Viabilidade do emprego de ácido fluorídrico 10% para a remoção de íons paramagnéticos em amostras de solos e suas respectivas frações físicas

A utilização de efluentes de esgoto tratado na irrigação, ao invés de realizar a disposição deste subproduto nos cursos d'água tem sido uma alternativa antiga, popular e atrativa, com triplo propósito: tratamento complementar do efluente, fonte de água e de nutrientes ao sistema solo-planta. Entretanto, no Brasil, há falta de tradição na reciclagem de águas residuárias, particularmente, do efluente de esgoto tratado e, conseqüentemente, poucos têm sido as pesquisas relacionadas a este tema. Com a finalidade de fornecer mais informações para subsidiar as pesquisas nesta área, este trabalho visa avaliar, por meio de técnicas químicas e espectroscopias, o processo de humificação na matéria orgânica dos solos irrigados com efluente de esgoto tratado em experimentos de campo. Os cinco tratamentos estudados foram: TSI (controle) - irrigado com água potável e adição de nitrogênio via fertilizante mineral, T100, T125, T150 e T200 irrigado com efluente de esgoto tratado e adição de nitrogênio via fertilizante mineral. Os resultados obtidos mostram variações no teor de carbono e no grau de humificação, para os solos irrigados com efluente de esgoto tratado, decorrentes do aumento da atividade de decomposição da matéria orgânica, estimulada pelo aumento de água no solo.Treated sewage effluent utilization for irrigation represents an antique, popular and attractive alternative to the common disposal of effluent to watercourses and includes three main purposes: effluent complementary treatment, water and nutrient source to the soil-plant system. However, because in Brazil no experiences in wastewater recycling exists consequently few scientific studies were carried out despite the importance of the subject. The present study aimed to evaluate by chemical and spectroscopy techniques the soil organic matter from soils irrigated with treated sewage effluent. Five treatments were evaluated: TSI (control) irrigation with potable water and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer; T100, T125, T150 and T200 - irrigation with treated sewage sludge effluent and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer. The results obtained shown changes in the carbon contend and humification degree for the soils irrigated with treated sewage sludge effluent due to the increase activity of the decomposition of organic matter, stimulated by the increase of water in the soil.FAPESPCNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Caracterização química e espectroscópica de solos irrigados com efluente de esgoto tratado

A utilização de efluentes de esgoto tratado na irrigação, ao invés de realizar a disposição deste subproduto nos cursos d'água tem sido uma alternativa antiga, popular e atrativa, com triplo propósito: tratamento complementar do efluente, fonte de água e de nutrientes ao sistema solo-planta. Entretanto, no Brasil, a reciclagem de águas residuárias, particularmente, do efluente de esgoto tratado, não é uma prática comum e, conseqüentemente, trabalhos científicos relacionados a este tema são incipientes. Com a finalidade de fornecer mais informações para subsidiar as pesquisas nesta área, este trabalho visa avaliar, por meio de técnicas química e espectroscópica, o processo de humificação na matéria orgânica dos solos irrigados com efluente de esgoto tratado em experimentos de campo. Os cinco tratamentos estudados foram: TSI (controle) - irrigado com água potável e adição de nitrogênio via fertilizante mineral, T100, T125, T150 e T200 irrigado com efluente de esgoto tratado e adição de nitrogênio via fertilizante mineral. Os resultados obtidos mostram variações no teor de carbono e no grau de humificação, para os solos irrigados com efluente de esgoto tratado, decorrentes do aumento da atividade de decomposição da matéria orgânica, estimulada pelo aumento da quantidade de água no solo.FAPESPCNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Not available

O presente trabalho realizado nos anos de 1965 a 1967, tem a finalidade de contribuir para o conhecimento da gênese de determinados solos tropicais e para elucidar certos aspectos relacionados com o intemperismo, principalmente químico, de rochas magmáticas. A análise da decomposição meteórica limitou-se ao estudo de granitos e diabásios que, além de serem rochas bastante comuns na litosfera, possuem comportamento geoquímico análogo e de interpretação relativamente simples. A região de Campinas foi escolhida para a realização de tal estudo, pois os fatores de intemperismo e formadores de solo poderão aí ser bem documentados, principalmente os climáticos, os geológicos e os geomorfológicos, além do fato de ser possível nesta região a obtenção de bons perfis de alteração.Not availabl

