Una Aproximación al Metabolismo Social Agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en Banano y Cacao en el Contexto de la Revolución Verde. Costa Rica (1955-1973)

T En este artículo mostramos las principales transformaciones socioecológicas ocurridas en el sistema agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao en Costa Rica entre 1955 y 1973, momento cumbre de la Revolución Verde. Dichas transformaciones supusieron una creciente dependencia de maquinaria e insumos químicos en los agroecosistemas en detrimento de los sistemas agrarios tradicionales de base orgánica. El análisis se desarrolla en la región de Costa Rica que el Censo Agropecuario de 1955 caracterizó como especializada en la producción de banano y cacao, y el concepto de Espacios Productivos Especializados construido por los investigadores. Dichos espacios presentan uno o dos cultivos dominantes desarrollados con miras a su comercialización internacional, aunque también se desarrollan otras actividades productivas y extractivas. Proponemos un análisis retroprospectivo para mostrar desde el enfoque del Metabolismo Social, y a partir del análisis de los flujos-fondo y las tasas de retorno energéticos, las diferentes lógicas de intercambio de energía y materiales que ocurrieron en el Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao.En este artículo mostramos las principales transformaciones socioecológicas ocurridas en el sistema agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao en Costa Rica entre 1955 y 1973, momento cumbre de la Revolución Verde. Dichas transformaciones supusieron una creciente dependencia de maquinaria e insumos químicos en los agroecosistemas en detrimento de los sistemas agrarios tradicionales de base orgánica. El análisis se desarrolla en la región de Costa Rica que el Censo Agropecuario de 1955 caracterizó como especializada en la producción de banano y cacao, y el concepto de Espacios Productivos Especializados construido por los investigadores. Dichos espacios presentan uno o dos cultivos dominantes desarrollados con miras a su comercialización internacional, aunque también se desarrollan otras actividades productivas y extractivas. Proponemos un análisis retroprospectivo para mostrar desde el enfoque del Metabolismo Social, y a partir del análisis de los flujos-fondo y las tasas de retorno energéticos, las diferentes lógicas de intercambio de energía y materiales que ocurrieron en el Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao.En este artículo mostramos las principales transformaciones socioecológicas ocurridas en el sistema agrario del Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao en Costa Rica entre 1955 y 1973, momento cumbre de la Revolución Verde. Dichas transformaciones supusieron una creciente dependencia de maquinaria e insumos químicos en los agroecosistemas en detrimento de los sistemas agrarios tradicionales de base orgánica. El análisis se desarrolla en la región de Costa Rica que el Censo Agropecuario de 1955 caracterizó como especializada en la producción de banano y cacao, y el concepto de Espacios Productivos Especializados construido por los investigadores. Dichos espacios presentan uno o dos cultivos dominantes desarrollados con miras a su comercialización internacional, aunque también se desarrollan otras actividades productivas y extractivas. Proponemos un análisis retroprospectivo para mostrar desde el enfoque del Metabolismo Social, y a partir del análisis de los flujos-fondo y las tasas de retorno energéticos, las diferentes lógicas de intercambio de energía y materiales que ocurrieron en el Espacio Productivo Especializado en banano y cacao

<em>Blastococcus brunescens</em> sp. nov., a member of the <em>Geodermatophilaceae </em>isolated from sandstone collected from the Sahara Desert in Tunisia

\ua9 2024 The Authors.The taxonomic position of strain BMG 8361T, isolated from sandstone collected in the Sahara Desert of Southern Tunisia, was refined through a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Colonies of BMG 8361T were pale-orange coloured, irregular with a dry surface and produced a diffusible pink or brown pigment depending on media. The Gram-positive cells were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The strain exhibited growth at 10–40\ub0C and pH values ranging from 5.5 to 9.0, with optima at 28–35\ub0C and pH 6.5–8.0. Additionally, BMG 8361T demonstrated the ability to grow in the presence of up to 1% NaCl (w/v) concentration. The peptidoglycan of the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, ribose, and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones consisted of MK-9(H4) and MK-9. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and two unidentified lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C16:1 h, and C17:1 ω8c. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences assigned strain BMG 8361T within the genus Blastococcus. The highest pairwise sequence similarity observed in the 16S rRNA gene was 99.5% with Blastococcus haudaquaticus AT 7-14T. However, when considering digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity, the highest values, 48.4 and 86.58%, respectively, were obtained with Blastococcus colisei BMG 822T. These values significantly undershoot the recommended thresholds for establishing new species, corroborating the robust support for the distinctive taxonomic status of strain BMG 8361T within the genus Blastococcus. In conjunction with the phenotyping results, this compelling evidence leads to the proposal of a novel species we named Blastococcus brunescens sp. nov. with BMG 8361T (=DSM 46845T=CECT 8880T) as the type strain

