367 research outputs found
The Impact of New EUV Diagnostics on CME-Related Kinematics
We present the application of novel diagnostics to the spectroscopic
observation of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on disk by the Extreme Ultraviolet
Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft. We apply a recently
developed line profile asymmetry analysis to the spectroscopic observation of
NOAA AR 10930 on 14-15 December 2006 to three raster observations before and
during the eruption of a 1000km/s CME. We see the impact that the observer's
line-of-sight and magnetic field geometry have on the diagnostics used.
Further, and more importantly, we identify the on-disk signature of a
high-speed outflow behind the CME in the dimming region arising as a result of
the eruption. Supported by recent coronal observations of the STEREO
spacecraft, we speculate about the momentum flux resulting from this outflow as
a secondary momentum source to the CME. The results presented highlight the
importance of spectroscopic measurements in relation to CME kinematics, and the
need for full-disk synoptic spectroscopic observations of the coronal and
chromospheric plasmas to capture the signature of such explosive energy release
as a way of providing better constraints of CME propagation times to L1, or any
other point of interest in the heliosphere.Comment: Accepted to appear in Solar Physics Topical Issue titled "Remote
Sensing of the Inner Heliosphere". Manuscript has 14 pages, 5 color figures.
Movies supporting the figures can be found in
http://download.hao.ucar.edu/pub/mscott/papers/Weathe
Isolation in mice and embryonated hen's eggs of a virus associated with vaginitis of cattle
From infected material obtained from various herds virus has been isolated
in several instances in developing hen's eggs, and in one instance also in mice.
The strain which could be propagated in both mice and eggs was taken
25 generations by intracerebral passage in mice. In early passages day-old mice
were used but later passage was continued in adult mice. In these, mortality
occurred regularly after three to four days. Gradocol membrane filtration indicated
that the particle diameter was Jess than 100 mµ.
In developing hen's eggs this strain was propagated for twelve generations
by chorio-allantoic membrane passage. Definite lesions on the membrane were
observed and occasional embryos died. Subsequent passages were made by the
injection of infected embryo material into the yolk sac. In this way the virus
was readily maintained a further ten generations, at which stage it regularly killed all embryos.
Cows and heifers infected with material from both the mouse and egg
propagated lines of this strain showed definite, though mild, symptoms of
vaginitis.
The possibility of various forms of vaginitis occurring in bovines as well as
the relation of this virus to these conditions is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
A microsatellite marker for yellow rust resistance in wheat
Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify molecular markers associated with yellow rust disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). DNAs isolated from the selected yellow rust tolerant and susceptible F-2 individuals derived from a cross between yellow rust resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes were used to established a "tolerant" and a "susceptible" DNA pool. The BSA was then performed on these DNA pools using 230 markers that were previously mapped onto the individual wheat chromosomes. One of the SSR markers (Xgwm382) located on chromosome group 2 (A, B, D genomes) was present in the resistant parent and the resistant bulk but not in the susceptible parent and the susceptible bulk, suggesting that this marker is linked to a yellow rust resistance gene. The presence of Xgwm382 was also tested in 108 additional wheat genotypes differing in yellow rust resistance. This analysis showed that 81% of the wheat genotypes known to be yellow rust resistant had the Xgwm382 marker, further suggesting that the presence of this marker correlates with yellow rust resistance in diverse wheat germplasm. Therefore, Xgwm382 could be useful for marker assisted selection of yellow rust resistances genotypes in wheat breeding programs
New Black Hole Solutions in Brans-Dicke Theory of Gravity
Existence check of non-trivial, stationary axisymmetric black hole solutions
in Brans-Dicke theory of gravity in different direction from those of Penrose,
Thorne and Dykla, and Hawking is performed. Namely, working directly with the
known explicit spacetime solutions in Brans-Dicke theory, it is found that
non-trivial Kerr-Newman-type black hole solutions different from general
relativistic solutions could occur for the generic Brans-Dicke parameter values
-5/2\leq \omega <-3/2. Finally, issues like whether these new black holes carry
scalar hair and can really arise in nature and if they can, what the associated
physical implications would be are discussed carefully.Comment: 20 pages, no figure, Revtex, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Updated guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat
The last decade has seen a proliferation in genomic resources for wheat, including reference- and pan-genome assemblies with gene annotations, which provide new opportunities to detect, characterise, and describe genes that influence traits of interest. The expansion of genetic information has supported growth of the wheat research community and catalysed strong interest in the genes that control agronomically important traits, such as yield, pathogen resistance, grain quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. To accommodate these developments, we present an updated set of guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat. These guidelines can be used to describe loci identified based on morphological or phenotypic features or to name genes based on sequence information, such as similarity to genes characterised in other species or the biochemical properties of the encoded protein. The updated guidelines provide a flexible system that is not overly prescriptive but provides structure and a common framework for naming genes in wheat, which may be extended to related cereal species. We propose these guidelines be used henceforth by the wheat research community to facilitate integration of data from independent studies and allow broader and more efficient use of text and data mining approaches, which will ultimately help further accelerate wheat research and breeding.EEA PergaminoFil: Boden, S. A. University of Adelaide. Waite Research Institute. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; AustraliaFil: McIntosh, R .A. University of Sydney. School of Life and Environmental Sciences. Plant Breeding Institute; AustraliaFil: Uauy, C. Norwich Research Park. John Innes Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Krattinger, S. G. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division. Plant Science Program; Arabia SauditaFil: Krattinger, S. G. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFil: Dubcovsky, J. University of California. Department of Plant Science; Estados UnidosFil: Dubcovsky, J. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFil: Rogers, W.J. Universidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía (CIISAS, CIC-BIOLAB AZUL, CONICET-INBIOTEC, CRESCA). Departamento de Biología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Rogers, W.J. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFIL: Xia, X. C. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. National Wheat Improvement Centre. Institute of Crop Science; ChinaFil: Badaeva, E. D. Russian Academy of Sciences. N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; RusiaFil: Bentley, A. R. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); MéxicoFil: Bentley, A. R. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFil: Brown-Guedira, G. North Carolina State University. USDA-ARS Plant Science Research; Estados UnidosFil: Brown-Guedira, G. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFil: González, Fernanda G. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Ecofisiología; ArgentinaFil: González, Fernanda G. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA, CONICET-UNNOBA-UNSADA); ArgentinaFil: González, Fernanda G. The Wheat Initiative; AlemaniaFil: Zhang, Y. Fudan University. School of Life Sciences. Institute of Plant Biology. Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Chin