Not available

O presente trabalho realizado nos anos de 1965 a 1967, tem a finalidade de contribuir para o conhecimento da gênese de determinados solos tropicais e para elucidar certos aspectos relacionados com o intemperismo, principalmente químico, de rochas magmáticas. A análise da decomposição meteórica limitou-se ao estudo de granitos e diabásios que, além de serem rochas bastante comuns na litosfera, possuem comportamento geoquímico análogo e de interpretação relativamente simples. A região de Campinas foi escolhida para a realização de tal estudo, pois os fatores de intemperismo e formadores de solo poderão aí ser bem documentados, principalmente os climáticos, os geológicos e os geomorfológicos, além do fato de ser possível nesta região a obtenção de bons perfis de alteração.Not availabl

Efeitos termais associados aos diabásios mesozóicos da bacia do Paraná

This paper deals with hornfelses produced by sills and dikes related to the basaltic activity of the Paraná Basin. The studied samples come from the Paulínia, Assistência, Taguaí and Itapeva regions, in the State of São Paulo. In Itapeva, the temperature attained during the recrystallization is estimated at about 740-820º C, corresponding to 500-1000 PH2O- The mineralogical paragenesis of the remaing group of hornfelses provides informations only about the minimum temperatures of recrystallization. From chemical and mineralojpcal analyses, some inferences were made about the nature of the parent rocks, particularly in the Paulínia occurrence. All the studied hornfelses have small contact aureoles, consisting of fine-grained rocks which show no grain size decrease with increasing distance from the contact. These features are analysed and discussed.Foram estudados no presente trabalho efeitos termais provocados por intrusões de sills e diques de diabásio, relacionados ao magmatismo basáltico da bacia do Paraná, nas regiões de Paulínia, Assistência, Taguaí e Itapeva, SP. As associações mineralógicas observadas permitiram inferências tâo somente quanto às temperaturas mínimas de recristalização, à exceção de Itapeva onde a paragênese observada permitiu estimar o clímax do evento termal em cerca de 740-820ºC, correspondente a 500-1000 bars de PH2O. Análises químicas e mineralógicas dos hornfels formados permitiram ressaltar aspectos relativos às rochas originais, particularmente no caso de Paulínia, onde se comparou o hornfels a vários sedimentos argilosos do Grupo Tubarão. Todos os hornfels estudados têm pequenas auréolas de contato, formadas de rochas de granulação fina, que não exibem diminuição da granulação com o aumento de distância do contato. Essas feições são analisadas e discutidas

Biogeochemistry of an Amazonian podzol-ferralsol soil system with white kaolin

International audienceThe podzol-ferralsol soil systems, which cover great areas of Amazonia and other equatorial regions, are frequently associated with kaolin deposits and store and ex-port large amounts of carbon. Although natural organic mat-ter (NOM) plays a key role in their dynamics, little is known about their biogeochemistry. In order to assess the specific role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on NOM storage in deep horizons and to determine possible relationships be-tween kaolin formation and DOM properties, we studied the groundwater composition of a typical podzol-ferralsol soil catena from the Alto Rio Negro region, Brazil. Groundwater was sampled using tension-free lysimeters placed according to soil morphology. DOC, E H , pH, and dis-solved Si, Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Fe 3+ were analyzed for all sam-ples and values are given in a database. Quantification of other dissolved ions, small carboxylic acids and SUVA 254 index and acid-base microtitration was achieved on selected samples. Part of the DOM produced by the hydromorphic podzols is directly exported to the blackwater streams; another part percolates at greater depth, and more than 90 % of it adsorbs in the Bh-Bhs horizons, allowing carbon storage at depth. Humic substances are preferentially adsorbed with regard to small carboxylic compounds. With regard to kaolin genesis, kaolinite precipitation is fa-vored by Al release from NOM mineralization within the Bh-Bhs and kaolin bleaching is ensured by iron reduction due to acidity and relatively low E H . Fe 2+ mobility can be related to small E H variations and enhanced by the significant con-centration of small carboxylic acids. The long-term result of these processes is the thickening of the kaolin, and it can be inferred that kaolin is likely to occur where active, giant pod-zols are close to a slope gradient sufficient enough to lower the deep water table

