Lentinus crinitus basidiocarp stipe and pileus: chemical composition, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity

Lentinus crinitus is a wild fungus, which produces mushrooms consumed by some Amazonian Indians. Besides, it is recognized for its diverse biological activities and biotechnological applications. However, there are few reports with limited information on basidiocarp chemical composition and cytotoxicity. Our study determined and evaluated the chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of L. crinitus pileus and stipe separately. Chromatographic methods were used to evaluate basidiocarp chemical composition. Cytotoxicity was verified using a cell culture from porcine liver and against a panel of human tumor cells from different models. Antioxidant activity was assessed by different in vitro methods. The pileus had higher levels of protein, ash, tocopherols, and organic acids, mainly malic acid, than the stipe. The stipe revealed higher contents of carbohydrates, energy, soluble sugars, and phenolic acids, mostly p-hydroxybenzoic acid. L. crinitus basidiocarp has mainly trehalose as soluble sugar, and less than 1% fat being ~60% polyunsaturated fatty acids (mostly linoleic and oleic acids), and ~13% saturated fatty acids (mostly palmitic acid). L. crinitus revealed high antioxidant activity for most methods and no cytotoxic activity against tumor and non-tumor cells. L. crinitus basidiocarp can be considered a functional food with applicability in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]This research was supported by Universidade Paranaense, UniCesumar, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—finance code 001—, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Fundação Araucária. The authors are also grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); to the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A model for drug dispensing service based on the care process in the Brazilian health system

Access to medication emphasizes the availability of the product at the expense of providing a service. The goal of this paper is to propose a theoretical model for a drug dispensing service, beginning with a reflection on the current realities of the Unified Health System and drug dispensation in Brazil. A conceptual analytical research made by a methodological course called disciplined imagination was mainly the approach applied to develop the model. The drug dispensing service is part of the care process, which considers access as an attribute; reception, connection and accountability, management, and clinical pharmaceutical aspects as components; and the rational use of drugs as the purpose. The proposed model addresses access to the dispensing service and demands a reorientation of routines, instruments, and practices.O acesso a medicamentos enfatiza a disponibilidade do produto em detrimento da provisão de um serviço. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um modelo teórico para um serviço de dispensação de medicamentos, iniciando com uma reflexão sobre a realidade atual do Sistema Único de Saúde e a dispensação de medicamentos no Brasil. Uma pesquisa analítica conceitual realizada por meio de um percurso metodológico chamado de imaginação disciplinada constituiu a estratégia principal para o desenvolvimento do modelo. O serviço de dispensação é parte do processo de cuidado, o qual considera o acesso como um atributo; os aspectos acolhimento, vínculo e responsabilização, gestão e clínica farmacêutica como componentes e o uso racional de medicamentos como o propósito. O modelo proposto direciona o acesso para o serviço de dispensação e demanda a reorientação de rotinas, instrumentos e práticas

Boiling Points Of Short-chain Partial Acylglycerols And Tocopherols At Low Pressures By The Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique

Boiling points of monocaprylin, monocaprin, dicaprylin, and dicaprin were measured at low pressures (1.0 kPa up to 13.2 kPa) using a differential scanning calorimetry technique and correlated by empirical equations (Clapeyron and Antoine). Parameters of the Design Institute for Physical Property Research (DIPPR) equations were also regressed considering calculated values of normal boiling points and critical points using the Marrero and Gani method. Heats of vaporization were estimated using the Clausius-Clapeyron relation with the inclusion of a correction term to account for deviations at higher pressures. Boiling points of α-, -, δ-, and γ-tocopherol were measured at 1.1 kPa. A DIPPR equation was also proposed for estimating the vapor pressure of this class of compounds, and an equation for predicting heat of vaporization was derived. Data presented in this work can be valuable for process design in the edible oil industry and for development of biodiesel purification steps. © 2014 American Chemical Society.59515151520Ceriani, R., Gani, R., Liu, Y.A., Prediction of vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of edible oil/fat compounds by group contribution (2013) Fluid Phase Equilib., 337, pp. 53-59Díaz-Tovar, C., Gani, R., Sarup, B., Lipid technology: Property prediction and process design/analysis in the edible oil and biodiesel industries (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib., 302, pp. 284-293Belting, P.C., Rarey, J., Gmehling, J., Ceriani, R., Chiavone-Filho, O., Meirelles, A.J.A., Activity coefficient at infinite dilution measurements for organic solutes (polar and non-polar) in fatty compounds Part II: C18 Fatty Acids (2013) J. Chem. 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Reflexos da interação genótipo X ambiente e suas implicações nos ganhos de seleção em genótipos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Reflexes of the interaction genotype X environment and their implications in the gains of selection in genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