Observations of Coronal Mass Ejections with the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter
The Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP) measures not only the
polarization of coronal emission, but also the full radiance profiles of
coronal emission lines. For the first time, CoMP observations provide
high-cadence image sequences of the coronal line intensity, Doppler shift and
line width simultaneously in a large field of view. By studying the Doppler
shift and line width we may explore more of the physical processes of CME
initiation and propagation. Here we identify a list of CMEs observed by CoMP
and present the first results of these observations. Our preliminary analysis
shows that CMEs are usually associated with greatly increased Doppler shift and
enhanced line width. These new observations provide not only valuable
information to constrain CME models and probe various processes during the
initial propagation of CMEs in the low corona, but also offer a possible
cost-effective and low-risk means of space weather monitoring.Comment: 6 figures. Will appear in the special issue of Coronal Magnetism,
Sol. Phy
Molecular characterization of slow leaf-rusting resistance in wheat
Slow leaf-rusting resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is gaining acceptance as a breeding objective because of its durability in comparison with race-specific resistance. CI 13227 was previously reported to provide the highest level of slow leaf-rusting resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize the slow leaf-rusting resistance conferred by CI 13227 using molecular markers. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from CI 13227/Suwon 92 was evaluated for final severity (FS), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), infection rate (IR), and infection duration (ID) of leaf rust. Four hundred fifty-nine amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 28 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were analyzed in the population. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL), designated as QLr.osu-2B and QLr.osu-7BL, were consistently associated with AUDPC, FS, and IR of leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (previously P. recondita Rob. Ex Desm. f. sp. tritici). The percentages of phenotypic variance explained by each QTL varied with experiments and traits, ranging from 13.4 to 18.8% for AUDPC, 12.5 to 20.8% for FS, and 12.9 to 16.1% for IR. The third QTL for leaf rust ID, designated as QLrid.osu-2DS, was located on chromo- some 2DS and explained 26.4 and 21.47% of the phenotypic variance in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Both the QTL and correlation analysis indicate reasonable progress in leaf-rusting resistance by selecting for final severity. SSR markers closely associated with QLr.osu-2B or QLr.osu-7BL have potential to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for durable leaf rust resistant cultivars.Peer reviewedPlant and Soil SciencesEntomology and Plant Patholog
On the structure and evolution of a polar crown prominence/filament system
Polar crown prominences are made of chromospheric plasma partially circling
the Suns poles between 60 and 70 degree latitude. We aim to diagnose the 3D
dynamics of a polar crown prominence using high cadence EUV images from the
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA at 304 and 171A and the Ahead spacecraft
of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO-A)/EUVI at 195A. Using
time series across specific structures we compare flows across the disk in 195A
with the prominence dynamics seen on the limb. The densest prominence material
forms vertical columns which are separated by many tens of Mm and connected by
dynamic bridges of plasma that are clearly visible in 304/171A two-color
images. We also observe intermittent but repetitious flows with velocity 15
km/s in the prominence that appear to be associated with EUV bright points on
the solar disk. The boundary between the prominence and the overlying cavity
appears as a sharp edge. We discuss the structure of the coronal cavity seen
both above and around the prominence. SDO/HMI and GONG magnetograms are used to
infer the underlying magnetic topology. The evolution and structure of the
prominence with respect to the magnetic field seems to agree with the filament
linkage model.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Journal, Movies can be found at http://www2.mps.mpg.de/data/outgoing/panesar
Evidence for exercise-based interventions across 45 different long-term conditions: An overview of systematic reviews
Background
Almost half of the global population face significant challenges from long-term conditions (LTCs) resulting in substantive health and socioeconomic burden. Exercise is a potentially key intervention in effective LTC management.
Methods
In this overview of systematic reviews (SRs), we searched six electronic databases from January 2000 to October 2023 for SRs assessing health outcomes (mortality, hospitalisation, exercise capacity, disability, frailty, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical activity) related to exercise-based interventions in adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with one of 45 LTCs. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2. International Prospective Resister of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD42022319214.
Findings
Forty-two SRs plus three supplementary RCTs were included, providing 990 RCTs in 936,825 people across 39 LTCs. No evidence was identified for six LTCs. Predominant outcome domains were HRQoL (82% of SRs/RCTs) and exercise capacity (66%); whereas disability, mortality, physical activity, and hospitalisation were less frequently reported (≤25%). Evidence supporting exercise-based interventions was identified in 25 LTCs, was unclear for 13 LTCs, and for one LTC suggested no effect. No SRs considered multimorbidity in the delivery of exercise. Methodological quality varied: critically-low (33%), low (26%), moderate (26%), and high (12%).
Interpretation
Exercise-based interventions improve HRQoL and exercise capacity across numerous LTCs. Key evidence gaps included limited mortality and hospitalisation data and consideration of multimorbidity impact on exercise-based interventions.
Funding
This study was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR; Personalised Exercise-Rehabilitation FOR people with Multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity)—NIHR202020)
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