Deciphering the weathering processes using environmental mineralogy and geochemistry: Towards an integrated model of laterite and podzol genesis in the Upper Amazon Basin

This article reports major results from collaborative research between France and Brazil on soil and water systems, carried out in the Upper Amazon Basin. It reveals the weathering processes acting in the partly inundated, low elevation plateaus of the Basin, mostly covered by evergreen forest. Our findings are based on geochemical data and mineral spectroscopy that probe the crystal chemistry of Fe and Al in mineral phases (mainly kaolinite, Al- and Fe-(hydr)oxides) of tropical soils (laterites). These techniques reveal crystal alterations in mineral populations of different ages and changes of metal speciation associated with mineral or organic phases. These results provide an integrated model of soil formation and changes (from laterites to podzols) in distinct hydrological compartments of the Amazon landscapes and under altered water regimes. (C) 2010 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.IRD-USP DYLATPRONEXFAPESPINSU-ECCOCAPES-COFECU

Sodicity and salinity in a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane irrigated with wastewater

Changes in soil sodicity-salinity parameters are one of the most characteristic alterations after treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation in agro-systems. Considering the importance of these parameters for agricultural management, as well as the economical value of sugarcane for Brazil, the present study aimed at evaluating effects on soil sodicity and salinity under tropical conditions over 16 months of TSE irrigation in a sugarcane plantation at Lins, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samplings were carried out in February 2005 (before planting), December 2005 (after 8 months of TSE irrigation) and September 2006 (after 16 months of TSE irrigation) following a complete block design with four treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of. (i) control, without TSE irrigation; (ii) T100, T150 and T200, with TSE irrigation supplying 100% (0% surplus, total of 2524 mm), 150% (50% surplus, total of 3832 mm) and 200% (100% surplus, total of 5092 mm) of crop water demand, respectively. Compared to initial soil conditions, at the end of the experiment increases of exchangeable sodium (from 2.4 to 5.9 mmol(c) kg(-1)), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (from 8 to 18%), soluble Na (from 1.4 to 4.7 mmol L(-1)) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution (from 3.6 to 12.6 (mmol were found in the soil profile (0-100 cm) as an average for the irrigated plots due to high SAR of TSE. Associated with the increments were mostly significant increases in clay dispersion rates at depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution increased during the TSE irrigation period whereas at the end of the experiment, after short term discontinuation of irrigation and harvest, EC in the topsoil (0-10 and 10-20 cm) decreased compared to the previous samplings. Moreover, despite increasing sodicity over time mainly insignificant differences within the different irrigated treatments were found in December 2005 and September 2006. This suggests that independent of varying irrigation amounts the increasing soil sodicity over time were rather caused by the continuous use of TSE than by its quantity applied. Moreover, also plant productivity showed no significant differences within the TSE irrigated plots. The study indicates that monitoring as well as remediation of soil after TSE irrigation is required for a sustainable TSE use in order to maintain agricultural quality parameters. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)SABES

Carbon and nitrogen cycling in a tropical Brazilian soil cropped with sugarcane and irrigated with wastewater

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in agro-systems can be altered as a consequence of treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation. The present study evaluated the effects of TSE irrigation over 16 months on N concentrations in sugarcane (leaves, stalks and juice), total soil carbon (TC), total soil nitrogen (TN), NO(3)(-)-N in soil and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution. The soil was classified as an Oxisol and samplings were carried out during the first productive crop cycle, from February 2005 (before planting) to September 2006 (after sugarcane harvest and 16 months of TSE irrigation). The experiment was arranged in a complete block design with five treatments and four replicates. Irrigated plots received 50% of the recommended mineral N fertilization and 100% (T100), 125% (T125), 150% (T150) and 200% (T200) of crop water demand. No mineral N and irrigation were applied to the control plots. TSE irrigation enhanced sugarcane yield but resulted in total-N inputs(804-1622 kg N ha(-1)) greater than exported N (463-597 kg N ha(-1)). Hence, throughout the irrigation period, high NO(3)(-) concentrations (up to 388 mg L(-1) at T200) and DOC (up to 142 mg L(-1) at T100) were measured in soil solution below the root zone, indicating the potential of groundwater contamination. TSE irrigation did not change soil TC and TN. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FAPESPCNPqSABES