Introducción: Costa Rica, hacia una historia ambiental-regional

Introducción: Costa Rica, hacia una historia ambiental-regiona

Recovery of early meteorological records from Extremadura region (SW Iberia): The ''CliPastExtrem'' (v1.0) database

In this work, we provide instrumental meteorological data recovered for the Extremadura region (interior SW Iberia), from 1826 to mid-20th century. Meteorological variables such as air temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind direction and humidity, among others, were retrieved. In total, more than 750 000 instrumental data in 157 meteorological series belonging to 131 different locations throughout Extremadura were rescued. It must be noted that daily resolution data constitutes 80% of the database. This great effort of digitization and data collection has been carried out with the aim of contributing to a significant expansion of the length of the databases with meteorological information in this region. Therefore, this database will provide a better understanding of climate variability, trends and extreme events of the Extremadura region

Plasma coenzyme Q10 status is impaired in selected genetic conditions.

Identifying diseases displaying chronic low plasma Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) values may be important to prevent possible cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate plasma CoQ concentrations in a large cohort of pediatric and young adult patients. We evaluated plasma CoQ values in 597 individuals (age range 1 month to 43 years, average 11 years), studied during the period 2005-2016. Patients were classified into 6 different groups: control group of healthy participants, phenylketonuric patients (PKU), patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), patients with other inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), patients with neurogenetic diseases, and individuals with neurological diseases with no genetic diagnosis. Plasma total CoQ was measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction showed that plasma CoQ values were significantly lower in the PKU and MPS groups than in controls and neurological patients. The IEM group showed intermediate values that were not significantly different from those of the controls. In PKU patients, the Chi-Square test showed a significant association between having low plasma CoQ values and being classic PKU patients. The percentage of neurogenetic and other neurological patients with low CoQ values was low (below 8%). In conclusión, plasma CoQ monitoring in selected groups of patients with different IEM (especially in PKU and MPS patients, but also in IEM under protein-restricted diets) seems advisable to prevent the possibility of a chronic blood CoQ suboptimal status in such groups of patients

El cobre de Linares (Jaén) como elemento vinculado al comercio fenicio en El Calvari de El Molar (Tarragona)

The settlement and the necropolis of El Calvari (El Molar, Tarragona), dated between the end of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, provided various copper-based objects and melting wastes. The archaeological site is located in a mining district, the Molar-Bellmunt-Falset (MBF) area, which presents rich deposits mainly of non-argentiferous lead and copper. Lead isotope analyses performed on some lead-based materials recovered from El Calvari show that these mines were already being exploited at this time. However, lead isotope analyses of the copper-based metals indicate that neither the ones from the site nor those from the necropolis can be related to local mineral resources. Indeed, a great part of these items originates from the Linares mines (Jaén) and, in a smaller part, from mines in the Almería province. In this paper we will discuss arguments supporting the possibility of import of ingots or of finished objects as part of the Phoenician trade in northeastern Iberia

Combined effects of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers: a novel compositional data analysis approach

<div><p>The associations between time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity with health are usually studied without taking into account that time is finite during the day, so time spent in each of these behaviors are codependent. Therefore, little is known about the combined effect of time spent in sleep, SB and physical activity, that together constitute a composite whole, on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers. Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2005–6 cycle on N = 1937 adults, was undertaken using a compositional analysis paradigm, which accounts for this intrinsic codependence. Time spent in SB, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) was determined from accelerometry and combined with self-reported sleep time to obtain the 24 hour time budget composition. The distribution of time spent in sleep, SB, LIPA and MVPA is significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, plasma glucose, plasma insulin (all p<0.001), and systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.003), but not HDL or LDL. Within the composition, the strongest positive effect is found for the proportion of time spent in MVPA. Strikingly, the effects of MVPA replacing another behavior and of MVPA being displaced by another behavior are asymmetric. For example, re-allocating 10 minutes of SB to MVPA was associated with a lower waist circumference by 0.001% but if 10 minutes of MVPA is displaced by SB this was associated with a 0.84% higher waist circumference. The proportion of time spent in LIPA and SB were detrimentally associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease markers, but the association with SB was stronger. For diabetes risk markers, replacing SB with LIPA was associated with more favorable outcomes. Time spent in MVPA is an important target for intervention and preventing transfer of time from LIPA to SB might lessen the negative effects of physical inactivity.</p></div

Diets containing sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus) meals are hypocholesterolemic in young rats

Peer reviewedPublisher PD