D7.3 Report on simulator test results and driver acceptance of PROSPECT functions

The process of developing new automotive systems includes various testing cycles to assure a save operation in traffic. Physical system testing on test tracks is very important for this purpose, but rather expensive and might only become possible in later stages of the development process. Using a virtual simulation environment offers a safe possibility of testing new systems in early stages of development. Aditionally, driver-in-the-loop tests at test track and in a virtual simulator make it possible to evaluate driver reaction and potential acceptance by the future users of those systems. Within PROSPECT the new functions are investigated under various aspects in several simulator studies and test track studies. This deliverable D7.3 gives detailed information of conduction and results of the each study. Three studies focus exclusively on the for Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) specifically dangerous urban intersection scenarios. The first of those studies examines the driver behaviour in a turning situation when a byciclist might be crossing. The described phenomena are looked-but-failed-to-see and failed-to-look. The second study, which provides an initial step in this line of research, analyzed the acceptance of issued forward collision warning times. The positioning of the potential accident opponent and the subjective feeling towards the criticality of the situation by the driver were key parameters taken into account. Last, but not least the acceptance of an intersection assist autonomous emergency braking systems was tested regarding the acceptance of potential buyers. The study was run for five days in a row for each participant to be able to judge the behaviour in a comuting situation. Two studies focused on longitudinal scenarios. Both studies followed the same design, but one was conducted on a test track and the other one in a simulator. The main objective was to investigate drivers reactions to FCW warnings and Active Steering interventions in critical VRU scenarios in case of a distraction of the driver. Additionally, the test track study was used to validate the results from the simulator study. The results of those studies are the basis for a wide acceptance evaluation of the systems. No system is an asset in increasing road safety if it is not accepted by the user and therefore turned off, if it is not required the system to be default on in consumer tests. Complemented by an additional acceptance study where the participants had to give their opinion of those systems after they watched videos of dangerous situations, the acceptance was analyzed based on questionnaires developed in PROSPECT and reported in Deliverable 7.2. This wholistic approach allows an expert discussion on the potentials of the PROSPECT functions in the future

Benefit and risk assessment of breastmilk for infant health in Norway: Opinion of the Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

Source at https://vkm.no/english/riskassessments/allpublications/benefitandriskassessmentofbreastmilkforinfanthealthinnorway.4.27ef9ca915e07938c3b2a6df.html.Breastmilk covers all the nutritional needs of the infant the first months of life, with the exception of vitamin D. In addition, breastmilk has a number of protective properties. However, as humans are exposed to polluting chemicals through food, air, water and skin contact, breastmilk also contains contaminants. Taking the present-day levels of contaminants in Norwegian breastmilk and the long duration of breastfeeding (12 months) in Norway into account, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety concludes that contaminants poses a low risk to Norwegian infants, and that the benefits of breastmilk to Norwegian infants clearly outweigh the risk presented by contaminants

Theatre Maker: A Role-playing Facilitator for Children

This paper presents the design of Theatre Maker, a tool for inspiring children between the ages of six to nine to role-play with the aim to help in the development of their social and empathy skills. The design process followed guidelines provided by the Child Computer Interaction field. The different methods used are described, as well as the encounters held with children for testing and co-designing Theatre Maker. Challenges that were present during the design process regarding the target users are analyzed, as are future considerations for further development of Theatre Maker, such as usability testing and refinements of the graphical user interface

Suboptimal Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Inadequate Iodine Intake among Lactating Women in Norway

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OcuClass - Enhance focus and learning through augmented reality

This paper describes some of the problems of the currentway of teaching and learning in regular classrooms. Themain issue this project aims to solve is the tendency forstudents to lose focus during class. The time during which astudent can manage to stay focused without a break is oneof the main factors that has to be considered in order toprovide an efficient and functional learning environment.Through the use of movement and a teaching methodinspired by museum visits, we are introducing a newteaching tool for the classroom of the future: OcuClass.OcuClass aims to increase the attention level of studentsduring class through a more immersive experience and byphysically moving between the different information. Theteachers guide students through a dynamic and engagingtour in order to improve their learning experience

Er inntaket av jod i befolkningen tilstrekkelig?

BAKGRUNN: Nasjonalt råd for ernæring konkluderte i 2016 med at utilstrekkelig jodinntak er utbredt i deler av den norske befolkningen og at effektive tiltak burde iverksettes umiddelbart. Formålet med denne litteraturgjennomgangen er å oppsummere artikler publisert etter januar 2016 som beskriver jodinntaket i Norge. KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG: Litteratursøk ble gjort i PubMed og Embase. Totalt 13 artikler der man rapporterte inntak av jod fra kosten eller jodkonsentrasjon i urin, ble inkludert. RESULTATER: De nye studiene bekrefter at utilstrekkelig jodinntak er utbredt blant kvinner i fertil alder, gravide, ammende, spedbarn som fullammes, eldre, veganere og innvandrere. Det er få jodkilder i kosten, og personer som utelater eller har lavt inntak av melk og mager fisk er spesielt utsatt. FORTOLKNING: Utilstrekkelig jodinntak er spesielt bekymringsfullt hos kvinner i fertil alder. Helsepersonell bør kjenne til dette og eventuelt anbefale jodrike matvarer eller jodtilskudd til disse og andre utsatte grupper

Er inntaket av jod i befolkningen tilstrekkelig?

