
People in shared building space have an important role in energy consumption because they can turn on/off equipment and heat/cooling systems. This behaviour can be influenced by giving then locally tailored context information (energy consumption, temperature, luminosity) and information about the cost of their actions. This paper presents an approach to create personalized local energy consumption predictions in a building using past sensor data, correlated with external conditions to create local context predictions. This prediction is sent in real-time to people’s mobile devices in order to influence their behaviour when increasing or decreasing temperature using heating or cooling systems. This information is essential for sustainability actions in shared spaces, where this information can have an important role. Also, the data (temperature) representation in the building information model (BIM) module can help the user understand environment conditions and, together with the user sharing their thermal feelings, can be used to change behaviour. This approach using BIM’s representation models allows Things2People interaction to improve energy savings in these shared spaces.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The interplay of university and industry through the FP5 network
To improve the quality of life in a modern society it is essential to reduce
the distance between basic research and applications, whose crucial roles in
shaping today's society prompt us to seek their understanding. Existing studies
on this subject, however, have neglected the network character of the
interaction between university and industry. Here we use state-of-the-art
network theory methods to analyze this interplay in the so-called Framework
Programme--an initiative which sets out the priorities for the European Union's
research and technological development. In particular we study in the 5th
Framework Programme (FP5) the role played by companies and scientific
institutions and how they contribute to enhance the relationship between
research and industry. Our approach provides quantitative evidence that while
firms are size hierarchically organized, universities and research
organizations keep the network from falling into pieces, paving the way for an
effective knowledge transfer.Comment: 21 pages (including Appendix), 8 figures. Published online at
http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/9/18
Low-field microwave absorption and magnetoresistance in iron nanostructures grown by electrodeposition on n-type lightly-doped silicon substrates
In this study we investigate magnetic properties, surface morphology and
crystal structure in iron nanoclusters electrodeposited on lightly-doped (100)
n-type silicon substrates. Our goal is to investigate the spin injection and
detection in the Fe/Si lateral structures. The samples obtained under electric
percolation were characterized by magnetoresistive and magnetic resonance
measurements with cycling the sweeping applied field in order to understand the
spin dynamics in the as-produced samples. The observed hysteresis in the
magnetic resonance spectra, plus the presence of a broad peak in the
non-saturated regime confirming the low field microwave absorption (LFMA), were
correlated to the peaks and slopes found in the magnetoresistance curves. The
results suggest long range spin injection and detection in low resistive
silicon and the magnetic resonance technique is herein introduced as a
promising tool for analysis of electric contactless magnetoresistive samples.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
k-core (bootstrap) percolation on complex networks: Critical phenomena and nonlocal effects
We develop the theory of the k-core (bootstrap) percolation on uncorrelated
random networks with arbitrary degree distributions. We show that the k-core
percolation is an unusual, hybrid phase transition with a jump emergence of the
k-core as at a first order phase transition but also with a critical
singularity as at a continuous transition. We describe the properties of the
k-core, explain the meaning of the order parameter for the k-core percolation,
and reveal the origin of the specific critical phenomena. We demonstrate that a
so-called ``corona'' of the k-core plays a crucial role (corona is a subset of
vertices in the k-core which have exactly k neighbors in the k-core). It turns
out that the k-core percolation threshold is at the same time the percolation
threshold of finite corona clusters. The mean separation of vertices in corona
clusters plays the role of the correlation length and diverges at the critical
point. We show that a random removal of even one vertex from the k-core may
result in the collapse of a vast region of the k-core around the removed
vertex. The mean size of this region diverges at the critical point. We find an
exact mapping of the k-core percolation to a model of cooperative relaxation.
This model undergoes critical relaxation with a divergent rate at some critical
moment.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
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