A importância das leguminosas de grãos na alimentação humana, principalmente do feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris), tem estimulado os melhoristas a selecionar genótipos com alto potencial de rendimento de grãos e com adaptabilidade às diferentes condições de cultivo do sul do Brasil. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os reflexos da interação genótipo x ambiente e suas implicações nos ganhos genéticos com diferentes critérios de seleção. Os resultados revelaram que o componente da interação genótipo x ambiente superestima a predição dos parâmetros genéticos, como por exemplo a variância genética e a herdabilidade. As diferenças observadas entre estas estimativas parecem ocorrer devido à alta percentagem da parte complexa da interação. Além disto, os ganhos genéticos obtidos com a seleção direta foram sempre superiores à resposta indireta. Comparativamente, o par de ambientes 1x3 revelou uma resposta correlacionada inferior e de sinal contrário às demais estimativas para os outros pares de ambientes estudados neste trabalho. O primeiro ambiente foi o que mais acumulou a interação genótipo x ambiente. Portanto, pode ser concluído que o componente da interação tem grande relevância nas estimativas dos ganhos genéticos, evidenciando que essa influência deva ser considerada na seleção e na recomendação de genótipos específicos nos programas de melhoramento genético da cultura do feijoeiro.<br>The importance of grains of legume plants for human feeding, specially black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), has stimulated the breeders to select genotypes with high grains yield potential and wide adaptability to different conditions of cultivation in southern Brazil. The present work aimed at evaluating the reflexes of the genotype x environment interaction and its implications in the genetic gains of different selection approaches. The results revealed that the component of the interaction between genotype and environment overestimates the prediction of genetic parameters such as genetic variance and heritability. Differences among these estimates were observed apparently due to a high percentage of the complex part of the interaction. Besides, the genetic gains obtained with the direct selection were always superior to the indirect response. Comparatively, the pair of environments 1x3 revealed correlated response inferior and of opposite sign to the other estimates for the other pairs of environments studied. The first environment was the one which accumulated the higher interaction genotype by environment. It can be concluded that the interaction component has great relevance in the estimates of genetic gains, evidencing that this influence should be considered in the selection and in the recommendation of specific genotypes of bean breeding programs

Parâmetros genéticos do rendimento de grãos e seus componentes com implicações na seleção indireta em genótipos de feijão preto Genetic parameters of grain yield and its components with implications in the indirect selection of black bean genotypes

Trinta e dois genótipos de feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foram avaliados a campo, no ano agrícola de 1996/97 em Lages/SC. Foi medida a influência de três caracteres de importância agronômica sobre o rendimento de grãos por unidade de área. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. A seleção direta revelou valores de ganhos genéticos superiores aos obtidos através da seleção indireta. O componente do rendimento de grãos que mais contribuiu para o progresso genético, via seleção indireta, foi o peso de mil grãos (PMG), em relação aos componentes, número de legumes por planta (NLP) e o número de grãos por legume (NGL). Os resultados encontrados revelam que os genótipos de feijão preto testados possuem ampla variabilidade genética, indicando serem excelentes fontes de germoplasma. Sendo assim, o emprego das estimativas de parâmetros genéticos como variância genética, entre linhas puras e o coeficiente de herdabilidade no sentido amplo, poderão auxiliar na seleção destes caracteres, constituindo-se numa poderosa ferramenta para os melhoristas de feijão.<br>Thirty two genotypes of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) had their field performance evaluated in the agricultural year of 1996/97 in Lages/SC. The influences of three characters of agronomic importance on the production of grains for unit per area were scored. A completely randomized block design was used with four replications. The objective of the study was to estimate some genetic and phenotypic parameters of black bean. The direct selection revealed values of genetic gains superior to the ones obtained through indirect selection. The weight of a thousand grain (PMG) contributed to genetic progress through indirect selection than, the number of pods per plant (NLP) and the number of grains per pod (NGL). The results demonstrated that the tested black bean genotypes had a wide genetic variability, which was an indication of excellent germplas sources. The employment of estimates of genetic parameters such as genetic variance between pure lines and the heritability coefficient may be used as a powerful tool for bean breeder