BAKGRUNN: Nasjonalt råd for ernæring konkluderte i 2016 med at utilstrekkelig jodinntak er utbredt i deler av den norske befolkningen og at effektive tiltak burde iverksettes umiddelbart. Formålet med denne litteraturgjennomgangen er å oppsummere artikler publisert etter januar 2016 som beskriver jodinntaket i Norge. KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG: Litteratursøk ble gjort i PubMed og Embase. Totalt 13 artikler der man rapporterte inntak av jod fra kosten eller jodkonsentrasjon i urin, ble inkludert. RESULTATER: De nye studiene bekrefter at utilstrekkelig jodinntak er utbredt blant kvinner i fertil alder, gravide, ammende, spedbarn som fullammes, eldre, veganere og innvandrere. Det er få jodkilder i kosten, og personer som utelater eller har lavt inntak av melk og mager fisk er spesielt utsatt. FORTOLKNING: Utilstrekkelig jodinntak er spesielt bekymringsfullt hos kvinner i fertil alder. Helsepersonell bør kjenne til dette og eventuelt anbefale jodrike matvarer eller jodtilskudd til disse og andre utsatte grupper

Benefit and risk assessment of breastmilk for infant health in Norway

The present benefit and risk assessment of breastmilk and contaminants in breastmilk was initiated by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). The overall objective is to provide a balanced assessment of the benefits of breastmilk against the possible risks from exposure to contaminants in breastmilk with focus on Norwegian conditions. The aim is to contribute to a foundation for decision-makers when providing recommendations on the length of exclusive and partial breastfeeding. The composition of breastmilk is tailored for the needs of the newborn. Provided that the nutritional needs of the mother are met during pregnancy and breastfeeding, breastmilk covers all the nutritional requirements of the infant the first months of life, with the exception of vitamin D. Breastmilk also contains a number of specialised components, including growth factors, factors with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and selected immunological components whichboost the maturation of the infant’s immune system. Infant formula fulfils the infant’s established nutritional needs, but does not provide the specific protective factors which are present only in breastmilk. However, studies over the last four decades have shown that polluting chemicals have accumulated in the environment, biomagnified in the food chain, are in our bodies, and consequently in breastmilk. The levels of lipid-soluble persistent contaminants in the foetus, the newborn child and in breastmilk largely reflect the amount of these in the mother’s body. Thus, breastmilk contains nutrients and protective immunological factors which have a positive effect on infant health, but may also contain contaminants. Particularly lipid-soluble and persistent contaminants accumulate in the infant during breastfeeding. This has contributed to a debate among experts agreeing that breastfeeding is beneficial, but discussing the advisable length of breastfeeding

Language delay and poorer school performance in children of mothers with inadequate iodine intake in pregnancy: results from follow-up at 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Purpose Some studies indicate that mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women might negatively affect offspring neurocognitive development, including previous results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) exploring maternally reported child development at age 3 years. The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether maternal iodine intake in pregnancy is associated with language and learning at 8 years of age. Methods The study sample includes 39,471 mother–child pairs participating in MoBa with available information from a validated food frequency questionnaire covering the first half of pregnancy and a questionnaire on child neurocognitive development at 8 years. Multivariable regression was used to explore associations of iodine intake from food and supplements with maternally reported child outcomes. Results Maternal iodine intake from food less than ~ 150 µg/day was associated with poorer child language skills (p-overall = 0.013), reading skills (p-overall = 0.019), and writing skills (p-overall = 0.004) as well as poorer school test result in reading (p < 0.001), and increased likelihood of the child receiving special educational services (p-overall = 0.042) (in noniodine supplement users). Although significant, differences were generally small. Maternal use of iodine supplements in pregnancy was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. Conclusions Low habitual iodine intake in pregnant women, i.e., lower than the recommended intake for non-pregnant women, was associated with mothers reporting poorer child language, school performance, and increased likelihood of special educational services. We found no indications of benefits or harm of using iodine-containing supplements in pregnancy. Initiating use in pregnancy might be too late

Language delay and poorer school performance in children of mothers with inadequate iodine intake in pregnancy: results from follow-up at 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Purpose Some studies indicate that mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women might negatively affect offspring neurocognitive development, including previous results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) exploring maternally reported child development at age 3 years. The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether maternal iodine intake in pregnancy is associated with language and learning at 8 years of age. Methods The study sample includes 39,471 mother–child pairs participating in MoBa with available information from a validated food frequency questionnaire covering the first half of pregnancy and a questionnaire on child neurocognitive development at 8 years. Multivariable regression was used to explore associations of iodine intake from food and supplements with maternally reported child outcomes. Results Maternal iodine intake from food less than ~ 150 µg/day was associated with poorer child language skills (p-overall = 0.013), reading skills (p-overall = 0.019), and writing skills (p-overall = 0.004) as well as poorer school test result in reading (p < 0.001), and increased likelihood of the child receiving special educational services (p-overall = 0.042) (in noniodine supplement users). Although significant, differences were generally small. Maternal use of iodine supplements in pregnancy was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. Conclusions Low habitual iodine intake in pregnant women, i.e., lower than the recommended intake for non-pregnant women, was associated with mothers reporting poorer child language, school performance, and increased likelihood of special educational services. We found no indications of benefits or harm of using iodine-containing supplements in pregnancy. Initiating use in pregnancy might be too late